當(dāng)代研究生英語(上冊)課后翻譯答案

1、Unit1The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance/一種真正的市場型理模式很快成為可能。在信息空間，我們將能夠檢驗并完善所需要的管理制度-知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、服務(wù)內(nèi)容與使用權(quán)的控制制度、個人隱私權(quán)與自由言論制度等。有些群體允許任何人加入，而有些則只允許符合這樣或那樣條件的人加入。能夠自持的群體會興旺發(fā)展（或許也會因為志趣與身份日趨特殊，而發(fā)展成為幾個分支）。有些群體或因為成員失去興趣，或因為成員被嚇跑而不能幸存下來，他們將漸漸委瑣消亡。Unit2Once the problem is understand一旦問題得到

2、理解，情況自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不傾聽或不談?wù)撁刻彀l(fā)生的事情而感到被遺棄、感到喪失生活樂趣的女性會高興的發(fā)現(xiàn)，她們的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的談話在女性關(guān)系中的地位后，正努力地在適應(yīng)。如果丈夫不適應(yīng)，妻子仍然能夠得到安慰，因為她知道，對男人來說，這不是不親密的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)妻子接受了男女存在區(qū)別這一事實后，便會去找自己的朋友或家人說一說話。那些不能夠給予妻子談話快樂的丈夫，也不應(yīng)該覺得妻子提出了無理要求。仍然會有一些夫妻決定離婚，但起碼他們的決定是建立在比較現(xiàn)實的期望基礎(chǔ)上的。Unit3When it come into1.在地球形成的初期，上面很可能沒有我們今天稱之為海洋和大氣層之類的東西。Be

3、tween 2 billion and 32.在20億到30億年期間，一部分地球表面的水在太陽能的作用下，形成了結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的化合物，這些化合物靈活多變，足以形成我們稱之為“生命”的東西。The entire planet is a life form 3.整個星球是一種由無機部分和各種各樣的有機生命構(gòu)成的生命形式（正如我們自己的身體，既是由各種各樣的有機部分構(gòu)成，又是由骨骼中的無機晶體和血液中的無機水分所構(gòu)成）。In the same way4.同樣，從全球的規(guī)?？紤]，砍掉一整片森林在總體上不會對地球生命構(gòu)成威脅，但是這樣做會對該地區(qū)的生態(tài)形式造成嚴(yán)重的影響，甚至?xí)斐伤牧魇?，從而引起地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)

4、的細微變化。Barring interference from outside5.如果排除外界的干擾，食肉動物和被吃動物都保持一個適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)量，這樣對雙方都有好處。The present rate of increase6.目前世界人口的急劇增長率使人類可以被稱為生態(tài)惡性腫瘤。這種惡性腫瘤肯定會摧毀生態(tài)環(huán)境，正如普通的癌細胞會摧毀人的肌體一樣。Unit4The flow of novelties in vocabulary,in 新詞匯、新習(xí)語、甚至新發(fā)音都以無法抗拒的勢力源源不斷傳入東方。從前我們常常借用很多英語詞或短語，但現(xiàn)在很少這樣做。但英語卻吸納我們創(chuàng)造的詞，我們創(chuàng)造有多快，其吸納的速度

5、幾乎就有多快。我認為，美國電影固然對這一變化起了很大作用，但毫無疑問，還有更深刻的原因。英語依然有點太嚴(yán)格、有點僵硬，且過于矯揉造作。而美語的發(fā)展卻像伊麗莎白一樣繁榮。所有那些在英國莎士比亞時代應(yīng)用的構(gòu)詞方法，現(xiàn)在依然在美國應(yīng)用著，新詞源源不斷產(chǎn)生。如果莎翁健在，這些新詞一定會使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的時代產(chǎn)生的新詞使他欣喜若狂一樣。Unit5The goal of science is to find out1. 科學(xué)的目的是弄清世界的運行特點，尋求其間可能存在的規(guī)律，洞察事物之間的了解從構(gòu)成一切物質(zhì)的亞核粒子，到生物有機體，人類社會群體，以至整個宇宙。Every culture has

