英語(yǔ)《英語(yǔ)句子成分及基本結(jié)構(gòu)》PPT課件教程文件

1、英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)句子成分及基本結(jié)構(gòu)PPT課件（二）（二）句子的具體成分句子的具體成分 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（subject)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。主體，一般位于句首。 1 The room is very clean. （名詞）（名詞） 2 We often speak English . （代詞）（代詞） 3 Eight is my lucky number. （數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞） 4 To teach them English is my job.=Its my job to teach them English. （不定式）（不定式） 5 Swimming is g

2、ood for our health. (動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞）名詞）謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(predicate) 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for

3、two weeks. He can speak English. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(predicative) 表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣是什么或怎么樣，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, turn ,look, sound, seem等）之后。等）之后。1 I am a teacher. （名詞）（名詞）2 I am ten. （數(shù)數(shù)詞）詞）3 He became rich and successful. （形（形容詞）容詞） 4 Everyone is here. （副副詞）詞）5 They are at home now. （ 介詞短語(yǔ)）介詞短語(yǔ)）6

4、 My job is to teach them English. （不定式不定式） 賓語(yǔ)(object) 賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞后物動(dòng)詞后 面。面。 1 He is playing the piano.（名詞）（名詞） 2 He often helps me.（代詞）（代詞） 3 He likes to watch TV. 4 He likes watching TV.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)中有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)的后面加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)的后面加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表

5、達(dá)完整的意思足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把我們把“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)表達(dá)稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)表達(dá)對(duì)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子的意思。對(duì)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子的意思。1 We called him Dongming.（名詞）（名詞）2 We saw him playing soccer.（現(xiàn)在（現(xiàn)在分詞）分詞）3 We saw him play soccer. (不定式不定式)4 We found math difficult.（形容詞形容詞）5 Mom makes me studying all day. （現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 修飾修飾名詞名詞或或代詞

6、代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)的詞、短語(yǔ)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：可由以下等成分表示： 1 She is a beautiful city.（形容詞） 2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代詞）（名詞） 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介詞短語(yǔ)） 4 I have something to say.( 不定式）狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆? Tom runs quickly.（副詞） 2 Tom did it carefully.（

7、副詞） 3 Tom is very tall. (程度副詞） 4 I get up at six every day. 5 I play soccer very well.狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下 1 We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）2 She didnt go to the party because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）3 Mr Smith lives in America.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）4 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）

8、5 He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）6 I am taller than he is.（比較狀語(yǔ)）同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如： We students should study hard. We all are students. Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.獨(dú)立成分 有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱(chēng)為句子獨(dú)立成分感嘆詞感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯

9、定詞肯定詞yes 否定詞否定詞no 稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)：mum, dad。 插入語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end情態(tài)詞情態(tài)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,actually實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法 1、按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑問(wèn)句

10、（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。1 He often reads English in the morning.2 Tom and Mike are American boys.3 She

11、 likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. He wants to go there but I dont hurry up, or you will be late. This house belongs to Mr.Smith；it costs millions of dollars. 3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句從句的句

12、子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句等。1 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall2 This is the book that I want.3 I think that he is right. 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 1 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：不及物動(dòng)詞：( 主謂主謂)1 We work.2 She came just now3 They went.常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞：常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞：come go work walk swim arri

13、ve stay laugh happen2 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(主系表)系動(dòng)詞一 be動(dòng)詞類(lèi)： am、 is 、are 、was 、were 二二 表示變化類(lèi)：表示變化類(lèi)：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、三三 感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi)感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi): look sound smell taste feel seem1 He is a student2 That sounds good.3 The apple tastes sweet4 They become rich.3主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(主謂賓）1 Henry bought a dictionary.2 Mike ate three

14、cakes3 She drew a beautiful picture.4、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+雙賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）直接賓語(yǔ)）1 My father bought me a car. =My father bought a car for me2 He gave me three yuan. =He gave three yuan to me初中階段常見(jiàn)的給予動(dòng)詞用法有：初中階段常見(jiàn)的給予動(dòng)詞用法有： bring/send/give/take通常加通常加 to sb. buy/make/cook/sing/draw通常加通常加 for sb.5、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）1 We made the baby laugh./happy.2 I heard him sing.3 I saw him dance. 4 I found the book interesting.5 We call him Tom.6 His father named him Tom.（叫，（叫，稱(chēng)呼）稱(chēng)呼）屬于賓語(yǔ)屬于賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有1 want sb to do