航海英語900204第四節(jié)海圖及海圖作業(yè)

1、第四節(jié) 海圖及海圖作業(yè) 0062. _D_ chart 3994，positions read from this chart should be shifted 0.03 minutes Northward11為與3994號(hào)海圖（），從本圖上讀取的船位需向北移0.03海里。ATo consider 考慮BTo check檢查 CTo examine檢查、測(cè)試 DTo agree with 相符0063. _D_ is not a position-fixing system （）不是一種定位系統(tǒng)AHifix 哈飛克斯定位系統(tǒng)BHyperfix 哈皮飛克斯定位系統(tǒng)CTrisponder 三應(yīng)定

2、位系統(tǒng)DWGS84 （WGS84:World Geodetic System 1984，是為GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)使用而建立的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)。）0064. _B_ the incomplete nature of the survey，heavy draught vessels are warned not to navigate within the 10 fathom line27（由于）測(cè)量資料不全面，深吃水船舶被警告不要在10拓等深線內(nèi)航行。ABecause BOwing to CHaving been DBeing 0065. A chart position enclosed by a sq

3、uare is a（n）_B_ 在海圖上用一個(gè)方框圍起來的船位是（）Afix 定位Bestimated position 預(yù)計(jì)船位Cdead reckoning position 推算船位Drunning fix 移線定位船位0066. A chart projection depicting the poles and a small area on either side of a connecting meridian，that is sometimes used for star charts，is the _C_56用來描繪地球兩極部分區(qū)域和相鄰子午線兩邊的小部分區(qū)域，有時(shí)用來制做索

4、星圖，這種海圖投影法是（）AAzimuthal gnomonic projection 方位球心投影法BLambert conformal projection蘭勃特正形投影，該投影用一個(gè)設(shè)想的圓錐切于或割于地球面兩 緯線上，應(yīng)用等角條件將地球面上經(jīng)緯線 網(wǎng)投影到圓錐面上，沿一母線展開成平面。 緯線投影為同心圓弧，經(jīng)線投影為同心圓 半徑，兩經(jīng)線間夾角與相應(yīng)經(jīng)差成正比。該 投影角度不變形，切緯線或割緯線(稱標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 緯線)不變形，遠(yuǎn)離標(biāo)準(zhǔn)緯線變形逐漸增 大。適合于制作沿緯線延伸地區(qū)地圖的數(shù) 學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，廣泛用于制作中、小比例尺區(qū)域地 圖。CTransverse Mercator projection橫軸

5、墨卡托投影（即UTM投影），假想一個(gè)圓錐其軸與地球橢球旋轉(zhuǎn)軸重合地套在橢球上，按等角的條件把地球橢球上經(jīng)緯線投影到圓錐面上，然后沿一條母線(經(jīng)線)將圓錐面切開展成平面，這就是正軸等角圓錐投影。這種投影最適合于中緯度地區(qū)，為世界上許多國家制作地圖所使用。DPolyconic projection 多圓錐形投影法，假想用一系列同軸圓錐切于地球各緯線上，將地球上的經(jīng)緯線投影到各圓錐面上，然后沿某一母線展開而成。0067. A chart with a scale of 1:80，000 would fall into the category of a _C_ 海圖比例尺為1:80，000的海圖將歸

6、入下列哪一類（）Asailing chart航行圖Bgeneral chart普通海圖Ccoastal chart 沿岸海圖Dharbor chart 港圖0068. A polyconic projection is based on a _D_156多多圓錐形投影法的原理是基于（）APlane tangent at one point 在一點(diǎn)上的平面切線BCylinder tangent at one parallel 在一條平行線上柱狀投影CCone tangent at one parallel 在一條平行線上的錐形投影DSeries of cones tangent at selec

7、ted parallels 在一些選好的平行線上的一系列的錐形投影0069. A revised print of a chart is made _C_172（何時(shí)）出修訂版海圖Aafter every major hydrographic survey of the area covered by the chart 每次海圖覆蓋區(qū)域經(jīng)重要的海道測(cè)量后Bwhen there are numerous corrections to be made or the corrections are extensive 經(jīng)過多次改正或改正范圍比較廣Cwhen a low-stock situatio