6、posed such question,2 .世界上每一文化群體都以這樣或那樣的方式提出過這些問題。而所提供的答案幾乎都帶有“就這么回事”的性質(zhì)，這些嘗試性的解釋總是脫離實驗，甚至沒有經(jīng)過細心的比較觀察。To penetrate into the heart of the thing3. 要透徹地領(lǐng)悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的東西比如惠特曼所說的一片草葉，也會經(jīng)歷一種喜悅，這種喜悅，在整個世界的所有生靈中只有人類才能感受到。And sometimes we hear 4. 有時我們聽到一些科學(xué)家發(fā)表的宣言，他們充滿信心地宣稱，每一件值得弄清的事物都會很快為大家所知，或者說有些已經(jīng)眾所周知。他們

7、描繪的是狄奧尼修斯和波利尼西亞時代的圖畫，在這些畫中，人們對知識探索的熱情已經(jīng)減退，取而代之的是一種被征服的怠惰，成了飲用發(fā)酵椰子汁和其他一些溫和迷幻劑的安逸度日者。If we could 5. 如果我們可以縮小身體進入這個晶體世界，我們可以看見一排排原子形成有序的點陣，呈一種有規(guī)律的交替結(jié)構(gòu)鈉原子、氯原子、氯化鈉原子，這些點陣精確地勾畫出我們所站的這一層原子以及在我們頭上、頭下的所有原于層的示意圖。Unit6Jake was thinking杰克正想入非非時，瞥見綠燈亮了，他只顧開動汽車，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再見。當(dāng)他扭過頭來，面對前方時，已經(jīng)晚了一秒鐘。他猛地一下踩住剎車，調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)

8、方向，以避免撞上前面那輛車上小小的剎車紅燈，但還是砰然一聲撞上了。如果他動作再快一秒鐘，也許只會離這輛車很近，不會撞上。而如果再晚一秒鐘，他的車就會爬上這輛豐田車的行李箱。實際上，他好像沒有把前面的車幢壞，而后面的車撞上了他車后部的保險杠，那一撞卻嚴(yán)重多了。Unit7On the same day 1. 就在這同一天，我的車又壞了，電冰箱不制冷了，而且我還得知我的右后臼齒牙根需要鑲補。If we were suddenly to see2 .如果我們突然看到油漆又飛回舊樓房的墻面，我們準(zhǔn)會感到有問題。如果我們看到一個雞蛋自己拼湊在一起又跳回蛋殼，我們準(zhǔn)會開懷大笑，就像看一組倒放的電影鏡頭那樣。

9、It is easy to see entropy 3. 在婚姻中很容易出現(xiàn)墑，當(dāng)伴侶們過于忙于自己的事而忽視了彌補小小裂痕時，幾乎可以肯定他們的婚姻要破裂；The chances that an ice-cold4. 一個冰冷分子朝背離冰箱方向運動的概率也是50。但是如果數(shù)十億個冷熱空氣分子混合在一起，那么所有冷空氣分子朝冰箱方向運動，同時所有熱空氣分子背離冰箱運動的概率實際上是零。If there were only a dozen or so air5. 如果在廚房里只有十幾個空氣分子，那么我等上一年左右，或許在某個時刻6個最冷的分子會聚集在冰箱里。但是，這一等式中的變量越多、參加這一游

10、戲的角色越多他們的路徑井然有序地相互吻合的可能性就越小。Unit8The first wave involved tangible1 .第一次浪潮涉及有形產(chǎn)品硬件，它與構(gòu)成軟件的計算機程序相對而言。本世紀(jì)六七十年代，圣何塞和舊金山地帶的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司為計算機生產(chǎn)出存儲器硅芯片，于是使有了“硅谷”的名字。The second wave of2. 財富形成的第二次浪潮涉及軟件包括人們用于工作或娛樂的“應(yīng)用”軟件，就像文字處理程序或者計算機游戲之類，以及用于管理業(yè)務(wù)和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)自身運行的“系統(tǒng)”軟件。But both the hardware and the software3. 但是無論是硬

