四川大學(xué)普通生物學(xué)考研名詞解釋

1、普通生物學(xué)（林宏輝版）名詞解釋44.MPF成熟促進(jìn)因子1.Chromatin染色質(zhì)45.Cyclin細(xì)胞周期蛋白2.ribozyme核酶46.Tumorsuppressorgene腫瘤抑制基因3.o-helix-螺旋47.Segregation分離4. (3-sheet新疊5. subunit業(yè)基48.Dominant/recessivecharacter顯性/隱形性狀6.prokaryoticcell原核細(xì)胞49.Recombination重組7.eukaryoticcell真核細(xì)胞50.Allele等位基因8.plasmid質(zhì)粒51.Incompletedominance不完全顯性9.pl

2、asmamembrane細(xì)月包質(zhì)膜52.Codominance共顯性10.passivetransport被動運輸53.Mosaicdominance嵌鑲顯性11.activetransport主動運輸54.Epistaticeffect上位作用12.simplediffusion簡單擴散55.Linkagemap基因連鎖圖13. plasmolysis質(zhì)壁分離14. facilitateddiffusion易化擴散56.Dosagecompensationeffect計量補償效應(yīng)15.co-transport協(xié)同運輸57.regulatorygene調(diào)節(jié)基因16.endocytosis胞吞作

3、用58.Promotor啟動子17.exocytosis胞吐作用59.Operator操縱基因18.plasmodesma月包間連絲60.Splitgene斷裂基因19.smooth/roughER光面/糙面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)61.exon外顯子20.lysosome溶酶體62.intron內(nèi)含子21.photosynthesis光合作用63.enhancer增強子22.mitochondrion線粒體64.terminator終止子23.cellularrespiration細(xì)胞呼吸65.insutator絕緣子24.ribosome核糖體66.overlappinggene重疊基因25.cytoske

4、leton細(xì)胞骨架67.centraldogma中心法貝U26.histone組蛋白68.reversetranscription27. celljunction細(xì)胞連接28. amitosis/mitosis無絲/有絲分裂69.semiconservativereplication半保留復(fù)制29.meiosis減數(shù)分裂70.DNApolymeraseDNA聚合酶30.cellcycle細(xì)胞周期71.transcription31.checkpoint檢驗點72.templatestrand模板鏈32.celldifferentiation細(xì)胞分化73.codingstrand鏈33.toti

5、potency細(xì)胞全能性74.degeneracy簡并性34.totipotentcell全能性細(xì)胞75.wobblehypothesis擺動假說35.stemcell干細(xì)胞76.operon操縱子36.oncogene癌基因77.repressor阻遏蛋白37.HayflicklimitationHayflick界限78.anttenuation弱化作用38.telomere端粒79.antisenceRNA反義RNA39.apoptosis細(xì)胞凋亡80.RNAinterferenceRNA干擾40. necrosis細(xì)胞壞死41. contractilering收縮環(huán)81.site-spe

6、cificrecombination位,電專性重組42.homologouschromosome同源染色體82.intergrativerecombination整合式重組43.synapsis聯(lián)會83.transposon轉(zhuǎn)座子84. genomics基因組學(xué)85. proteomics蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)86. mutation突變87. terminaldeficiency頂端缺失88. interstitialdeficiency中間缺失89. duplication重復(fù)90. inversion倒位91. translocation易位92. spontaneousmutation自發(fā)突變93

7、. inducedmutation誘發(fā)突變94. base-pairsubstitution堿基替換95. frameshiftmutation移碼突變96. deletionmutation缺失突變97. missensemutation錯意突變98. nonsensemutation無義突變99. neutralmutation中性突變100. silentmutation沉默突變101. spontaneouslesion自發(fā)損傷102. dynamicmutation動態(tài)突變103. sitespecificmutagenesisofgene基因定點突變104. excisionrep

8、air剪切修復(fù)105. recombinationrepair重組修復(fù)106. transcription-coupledrepair轉(zhuǎn)錄偶聯(lián)修復(fù)107. tranlesionsynthesis移損合成108. markerchromosome標(biāo)志染色體109. retrotransposition逆轉(zhuǎn)座110. geneengineering基因工程111. restrictionendonuclease限制性內(nèi)切酶112. palindrome回文序列113. ligase連接酶114. vector分子克隆載體115. plasmid質(zhì)粒116. genetictransformatio

