名詞性從句39029

1、第二章 名詞性從句168中學(xué) 黃建多 王景鳳 That的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)：1、 That在主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句通常不可以省略（that不作成分）。Eg:That price will go up is <true>. <There> is a feeling in me that we will never know what a UFO is. His advice is <that we should study English>.2、 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不可以省略。當(dāng)由it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，t

2、hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that大多不可以省略。Eg:He told me （that）he had to leave and that he would be back soon. You can put it that it was arranged before.（注意此處的put的翻譯！） 說(shuō) 3、 that可以作except、in的賓語(yǔ)，其他介詞后面需要用that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。Eg:He is <a good student> except that he is a little bit careless. He differed from his cl

3、assmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. You may depend on it that I shall always help you.注意：in that+從句，lie in+短語(yǔ)都表示“在于”eg: His failure lay in his illness.4、 連詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，先行詞通常是某些抽象名詞。如：evidence,notice,story,fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,advice,news,problems,word=news,possibil

4、ity等，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。如：There is a feeling in me that we will never know what a UFO is.Word came that he has gone abroad.(word=the news當(dāng)新聞講時(shí)，前面不可加冠詞)5、 賓語(yǔ)從句中不可省略that的情況：that從句與謂語(yǔ)被短語(yǔ)、詞組等分隔開(kāi)時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與另一名詞性從句作并列賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Eg:They told us once again that this would never

5、happen. English could see what was happening and that Tom was really shocked.除了用that以外引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的情況：1、 idea常用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。no idea常用whether、how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Eg:His idea that we should go abroad is worth considering. I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.2、question常用how、whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，no question常用th

6、at引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Eg：My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.I have no question that I can work out this problem.Whether與if只用whether，不用if的情況:（1）表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句只用whether，不用if。Eg:The problem is <whether the meeting will be given>. He has no idea whether he should lend money from t

7、he bank.主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，只用whether，不用if。Eg:Whether the meeting will be given is <still a problem>.作discuss等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用whether，不用if。Eg:We often discuss whether we should study English.在介詞后，只用whether，不用if。Eg:It depends on whether you can do the work well.(5)與or not連用時(shí)，只用whether，不用if。Eg:I dont care whethe

8、r or not he comes.(6)與不定式連用時(shí)，只用whether，不用if。Eg:I dont know whether to go there.Whether和If都可以用的情況：（1）當(dāng)it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí),Whether和If都可以用。Eg:It is <doubtful> whether/if he will come here.(2)與or not 分開(kāi)使用時(shí)，Whether和If都可以用。Eg:I dont care whether/if he comes or not.關(guān)于what的用法：(1)what=the thing(s) that/w

9、hich,用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。what在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。Eg: What is true is <always true>.=the thing （that/which is true） is <always true>.What they need is <a good text book>.= the thing （that/which they need） is <a good text book>.What Hefei used to be is <surprising&g

10、t;.= the thing （<that/which >Hefei used to be） is <surprising>.(2)what可以作定語(yǔ)。eg:what help do you need? What funny stories they told!關(guān)于whatever,whichever,whoever與no matter what/which/who的區(qū)別及用法：（1） whatever=anything that用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 whatever=no matter what用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Eg:Whatever he likes will

11、be given to him.= Anything (that he likes )will be given to him.=No matter what/whatever he likes,it will be given to him. (2)whoever= anyone that/who用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。whoever=no matter who用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Eg:Whoever did this job must be rewarded.= Anyone (that/who did this job) must be rewarded.= no matter who /

12、whoever did this job,he must be rewarded. (3) whichever=anything/anyone that用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。(whichever既可以指人，也可以指物。whatever常表示在未知范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇，whoever也常表示在未知范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇，whichever常表示在已知范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇。)whichever= no matter which用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Eg:Whichever wins the match will be given a reward.= =Anyone (that wins the match) will

13、 be given a reward.= no matter which student /whichever student wins the match,he will be given a reward.Whatever do you want?(無(wú)范圍)Whichever (fruit) do you want,apples,bananas,or grapes?(有范圍) Whoever does this job?(無(wú)范圍)Whichever student does this job,MaryJohn or Jim?(有范圍)注意：whatever/which+名詞=any+名詞+

14、thatEg: whatever/whichever book he bought would be paid for.=Any book （that he bought） would be paid for(4)另外，whatever,whichever,whoever,wherever，whenever中ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，相當(dāng)于on earth,意為“究竟、到底”。Eg:Whatever are you doing?=What on earth are you doing?Wh-ever與no matter wh-的區(qū)別總結(jié)：Wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而