8、n occurs and minor corrections are made （當(dāng)前版）海圖庫存少，且對(duì)該海圖的改正比較少Devery two years to update the magnetic variation information 每?jī)赡陮?duì)磁差資料進(jìn)行更新0070. A true bearing of a charted object，when plotted on a chart，will establish a _B_ 當(dāng)在海圖上標(biāo)繪圖示物標(biāo)的真方位時(shí)，該（方位線）將構(gòu)成（）AFix 定位BLine of position 船位線CRelative bearing 相對(duì)方位

9、DRange 距離0071. All straight lines represent great circle tracks on a chart based on a（n）_D_324在海圖上代表大圓的所有直線是基于（）AMercator projection 墨卡托投影，由荷蘭地圖學(xué)家墨卡托(C. Mercator)于1569年創(chuàng)擬即正軸等角圓柱投影。假想一個(gè)與地軸方向一致的圓柱體面切于地球，將經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)投影到圓柱面上，將圓柱面展開為平面所得到的一種等角投影由荷蘭地圖學(xué)家墨卡托(C. Mercator)于1569年創(chuàng)擬即正軸等角圓柱投影。假想一個(gè)與地軸方向一致的圓柱體面切于地球，將經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)投影

10、到圓柱面上，將圓柱面展開為平面所得到的一種等角投影BPolyconic projection多圓錐形投影法COrthographic projection正射投影，一種任意性質(zhì)的透視方位投影。承影面切于球面，視點(diǎn)位于無限遠(yuǎn)處，投影線互相平行且垂直于承影面。DGnomonic projection球心投影，投影平面與地球相切，投影原點(diǎn)在球心。切點(diǎn)附近可認(rèn)為無變形。常用以繪制大比例尺港泊圖。0072. Areas enclosed by a long and short dashed magenta line indicate _C_378（在海圖上）由品紅色的長(zhǎng)、短虛線圍起來的區(qū)域表示（）ACa

11、ble areas 電纜區(qū)域BDumping grounds 垃圾傾倒區(qū)CFish trap areas 漁柵DPrecautionary areas 警戒區(qū)0073. Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is _B_455在海圖上與陸標(biāo)有關(guān)的圖示，該圖示用大寫字母印制，表示該陸標(biāo)（）Ainconspicuous 不顯著Bconspicuous 顯著的Ca government facility or station 政府設(shè)施或臺(tái)站Da radio transmitter 無線電發(fā)

12、射臺(tái)0074. Charts should be corrected by using information published in the _C_459海圖應(yīng)用（）發(fā)布的資料改正ALight List 燈標(biāo)表BAmerican Practical Navigator美洲實(shí)用航海，美國獨(dú)立之后的第一位數(shù)學(xué)家 Bowditch（17731838年）寫的一本書CNotice to Mariners 航海通告DCoast Pilot 沿岸航路指南0075. Charts showing the coast of Mexico are produced by the United States _

13、A_ 顯示墨西哥沿岸的海圖是由美國（）印制的ANational Geospatial-Intelligence Agency （a combat support agency that provides geographic intelligence in support of national security）美國的一個(gè)為國家安全提供地理情報(bào)資料的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)支持機(jī)構(gòu)BCoast Guard 海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)CNaval Observatory 海軍觀測(cè)臺(tái)DNational Ocean Service 國家海洋服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)0076. Distance along a track line is measur

14、ed on a Mercator chart by using the _A_493在墨卡托海圖上，在航跡線上量取航程用（）Alatitude scale near the middle of the track line 接近航跡線中間的單位緯度標(biāo)尺Blongitude scale near the middle of the track line 接近航跡線中間的單位經(jīng)度標(biāo)尺Clatitude scale at the midlatitude of the chart 海圖緯度中間的緯單位緯度標(biāo)尺Dlatitude or longitude scale at the middle of t