9、n遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化117. transfection轉(zhuǎn)染118. competentcell感受態(tài)細(xì)胞119. transgeniccrop轉(zhuǎn)基因作物120. epigenetics表觀遺傳學(xué)121. bioreactor生物反應(yīng)器122. capsid衣殼123. viroid類病毒124. virino月元病毒125. nucleoid擬核126. lichen地衣127. bodycavity體腔128. coelom真體腔129. metamerism分節(jié)現(xiàn)象130. metamorphosis變態(tài)發(fā)育131. vessel導(dǎo)管132. sievetube篩管133. pollination傳

10、粉134. doublefertilization雙受精135. seedgermination種子萌發(fā)136. auxin生長素137. neuron神經(jīng)元138. homeostasis加急態(tài)139. sarcomere肌小節(jié)140. sinoatrialnode（SA結(jié)）竇房結(jié)141. cardiaccycle心動周期142. immunity免疫143. immuneresponse免疫反應(yīng)144. inflammatoryresponse炎癥反應(yīng)145. antigen抗原146. antibody抗體147. immunization免疫接種148. activeimmunizat

11、ion主動免疫149. vaccine疫苗150. vitalcapacity肺活量151. digestion消化152. absorption吸收153. shivering寒戰(zhàn)154. schwanncell施旺細(xì)胞155. ranviernode郎飛氏結(jié)156. restingpotential靜息電位157. depolarization去極化158. repolarization復(fù)極化159. neurotransmitter神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)160. tolerance耐受性161. lawoftolerance耐性定律162. population種群163. randomdistrib

12、ution隨機分布164. biodiversityhotspot生物多樣性熱點165. age-specificdeathrate特定年齡死亡率166. cohortlifetable動態(tài)生命表167. staticlifetable靜態(tài)生命表168. survivorshipcurve存活曲線169. intraspecificcompetition種內(nèi)競爭170. self-thinning自疏171. nataldispersal出生擴散172. discretegeneration離散世代173. intrinsicgrowthrate內(nèi)稟增長率174. logisticgrowth

13、邏輯斯諦增長175. ecologicalstrategy生態(tài)對策176. pulse-matchingstrategy脈沖匹配對策177. matepopulationmate種群178. community群落179. constructivespecies建群種180. rank-abundancecurve秩-多度曲線181. exploitationcompetition利用性競爭182. interferencecompetition干擾性競爭183. competitiveexclusionprinciple競爭排次原理184. niche生態(tài)位185. fundamentaln

14、iche基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)位186. realizedniche現(xiàn)實生態(tài)位187. coevolution協(xié)同進(jìn)化188. parasitism寄生189. keystonespecies冠石種190. mutualism共生191. intermediatedistributionhypothesis中度干擾假說192. succession演化193. ecologicalsuccession生態(tài)演替194. climaxcommunity頂級群落195. contingency生物-環(huán)境依耐性196. primaryproduction初級生產(chǎn)197. foodchain食物鏈陳增閱版名詞解釋19

15、8. biosphere生物圈199. irritability應(yīng)激性200. kingdom界201. phylum門202. class綱203. order目204. family科205. genus屬206. species種207. macromolecule生物大分子208. polymer多聚體209. denaturation蛋白質(zhì)的變性210. primarysuccession初級演替211. cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)212. biomembrane生物膜213. nuclearenvelope核膜214. nuclearlamina核纖層215. euchoromati

16、n常染色質(zhì)216. heterochromatin異染色質(zhì)217.218.chromosome染色體218. nuclearorganizer核仁組織者219. plastid質(zhì)體220. celljunctions細(xì)胞連結(jié)221. desmosome橋粒222. tightjunction緊密連結(jié)223. gapjunction間隙連結(jié)224. ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)225. competitioninhibit競爭性抑制226. homozygote純合子227. metabolism代謝228. potentialenergy勢能229. thermodynamics熱力學(xué)230.