11、件革命還是軟件革命，與現(xiàn)在因特網(wǎng)上所發(fā)生的情況相比，其財富創(chuàng)造的影響力都顯得非常緩慢。短短數(shù)年之前，在日內(nèi)瓦CERN研究中心工作的英國物理學(xué)家Tim Berners-Lee發(fā)明了一種方案，用以連接與某一主題或一系列主題相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)貯存在各地各種不同的計算機內(nèi)。The online auction site e-bay4. eBay網(wǎng)點的在線拍賣同樣有利可圖，因為它每拍賣一次都要向買賣雙方收取一定的傭金。但是如今大多數(shù)國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司都承受著重大的短期損失，證券市場控資者通常認為這種損失會在商業(yè)計劃里某個似乎永遠不會到來的“第三年”中轉(zhuǎn)為盈利。a5. 盡管上述這些獲利的基本模式最終將被證明

12、是站不住腳的，但到目前為之，它們卻足以使很多人十分富有。實際上所有這些財富都是由技術(shù)公司股組成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多數(shù)股份會逐漸散失。1.This book contains all the information you need.2.The government restricts the number of foreign cars that could be imported.3.As a teacher you should not show preference towards any of your students.4.Traffic is regulated

13、 by police at every intersection.5.How much do you charge for this pair of shoes.6.We can leave off now and return to work in the morning.7.That matter can be left alone until our next meeting.8.I learned that he was on sick leave from a government office.9.It was one of the most beautiful sights th

14、at I had ever set eyes on.10.Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars of his salary.1.All this ceremony is just for show ;it doesnt mean a thing.2. Bill is afraid to show his face since Tom threatens to beat him up.3.She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will bring her to her senses.4.The

15、 classroom is 30 feet in length and 20 feet in breadth.5.Im leaving this job because Im tired of being pushed around.6.After the rain, the orchard seems to have burst into blossom overnight.7.The two men stood glaring at each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement.8.When you have any proble

16、ms in your studies, you can always look to John for help.1.Theodore Roosevelt was a versatile man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman, explorer, and author.2.The small town has undergone many changes during last 10 years.3.The old farmer survived his wife ,living until 105 years of

17、 age.4.Poor eyesight is a handicap to many students.5.The wheat crop will be decimated without strong spring rains.6.The various parts of the essays do not adequately interrelate.7.Hot weather multiplies the bacteria in the milk rapidly.8.If something very substantial is not done next month, he cann

18、ot retain his office.9.We sent him an invitation but he declined.10.The lifeguard pulled the inanimate body out of the pool.1.If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must abide by its rules.2.Even if you dislike ancient monuments,Warrick Castle is worth a visit.3.The cities were to be

19、deflated and the population distributed in villages.4.He gave a distorted account of what has happened.5.His speech fermented trouble among the workers.6.The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.7.If you strain the elastic band any more, it wi

20、ll break.8.The Egyptians inhabit an area equal to France and Spain combined.9.He is by no means considered to be a great explorer.10.It was a long time before scientists could penetrate the mystery of the atom.1.The speaker was a long way off the track.2.The new government tried to defuse the growin

21、g discontent of the people.3.The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.4.They were surprised to see the efficiency of the well-oiled military machine of that country.5.He was upset to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.6.It is fortunate when a young mans career goals coincide w

22、ith what his parents wish for him7.If the body is robbed this way for too long ,vital organs break down.8.If your car conks out on a turnpike, wait for assistance.9.My pencil is worn down to a stump.10.The waterfall has worn a hole in the stone.11.Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from fa

23、lling apart.12.His wife becomes more and more preoccupied with children.1.Artificial light is not to be compared with daylight for general use.2.To retrieve some data, one has to consult a computer.3.When the car hit the wall, the impact broke the windscreen.4.The problem is closely involved with th

24、e management of pastures.5.If you travel by jet plane ,Tokyo and Shanghai are virtually neighbors.6.There is no tangible evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countries.7.After 10 years efforts ,the farmers have turned the waste land into paddy fields.8.