15、he scale海圖經(jīng)度中間的單位經(jīng)度標(biāo)尺0077. Every chart is liable to（固定詞組，易于;可能） be incomplete _C_ 所有海圖都有可能不完整，（）Athe final judge of the reliance the mariner can place on the information given 航海者可根據(jù)所給出的資料對(duì)其可信度作出最后判斷Bits immediate importance cannot always be verified before promulgation 其最近的重要資料在發(fā)布之前無法總是得到確認(rèn)Cthrough

16、 imperfections in the survey on which it is based，or subsequent alterations to the topography or sea floor 海圖所采用的測(cè)量資料不完善，或因隨后海底地形或海床發(fā)生變化Ddeferring the promulgation of certain less important information 對(duì)某些不太重要的資料推遲發(fā)布0078. For what purpose would using a Lambert conformal chart be more convenient than

17、 using a Mercator _A_ 當(dāng)用于（什么目的）時(shí)，使用蘭勃特正形投影海圖比用墨卡托投影海圖更方便。APlotting radio bearings over a long distance 在海圖上標(biāo)繪長(zhǎng)距離的無線電方位BDetermining latitude and longitude of a fix 確定定位的經(jīng)、緯度CMeasuring rhumb line distances 計(jì)算恒向線上的距離DMeasuring rhumb line directions 計(jì)算恒向線上的方向0079. Magnetic information on a chart may be

18、_D_808在海圖上，有關(guān)磁差的資料可在（）找到Afound in the center（s）of the compass rose（s） 羅經(jīng)花中部Bindicated by isogonic lines 由等磁差線表示Cfound in a note on the chart 在海圖上提示材料中Dall of the above 上面都是0080. Many of the soundings shown on the chart are derived from _C_Undue reliance should not be placed upon them816海圖上的許多測(cè)深資料都是從

19、（）中引用的，不要過分相信它們。AComplete and often very poor surveys 完整的，但質(zhì)量較差的測(cè)量BCorrect and often very good surveys 正確的，且一般都很好的測(cè)量CInadequate and often very old surveys 不適當(dāng)?shù)?，且一般都很老舊的測(cè)量DAdequate and present surveys 適當(dāng)?shù)那逸^新的測(cè)量0081. Navigational charts are _D_ frequent changes，the important one of which are promulgat

20、ed by Admiralty Notices to Mariners839航海海圖（）經(jīng)常的改正，其中重要的改正資料是通過航海通告發(fā)布的APublished with 與-一起出版BCombined with 與-結(jié)合CIn connection with 與-聯(lián)系DSubject to固定詞組，容易遭受0082. On a Mercator chart，1 nautical mile is equal to _C_855在墨卡托投影海圖上，1海里等于（）A1 minute of longitude 經(jīng)度一分B1 degree of longitude 經(jīng)度一度C1 minute of la

21、titude 緯度一分D1 degree of latitude 緯度一度0083. On chart，bearings to near objects should be used in preference to objects farther off，because _A_ 在海圖上，要優(yōu)先使用近處物標(biāo)而非遠(yuǎn)處物標(biāo)的方位，這是（）Aa small error in bearing or in laying it down on the chart has a greater effect in misplacing the position the longer the line to

22、be drawn 距離越長(zhǎng)，測(cè)量方位或作圖上的小誤差對(duì)船位誤差的影響越大Ball scales are kept updated for vital information by Notices to Mariners 所有比例尺的海圖其關(guān)鍵信息都通過航海通告得以更新Cthe larger the scale of the chart，the greater the detail that can be shown on it 海圖比例尺越大，其所顯示的資料越詳細(xì)Dthe mariner using the medium scale charts for passage along a coa

23、st need not transfer on to a large scale for short distances 在沿岸航行時(shí)使用中等比例尺海圖的航海者，如遇一小段航程有更大比例尺海圖時(shí)，不需要改用更大比例尺海圖0084. On this chart only the principle _D_ to navigation are shown 本海圖上，僅顯示有關(guān)航行的主要的（）Aequipment's 設(shè)備的Btools 工具Capparatus 器材Daids 助航設(shè)施0085. Particular care is needed when navigating in th