15、no matter wh-只能用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。It作形式主語(yǔ)的情況that從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：(1)it+be+形容詞（possible/probable/likely,obvious/apparent/evident/clear,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,certain,etc.）+that從句。如：It is certain that 是確信的Eg:It is certain that she will do well in her exam.注意這里的certain不可以用sure來(lái)取代。因?yàn)閕t不可以作sur

16、e的邏輯主語(yǔ)。在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中certain和sure可以互換：sb. be certain/sure to do sth.某人一定要/會(huì)做某事be certain/sure of/that確信make certain/sure of/that確保，弄清楚eg:(1)I am sure/certain to make it.(2)I am sure/certain of my success.=I am sure that I will make it.(3)Please make sure/certain of your success.(4)You must make sure/certain

17、 that he will join us for dinner.并且，在it is possible for sb. to do sth.中，possible不可以用probable/likely來(lái)取代。但是在it is possible/probable/likely that中possible/probable/likely可以互換。Eg：（1）It is possible for me to go abroad.(2) It is possible/probable/likely that he will help us.it +be +名詞詞組（no wonder,no surpri

18、se,an honor,a good thing,a pity,etc）+that從句。如：It is no surprise that our team has won the game.it +be+過(guò)去分詞（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,edc）+ that從句。如：It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next week.(4)特殊疑問(wèn)詞引

19、導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，如：It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.It has been decided who will preside over the meeting.在可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后，如think,make,consider等，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.He has made it clear that he will not give in.You can put

20、 it that it was arranged before. 說(shuō) 一些常考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：It is no use doing sth.=it is useless doing sth. 做沒(méi)有用Eg：It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It is no good doing sth. 做沒(méi)有好處Eg:It is no good playing computer games.It is said that=people say=sb./sth. be said to do 據(jù)說(shuō)Eg:It is said that he has gone abroad

21、.=People say that he has gone abroad.=He is said to have gone abroad.注意：to+have+過(guò)去分詞表示to后的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。Make a difference有區(qū)別，有影響Make a difference to sb.對(duì)某人有影響Make no difference沒(méi)區(qū)別，沒(méi)有影響Eg:Working hard or not makes a big difference to us.It makes no difference where we will have the meeting.Make sense講得

22、通，有意義Make sense of弄懂的意思Make no sense講不通，沒(méi)意義Eg(1)This sentence doesnt make sense.= This sentence makes no sense.(2)Can you make sense of this sentence?It is obvious/apparent/evident/clear that 是清楚的Eg: It is obvious/apparent/evident/clear that he will make it because he works very hard.As well=in addi

23、tion也，還有。是副詞短語(yǔ)，常用在句末作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)用在句中時(shí)，后面有逗號(hào)作標(biāo)志。As well as=in addition to除了還有，是介詞短語(yǔ)，用在句中。Eg:I can speak Chinese,I can speak English as well/in addition.= I can speak Chinese, as well/in addition, I can speak English.= I can speak English as well as/in addition to Chinese.=I can not only speak Chinese,but al

24、so I can speak English.注意：as well as強(qiáng)調(diào)前者，not onlybut also強(qiáng)調(diào)后者。As a result結(jié)果，因此。是副詞短語(yǔ)，常用在句末作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)用在句中時(shí)，后面有逗號(hào)作標(biāo)志。As a result of作為的結(jié)果。是介詞短語(yǔ)，用在句中。Eg:He was badly ill,he failed as a result.=He was badly ill,as a result,he failed.=He failed as a result of his illness.In return作為回報(bào)。是副詞短語(yǔ)，常用在句末作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)用在句中時(shí)，后面有

25、逗號(hào)作標(biāo)志。In return for作為對(duì)的回報(bào)。是介詞短語(yǔ)，用在句中。Eg:I gave him a book,he gave me a pen in return.= I gave him a book, in return ,he gave me a pen.=He gave me a pen in return for my giving him a book. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)In exchange作為交換。是副詞短語(yǔ)，常用在句末作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)用在句中時(shí)，后面有逗號(hào)作標(biāo)志。In exchange for作為對(duì)的交換。是介詞短語(yǔ)，用在句中。Eg:My parents gave me a

26、valuable gift,I gave them a small present in exchange.= My parents give me a valuable gift, in exchange ,I gave them a small present.= I gave my parents a small present in exchange for their giving me a valuable gift.Instead代替，相反，而不是。是副詞短語(yǔ)，常用在句末作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)用在句中時(shí)，后面有逗號(hào)作標(biāo)志。Instead of代替，是介詞短語(yǔ)，用在句中。Eg:He didnt

