高考英語閱讀理解技巧與訓練

1、新邵縣第一中學新邵縣第一中學（一）閱讀總量不少于1000個單詞，設問共20個小題，總用詞量逐年增加，閱讀速度每分鐘至少要50個以上單詞，而且理解準確率應在80%以上。（二）題材盡量多樣化，包括日常生活、軼事傳說、廣告通知、報道、社會文化、史地、經(jīng)濟等。不同題材的文章應有不同的側重點。天文史地、科普常識類，要留心事實和細節(jié)；人物傳記、歷史故事、幽默小品類，要領會文章的主題、寫作意圖、人物性格和特征等；社會文化教育、政治經(jīng)濟類要注意觀點和結論；風土人情、日常生活，要留意（西方）文化與習俗等；新聞報道廣告海報類，要注意其獨特的寫作手法、事情的起因、經(jīng)過、涉及的人物具體數(shù)字及作者的態(tài)度。（三）體裁盡量

2、避免單一化。因此我們務必熟悉文體格式，熟讀并背誦一些范文，千方百計增加對語言經(jīng)驗的積累。（一）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié);（二）既要理解具體的事實，也要理解抽象的概念;（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深層的含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等;（四）既要理解某句、某段的意義，也要理解全篇的邏輯關系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷;（五）既能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息去理解，也能結合中學生應有的常識去理解。（一）細節(jié)推理題 一般針對某個特定細節(jié)而提出，難度較小，屬淺層理解，通讀短文后一般能直接找出答題依據(jù)。解題方法： 1通讀全文，領悟大意，理解文章結構層次及細 節(jié)，特別注意以下幾個方面

3、：五個W(Who, where, when, which)和一個H(how)以及其他特殊之處；數(shù)字、日期、時間等；同位語、破折號、括號、省略號等；表示附加說明的詞，如：by the way, besides, whats more, in addition to, including to, as well as等。倒裝句及加強語氣的詞，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。 2選用排除法排除不符合原文細節(jié)的選項，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。 The cold is the most common of mans ailments. Ye

4、t it stumped the medical authorities. Many of more terrible diseases have come under the control of modern man as the result of the knowledge gained in the lab of science research. Investigators have thought that the cold is usually caused by a virus. However, no method of studying this virus has be

5、en devised. The chimpanzee is the only animal to which the disease can be given experimentally. The use of this animal is limited by its cost and by the fact that so many of the animals die of pneumonia during the experiments. This leaves for all practical purposes only human volunteers to be used i

6、n research projects. Many inmetes of prisons have helped in this work, but because of these limitations, research into the cause and cure of cold has progressed very slowly. Research into the cause and cure of colds has _. A. gone ahead very slowly B. gone ahead very quickly C. been very common D. b

7、een impossible 要求正確理解短文中一些關健詞、短語或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達法、詞的多義性、同近義語替換、習語釋義、句型或語態(tài)轉換等。1透徹理解題意，從短文中找到相關的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最后確定含義。 2 要熟悉常見的設問形式：1) The underlined word in the paragraph refers to /means _.2) What does “_” in paragraph stand for /mean?3) “_” could best be replaced by which of the follow

8、ing?4) The expression /phrase “_” means _.5) The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.(二)詞句理解題解題方法1. When everyone agrees on a decision, the decision is unanimous. A. 無效的 B. 一致通過的 C. 匿名的 D.有價值的2. A food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious. A. 有營養(yǎng)的 B.鼓勵的 C.珍貴的 D.稀少的3. The farmer is the

9、 most important person in the movie. He is the hero. A.英雄 B.主角 C.偶像 D.象征三推理判斷題主要對短文的結論、隱含意義（寓意）、作者的傾向、文章的論調(diào)、寫作的思路及目的等進行考查， 縱觀全文，在匯集短文提供的各項信息的基礎上，嚴格按照短文陳述的觀點或描述事實，進行正確的、合乎邏輯的推論和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的動機和性格特征、作者的傾向態(tài)度、語言中的語態(tài)和語氣等。有時還可能會假設一種情況要求考生對原文中沒有提及情況進行推理和想象，對題目中提出各種可能性進行推敲，從而選出符合原文信息或作者意圖的最佳答案。解題方法1讀懂原

10、文，抓住關鍵詞、短語、句子或段落，透徹理解文章內(nèi)容注意文章結構層次和邏輯關系， 并結合閱讀材料外的有關生活、社會常識，仔細斟酌，作出準確的推斷和引申。2要熟悉常見的設問方式： 1) We can we infer /conclude from the passage that _. 2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _. 3) The passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _. 4) The autho

11、rs /writers attitude towards is _. 5) What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story? Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers, radio keep us continually informed and stimulated our interest. The sociologists interest in

12、the world around him is intense, for society is his field of study. As an analyst, he must be well acquainted with a broad range of happenings and must understand basic social processes. He wants to now what makes the social what it is, how it is organized, why it changes in the way that it does. Su

13、ch knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way.The passage chiefly concerns _. A. the work of a sociologist B. the new media C. modern society D. decision-makers(四)歸納概括題此類題主要針對的主題、中心思想、文章的結構層次（主題句或主題

14、段）、作者的寫作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在準確理解全文后歸納短文要點、概括中心思想，也分析和歸納段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征和環(huán)境特點等。 解題方法1領會全文大意，靈活運用概念、判斷、歸納、推理 等邏輯方法，真正理解文章的話題和中心思想。一般而言，英語文章的話題往往用很少幾個詞加以概括，通常具體反映在文章的題目或一段短文的小標題上；不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的主題，特點是新聞報道，第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)，這一段往往表達了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常貫穿于全文之中；英語文章講究使用主題句和主題段。主題段通常在文章簡要概括文章中心

15、思想，而主題句(topic sentence)常在一段的開頭，也有可能在段中或段末。其作用是交待該段的中心意思，段與段之間常有詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章連貫。要準確地理解一篇文章必須對文章的結構有所了解，把握住文章的脈絡，即句與句之間，段落與段落之間邏輯關系。 1) What I the main subject /the best title of the passage? 2) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3) The title that best expresses the main idea of

16、 the passage is _. 4) From the passage we know that _. 5) The main idea of this passage is _. 6) The passage is mainly about _. 7) Choose the best title for the passage.五圖表理解題圖示理解題中地圖的一般坐標方位是“上北下南，左西右東”（特別標明方位的除外）。有時根據(jù)文章內(nèi) 容提供一幅或多幅圖（地圖、示意圖或其它圖形），要求考生正確判斷和選擇符合原文內(nèi)容的圖示。解題方法1先看問題和圖示再讀原文，要以原文提供的事實、邏輯關系為自己

17、思維活動的基準點，使自己的思維模式與作者寫作時的思維模式相吻合（詞、短語或句子），分析其中的細節(jié)，找出符合圖示所要求的必要條件： 1) Which of the following maps gives the right position of ? 2) Which of the following diagrams /pictures /figures shows the correct relationship between A.B and C? 3) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is /looks like? A

18、 U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel(木桶) with only slight hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof (防彈的) material and covered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the fall. Which of the following gives the correct relationship between Canada, Niagara Falls and Ho