24、e vicinity of _B_ as very few of these features have been fully surveyed to modern standards to determine their correct position，full extent，or the least depth over them 當(dāng)在（）附近航行時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)特別小心，因?yàn)閷?duì)這些物標(biāo)很少以現(xiàn)代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行全面的測(cè)量，以確定其正確的位置、全部范圍或其上的最小水深A(yù)SW of Cocos Islands 柯可島西南部Boceanic dangers or seamounts 大洋上的危險(xiǎn)物或海底山脈

25、Cundiscovered dangers 未發(fā)現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)物Dthe continental shelf 大陸架0086. That the scale of any part of a chart to be larger than the scale of the survey is _A_ 一般來說，出現(xiàn)海圖上某一部分的比例尺比測(cè)量比例尺大的概率（）Avery rare 很少Bcommon 普通Coften 經(jīng)常Dreasonable 合理的0087. The arrangement of charts in the catalogue is _A_ 海圖總目錄中，對(duì)海圖的排序是（）Aon

26、 a regional basis 按區(qū)域排序Bon a national basis 按國家排序Cshown orderly 按（圖號(hào)）順序Dappeared from A to W 按字母順序從A到W排序0088. The broken magenta lines（long and short dashes）in and around Mobjack Bay indicate _C_ Mobjack Bay（地名）內(nèi)或附近，品紅色的長(zhǎng)、短虛線表示（）AAmphibious training areas兩棲作戰(zhàn)的;海陸空協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)的訓(xùn)練區(qū)域BGrounds for dredge spoil 疏

27、浚垃圾傾倒區(qū)CFish trap areas 漁柵DGunnery exercise areas 射擊練習(xí)區(qū)0089. The changes in the channel's sands and buoys on this coast are _D_ this chart can not be considered as a safe guide of the channel994本處沿岸的沙洲及浮標(biāo)（經(jīng)常）變化以至于本海圖不能被認(rèn)為是通過水道的安全的指南。Afrequent Bso frequent Cfrequent that Dso frequent that 0090. Th

28、e chart of a beach area shows a very flat slope to the underwater beach bottomWhat type of breakers can be expected when trying to land a boat on this beach _B_ 海圖上顯示，一處海灘到海底之間有段非常平緩的坡度，當(dāng)你嘗試將小艇在該海灘沖灘時(shí)，估計(jì)會(huì)遇到什么浪花ASurging波濤洶涌的BSpilling溢出CPlunging沖進(jìn)的;突進(jìn)的DConverging收縮的0091. The only cylindrical chart pro

29、jection widely used for navigation is the _B_ 唯一的在航海廣泛使用的柱形海圖投影法是（）ALambert conformal 蘭勃特正形投影BMercator 墨卡托投影CAzimuthal 方位角投影DGnomonic 球心投影0092. The path that a vessel is expected to follow，represented on a chart by a line drawn from the point of departure to the point of arrival，is the _B_ 海圖上，從起航點(diǎn)畫

30、到抵達(dá)點(diǎn)，預(yù)計(jì)給船舶航行的路線，是（）ADR plot 推算船們標(biāo)繪Btrack line 航跡線Cheading 船艏線Destimated course 預(yù)計(jì)航向0093. The revision date of a chart is printed on which area of the chart _B_ 修訂版海圖的修訂日期印在海圖上的哪一個(gè)區(qū)域ATop center 上部中心BLower-left corner 左下角CPart of the chart title 海圖標(biāo)題部分DAny clear area around the neat line內(nèi)圖廓線附近的空白區(qū)域009

31、4. The shoreline on charts generally represents the mean _A_ 海圖上的海岸線一般表示（）AHigh water line 高潮面BLow water line 低潮面CLow water spring line 大潮低潮面DTide level 潮高基準(zhǔn)面0095. The short-long dashed magenta line around Gardiners Island marks _B_ Gardiners Island（地名）附近品紅色的長(zhǎng)、短虛線表示（）AA regulated anchorage 指定錨地BFish