25、He traveled with some British doctors who took short-term jobs abroad.9.Utter weariness overtook me one hour later.10.Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming that the weather is favorable.11.Stocks may boom today, but droop tomorrow.12.The mountains peak is dominant on the horizon.三，完形。Unit1The

26、 web magazine from even, as, that, won, annually, by, they, virtual, because, simply, across, still, exactly, concern, response, access, to, led, between, placeUnit2When you can e-mail viewed, almost, even, lower, means, reality ，become, like, grow, proving, status, afford, faced, necessarily, disci

27、plined, longer, own, schedule, talking, until.Unit3When 1998 began been, raise, spread out, dying of, began, caused, According to, up to, as, unusual, be linked to, of course, however, came into, ranging. Unit4 You may roughlyformer, among, purpose, for, serves, strengthened, official, majority, hea

28、vily, similar, extends, through, limits, adds, familiar, ways, and, ability, as, means.Unit5It is an astonishing quantitatively, make up, at least, unlikely, even if, greater than, common-sense, turn out to be, increases, in the direction of, complains, the Theory of Relativity, close to, so far as,

29、 not onlyUnit6 Philp s fatherreading, knowledge, because, to, came, imagine, taken, gazed, with, when, Once, in, and, used, thinking, memory, that, no, truly, humour.Unit7I have always dislike having to, means, without, yet, insists on, believing in, spends, to say, In a sense, while, implies, denie

30、s, hard, take up, was urged.Unit8Late next century be depicted, marvel at, suffering, beneath, as, when, enjoy, Nearly, from, before, so long, have not respected, used, than, announcing.Unit 9So, presence, forthmore, attend, signs,with, just, though, at, greenfor, read, raised, sometimes, statewhat,

31、 expected, refers, whereas, divorcedunit 10although important events oftenpromptly, only, one, till, worthamong, served, transferred, in which, passdesolate, because of, survive, dealt with, tothat, but, when , ended, containingWang Ming Dept. of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology

32、Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P. R. ChinaI am looking forward to hearing from youYours sincerely,署名（Signature）2 感謝信 當(dāng)別人幫了你一個忙時，你應(yīng)該給他寫封信，以示感激。 例文2 Dear John: Thank you very much for the nice birthday present you have sent me! I have been lonking for a dictionary for a long time. It will surly be ve

33、ry helpful to my study. Its very nice of you to remember my birthday. Ill make good use of the dictionaryIll think of you with gratitudeaffection every time I use it. Love, Sally 4 申請信 當(dāng)申請一項工作，或是申請一個學(xué)校留學(xué)時，都應(yīng)該使用申請信。申請信應(yīng)該簡潔、明確、如實地反映你的才能、成績、愿望和目標(biāo)。 例文4 8ttt8是一封申請留學(xué)的書信： The Department of Civil Engineerin

34、g Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P.R.China November 20,1999 Prof. Steeve Hunter The Dept. Of Civil Engineering * University New Your, NY 10017 U.S.A Dear Professor Steeve Hunter, I have for many years cherished the hope of studying civil engineering under your person

35、al guidance as a graduate student in your university, to which your name has added sodddttaaaluster. I was enrolled to study civil engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering Of Zhejiang University in September 1992.I graduated from Zhejiang University in July 1996. And ever since my graduati

36、on, I have been teaching in the Department of Civil Engineering of Dalian University of Technology. If you could tell the necessany procedure of taking the graduate course of your department, I will be very grateful to you. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours, Zhao Hui (手寫

37、) Zhao Hui （打?。?邀請信Dear Dr. Rodger:The English Department of Nankai University would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the annual conference to be held at the meeting room at eight oclock, Saturday morning, December the thirtieth, 1993.As you know, the department is inte

38、rested in the 20th century English literature Since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us.You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda.Cordially,詢問入學(xué)Dear Sirs, I wish to ent

39、er an Oxford college to read for an arts degree in history. I enclose a list of my qualifications, and you will see what I have been studying at Tuffs school for the last four years. I have, of course, no English examination qualifications. Could you kindly suggest which of the various colleges woul

40、d be most likely to receive my application so that I can apply to them individually? Yours truly, Li Ming投訴信Dear Sir,I am happy that the refrigerator we ordered last week has arrived on time. But it is a great pity that we find there is something wrong with the refrigeration facilities.After we used

41、 it for several days. we found that food stored in the refrigerating compartment turned bad quickly. When we finally decided to take the temperature in it, we were surprised to find it was around 15, far from the standard temperture range from 0 to 9.This problem has affected our normal life. Would

42、you please let me know whether or not you can send a repairman as soon as possible? I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.Yours faithfully,Li Ming抱怨服務(wù)質(zhì)量You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You went shopping one day and had received very bad service in a shop. You want to c