27、 go to school,he went to a movie instead.= He didnt go to school, instead ,he went to a movie.=He went to a movie instead of going to school.Be linked to/with與相連接/相聯(lián)系(通常指通過(guò)一個(gè)具體的工具把兩個(gè)實(shí)物連接起來(lái)，多指實(shí)物發(fā)生物理上的聯(lián)系，比如雙截棍的兩個(gè)棍子是link在一起的。也可以指把兩個(gè)抽象的實(shí)物聯(lián)系起來(lái)。)Eg:（1）Please connect/link the mouse to/with the computer.（2）

28、A study shows that eating more fruit and vegetables is_to a lower risk of dying from heart disease.A.linked B.combined C.attached D.associated正確答案：ABe combined with與相聯(lián)系/相連接（通常指把兩個(gè)抽象的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)。）Eg:It is difficult to combine work with entertainment.· I call this "Lean + Agile Kanban", and

29、it can be combined with "Agile Kanban", as shown the next example. 我叫它為“精益+敏捷看板”，如下一個(gè)例子展示的那樣它可以與“敏捷看板”相結(jié)合。 · This product can also be combined with the following two products to aggregate structured, unstructured data and the valuable assets from the mainframe platforms. 此產(chǎn)品還可以與以下兩個(gè)產(chǎn)品

30、組合使用，以聚合結(jié)構(gòu)化、非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)以及來(lái)自大型機(jī)平臺(tái)的寶貴資產(chǎn)。 · Programmes that aim to educate adolescents about sexual and reproductive health need to be combined with programmes aimed at motivating them to apply what they have learnt in their lives. 在性和生殖衛(wèi)生方面針對(duì)青少年進(jìn)行教育的規(guī)劃，應(yīng)該與那些動(dòng)員他們使用在生活中所學(xué)知識(shí)的規(guī)劃結(jié)合起來(lái)。Be related to= have so

31、mething to do with : 與有關(guān), 強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩件事(物)的相關(guān)性.后面一般接人, 抽象的概念等等;relate to sb.理解/認(rèn)同某人eg:what he does can't be related to what he says.what he does can't be related to what he says.Good teachers always relate to their students.Be associated with與相聯(lián)系(多指人與人之間的關(guān)系，屬于精神方面的，思想，思緒，感情)associate A with B 表主動(dòng)，

32、將A和B相聯(lián)系 associate with v.聯(lián)合,混合eg, She will ever be associated with the women's lib. 她將永遠(yuǎn)和女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起。We associate presents with Christmas. 我們由禮物聯(lián)想到耶誕節(jié)。Do not associate with dishonest boys. 不要常和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子在一起。Be attached to附屬于與相聯(lián)系 依戀Attach importance to重視Eg:This school is attached to Beijing University.

33、We must attach importance to education.Many people are so attached to their mobile phones that they use them at meal times and even in church.be connected with 與.有聯(lián)系，與.有關(guān)be connected with強(qiáng)調(diào) 涉及到.;與.有關(guān)系; 與.有染,后面一般接某種事件或者組織.That solitary old man was suspected to be connected with the crime.那個(gè)孤獨(dú)的老頭被懷疑與犯

34、罪事件有關(guān)Expect sb. to do sth.預(yù)料某人做某事期盼某人做某事Expect sth. from/of sb.從某人那里期望得到某物Eg:(1)Our school has better basketball players,so I expect them to win the match.(2)Our parents always expect much from/of us.overcome被弄得失去知覺(jué)克服，相當(dāng)于get overeg:While working outdoors,Linda was overcome by the heat and fell to th

35、e ground,unconscious. We must cvercome our difficulty in studying English.Im sure that我確信Im not sure whether/if我不確信是否Eg:Im sure that he can pass the exam. Im not sure whether/if he can help us.I doubt whether/if我懷疑I dont doubt that我不懷疑Do you doubt that你懷疑Eg:I doubt whether/if he will come soon. I have no doubt that he will come soon. Do you doubt that he will help you if you are in trouble??？嫉膸讉€(gè)詞匯：Remain當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞講時(shí)，意思是“保持，仍然是，有待于”，當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞的意思是“停留，滯留”，意味著在原地保持不動(dòng)。Eg:(1)We must remain/keep/stay healthy.(2)John is a lawyer n