32、 trap areas 漁柵CAn area closed to the public 不對(duì)公眾開放的區(qū)域DUnderwater cables 海底電纜0096. The short-long dashed，magenta lines parallel to York River Entrance Channel mark _A_1193與York River（河名）進(jìn)港航道平行的品紅色的長(zhǎng)、短虛線表示（）Afish trap areas 漁柵區(qū)Bnaval exercise areas 海軍練習(xí)區(qū)域Cunderwater cables 海底電纜Drecommended track lines

33、 推薦航跡線0097. The soundings on the imperial chart are measured in _A_ 英版海圖測(cè)深用（）表示丈量單位AFeet 英尺BYards 碼CFathoms 拓DMeters 米0098. The survey information upon which a chart is based is found _B_ 有關(guān)海圖所采用的掃測(cè)資料方面的信息可在海圖的（）找到AAt the top center of the neat line 內(nèi)圖廓線上中部BNear the chart title 海圖標(biāo)題附近CAt the lower l

34、eft corner 左下角DAt any convenient location 認(rèn)為方便的任何位置0099. What information is found in the chart title _C_1345在海圖標(biāo)題上可找到什么信息（）ADate of the first edition 第一版的出版日期BDate of the edition and，if applicable，the revision 出版日期，或修訂版出版日期（方便的話）CInformation on the sounding datum 有關(guān)掃測(cè)資料的信息DInformation on which IALA

35、 buoyage system applies 有關(guān)所采用的IALA浮標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的信息0100. What information is NOT found in the chart title _C_ 海圖標(biāo)題上找不到（）ASurvey information 掃測(cè)信息BScale 比例尺CDate of first edition第一版的出版日期DProjection 投影法0101. What is the major advantage of a rhumb line track _A_ 恒向線的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是（）AThe vessel can steam on a constant head

36、ing（disregarding wind，current，etc） 船舶可沿一固定航向航行（假設(shè)不風(fēng)、流影響）BThe rhumb line is the shortest distance between the arrival and departure points 恒向線是連接起始點(diǎn)與終點(diǎn)之間距離最短的CIt is easily plotted on a gnomonic chart for comparison with a great circle course 在心形投影海圖上，畫恒向線比畫大圓航線更容易DIt approximates a great circle on ea

37、st-west courses in high latitudes 在高緯度海區(qū)，東西航向的恒向線接近大圓航線0104. Which aid is NOT marked on a chart with a magenta circle _A_ 下列哪一種助航標(biāo)志的圖式在海圖上不是品紅色的AAero light 航空燈標(biāo)BRadar station 雷達(dá)站CRadar transponder beacon 雷達(dá)反射標(biāo)DRadiobeacon 無線電信標(biāo)0105. Which chart symbol indicates the bottom is clay _C_ 海底底質(zhì)是泥土用下列哪一種簡(jiǎn)寫

38、表示（）ACly BCla CCl DC 0106. Which information does the outer ring of a compass rose on a nautical chart provide _B_ 海圖上羅經(jīng)花外圈提供的信息是（）Avariation 磁差Btrue directions 真航向Cmagnetic directions 磁航向Dannual rate of variation change 磁差年度變化率0107. Which information is found in the chart title _B_ 海圖標(biāo)題上可找到什么信息（）AC

39、hart number 海圖編號(hào)BChart sounding datum 海圖水深基準(zhǔn)面CRevision and edition date 修訂版及海圖版本的出版日期DVariation information 有關(guān)磁差的信息0108. Which information is found in the chart title _D_ 海圖標(biāo)題上可找到什么信息（）ANumber of the chart 海圖的編號(hào)BEdition date 出版日期CVariation information有關(guān)磁差的信息DSurvey information 有關(guān)掃測(cè)資料的信息0109. Which s

40、tatement about a gnomonic chart is correct _D_ 下列有關(guān)心形投影海圖的描述哪一項(xiàng)正確AA rhumb line appears as a straight line 恒向線顯示是一條直線BDistance is measured at the midlatitude of the track line 使用航跡線中部的緯度刻度作為量距離的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CMeridians appear as curved lines converging toward the nearer pole子午線（經(jīng)線）在海圖上顯示為向鄰近的地極彎曲的曲線DParallels，ex