17、entropy嫡231. freeenergy自由能232. activationenergy活化能233. activesite活性部位234. phagocytosis吞噬作用235. pinocytosis胞飲作用236. pigment色素237. respiratorychain電子傳遞鏈238. oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化239. chemiosmoticcouplinghypothesis化學(xué)滲透假說240. lightreaction光反應(yīng)241. Hillreaction希爾反應(yīng)242. photosyntheticmembrane光合膜243

18、. lightharvestingpigment捕光色素244. reactioncenterpigment反應(yīng)中心色素分子245. fluorescence&phosphorescence熒光與磷光246. photosystem光系統(tǒng)247. primaryelectrondonor原始電子供體248. primaryelectronacceptor初始原子供體249. photosyntheticelectrontransferchain光合電子傳遞鏈250. photosyntheticphosphorylation光合磷酸化251. uncoupler解偶聯(lián)劑252. car

19、bonreaction碳反應(yīng)253. CAMpathway景天科酸代謝途徑254. photorespiration光呼吸255. photosyntheticrate光合速率256. lightsaturationpoint光飽和點257. CQsaturationpoint二氧化碳飽和點258. vacuole液泡259. photoperiod光周期260. monoclonalantibody單克隆抗體261. chromatid染色單體262. centromere著絲粒263. kinetochore動粒264. equatorialplane赤道面265. primarycons

20、triction主縊痕266. sexchromosome性染色體267. autosome常染色體268. synaptonemalcomplex聯(lián)會復(fù)合體269. replicativesenescence復(fù)制性細(xì)胞衰老270. tissue組織271. organ器官272. system系統(tǒng)273. autotrophicnutrition自養(yǎng)274. heteotrophicnutrition異養(yǎng)275. digest消化276. absorption吸收277. bodyfluid體液278. intracelluardigestion胞內(nèi)消化279. extracelluardi

21、gestion胞外消化280. intracelluarfluid細(xì)胞內(nèi)液281. extracelluarfluid細(xì)胞外液282. cardiaccycle心動周期283. hypertension高血壓284. atherosclerosis粥樣動脈硬化285. respiration呼吸286. poikiothermicanimal變溫動物287. homeothermicanimal恒溫動物288. heterothermicanimal異溫動物289. immunity免疫290. humoralimmunity體液免疫291. cellularimmunity細(xì)胞免疫292.

22、complementsystem補體系統(tǒng)293. interferon干擾素294. antigen抗原295. antibody抗體296. hormone激素297. endocrine內(nèi)分泌298. synapse突觸299. reflex反射300. reflexarc反射弧301. receptors感受器302. adquatestimulus適宜刺激303. effectors效應(yīng)器304. sexualreproduction有性生殖305. asexualreproduction無性生殖306. fertilization受精307. parturition分娩308. st

23、erilization絕育309. abortion人工流產(chǎn)310. meristem分生組織311. primarygrowth初生組織312. cambium形成層313. vasculartissue維管組織314. casparianstrip凱氏帶315. annualring年輪316. carpel心皮317. pollination傳粉318. doublefertilization雙受精319. transpiration蒸騰作用320. essentialelement必需元素321. hydroponics水培法322. phototropism向光性323. phyto

24、chrome,PHY光敏色素324. photoperiod光周期325. character性狀326. relativecharacter相對性狀327. dominantcharacter&recessivecharacter顯性性狀與隱性性狀328. dominantgene顯性基因329. recessivegene隱性基因330. segregation性狀分離331.allele等位基因332. phenotype表型333. genotype基因型334. lawofsegregation基因分離定律335. testcross測交336. sex-linkedinhe

25、ritance伴性遺傳337. linkage連鎖338. gene基因339. transcription轉(zhuǎn)錄340. codon密碼子341. translation翻譯、342. centraldogma中心法則343. chromosomeaberration染色體畸變344. monosomy單體性345. trisomy三體性346. mutation基因突變347. geneexpresstion基因表達(dá)348. generegulation基因調(diào)控349. interruptedgene斷裂基因350. geneticengineering基因工程351. ploymerase

26、chainreaction,PCR聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)352. restrictionendonuclease限制性內(nèi)切核酸酶353. DNAligaseDNA連接酶354. reversetranscriptase反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶355. vector載體356. plasmid質(zhì)粒357. genelibrary基因文庫358. genetherapy基因治療359. genomics基因組學(xué)360. structuralgenomics結(jié)構(gòu)基因組學(xué)361. functionalgenomics功能基因組學(xué)362. monogenicdisorder單基因病363. polygenicdisease多基因遺傳病364. parapatricspeciation領(lǐng)地種形成365. sympatricspeciation異地種形成366. modernsynthesis現(xiàn)代綜合論367. neutraltheory中性理論368. punctuatedequilibria點斷平衡論369. macroevolution大進(jìn)化370. microevolution小進(jìn)化371. normalextinction常規(guī)絕滅372. massex