41、cept the equator，appear as curved lines 除赤道外，其他的平行線顯示為曲線0113. A chart has extensive corrections to be made to itWhen these are made and the chart is again printed，the chart issue is a _B_55海圖有大范圍的改正，當(dāng)這些改正改到海圖上后且海圖重新印制，這種海圖叫（）AFirst edition 第一版BNew edition 新版CRevised edition 修訂版DReprint 翻印版0114. A ma

42、rker pole，with a horseshoe buoy and a sea anchor attached，should be used to _D_ 海圖上由一個(gè)馬蹄形浮標(biāo)及一個(gè)與之相連接的海錨作為標(biāo)志的點(diǎn)被用來（）Amark the position of a lost mooring 表示丟失錨的位置Bdetermine your vessel's sideslip underway 確定船舶在航時(shí)的偏移Cdetermine your speed through the water 確定船舶的對(duì)水速度Dindicate location of a man overboar

43、d 表示人員落水的位置0116. Charted depths _D_ by 2 meters due to state of the winds 受風(fēng)的影響，海圖水深應(yīng)（減去）2米AIs decreased BDecreased CDecreases DAre decreased 0118. Contour elevations on this chart refer to heights in feet above mean _D_ 本海圖上礁石的高程等高線是用英尺為單位的，在（）以上ALower low water 低低潮面BHigh water 高潮面CLow water 低潮面DSe

44、a level 海平面0123. No navigational aids are shown and the chart is not kept corrected for alterations in depths inside the pecked linesFor more detailed information，the larger scale charts must be _A_844本海圖上虛線內(nèi)的區(qū)域，未顯示助航標(biāo)志，且水深變化未加以改正。如需得到更加詳細(xì)的資料，應(yīng)（）更大比例尺的海圖。Areferred to 參考、參閱Bappreciated 感謝Cmet with 符合

45、Dconcerned 關(guān)心、關(guān)照0124. On a nautical chart，the inner ring of a compass rose indicates _D_856航用海圖上，羅經(jīng)花的內(nèi)圈表示（）ATrue directions 真航向BCompass error 羅經(jīng)誤差CDeviation 自差DMagnetic directions 磁航向0126. Positions read from this chart should be moved 0.08 minutes Southward and 0.13 minutes Eastward so as _D_ adjoi

46、ning chart 3446 為與圖號(hào)為3446的海圖（），從本海圖上讀取的位置應(yīng)向南移0.08分，向東移0.13分。ATo agree upon 同意BIn accordance with 根據(jù)CTo be same as 相同DTo agree with 相符0127. Positions read from this chart should，to agree with chart 3949，be _A_ 0.03 minutes Northwards and 0.22 minutes Westwards 為與圖號(hào)為3949的海圖（），從本海圖上讀取的位置應(yīng)向北及向西各（）0.03分及

47、0.22分。AShifted 移動(dòng)BRemoved 移除CChanged 改變DAltered 更改0132. The broken magenta line which runs parallel to the shore between Roanoke Point and Mattituck Inlet marks a _A_ 海圖上在Roanoke Point和 Mattituck Inlet之間與岸線平行的品紅色的間斷線表示（）AFish trap area 漁柵BPipeline 海底管路CDemarcation line 分界線DCable area 電纜區(qū)域0135. The r

48、ange of a light on Admiralty Charts is normally the _A_ 英版海圖上燈標(biāo)的能見距是（）Anominal range額定能見距指在氣象能見度為10n mile 條件下，該燈塔燈光的光力射程。Bluminous range 光識(shí)能見距，指在某一氣象能見度條件下，該燈塔燈光所能照射的最大距離。Cgeographical range 地理能見距，當(dāng)能見度良好時(shí)，僅由于地面曲率和地面光線的折射率的影響，具有一定眼高的測(cè)者，理論上能夠看到物標(biāo)的最大距離。Dvisible range 視力能見距0136. The range of a light on Admiralty Charts is normally the _A_ Anominal range Bluminous range Cgeographical range Dvisible range 0137. To _D_ Admiralty Charts 438，latitudes taken from this chart sho