冀教版八年級(jí)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)60525

1、lesson11.What's the weather like today?這句是用來詢問天氣的一個(gè)常用句子，還可以說成：How is the weather?2.It will be snowy and hot today.snowy是形容詞，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名詞snow+y構(gòu)成，類似的詞還有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirdy;healthy;3.What's the temperature?問溫度是多少時(shí)，不用how manymuch，要用what4.I hope not.它的肯定形式為I hop

2、e so.類似的表達(dá)法有：I'm afraid so.I'm afraid not. I think soI don't think so.5.I'm scared of thunder.be scared of sb.sth.害怕某人或某物。這里scared 是過去分詞，作形容詞。如：I'm scared of wild animals.scare還可以作動(dòng)詞。如：You scared me.lesson21.What's the date today?It's March twenty-first.What's the dat

3、e?是用來詢問日期的一個(gè)常用句子，也可以說成：What is today's date?如果詢問星期要用What day is today?What day is it today?2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.become是系動(dòng)詞，與get一樣，常接形容詞作表語；與get不同的是它還可以接名詞作表語，表示身份的變化。應(yīng)為：成為。如：The days are becominggetting longer in summer. He became a lawyer in 1998.3.The temperature goes up! go

4、up意思是上升，與rise同義，與go down或set相反。如：the sun goes uprises in the east and goes downsets in the west.4.Thunder makes a loud noise.make a noise意思是發(fā)出聲響，吵鬧。如：The baby is sleeping.Don't make a noise.You shouldn't make a noise in class.lesson31.Spring has arrived in Shijiazhuang.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是到達(dá)。arr

5、ive in+大地點(diǎn)（國家、地區(qū)、城市）arrive at+小地點(diǎn)（學(xué)校、商店、車站、郵局等類似地點(diǎn)），地點(diǎn)為副詞時(shí)inat要省去。如：He arrived in Paris.The train arrived at the station.They arrived home early.reach表示到達(dá)時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，直接與到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)(n)連用。如：He reached Paris.The train reached the station.get to表示到達(dá)時(shí)，后跟副詞表示的地點(diǎn)時(shí)to要省去，如：He gets there on time.2.Every morning I see m

6、any people in the park exercising.see sb. doing sth.表示看見某人在做某事，如：Can you see them playing football over there?see sb. do sth.表示看見某人做過某事，如：I often see him play football on the playground.這樣的詞還有：hear;watch;notice等。3.The sun will set in about fifteen minutes.in是介詞，表示在.以后，用于將來時(shí)，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的名詞。此時(shí)，不能用after替

7、換in.如：He will be back in two days.They will finish the work in ten months.4.We won't see any flowers until May.not.until.意思是直到.才.。until可以作介詞或連詞。如：They didn't leave until they finished the work.He won't go to bed until 11 o'clock.5.Next month,maybe we will play in our shorts and Tshir

8、ts!in表示穿著，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服顏色的名詞，意思是穿著.顏色的衣服。如：The girl in the hat is my sister.They are playing in new clothes.Our teacher is in a red dress today.All of them are in black.lesson41.Weather is warming,. 這里warm是動(dòng)詞，意思是變暖，它也可用作形容詞，如：It's warm in spring.It's getting warmer day by day.2.one by one 一個(gè)接一

9、個(gè)地 如You can plant the seeds one by one .類似的詞語還有：year by year;day by day.3.See it bring the season's change.see sb.sth. do sth.看到某人或某事物做過某事，change這里是名詞，它也可以做動(dòng)詞，如：He changed his clothes.lesson51.Let's go cycling.go cycling =go to ride a bike去騎車。如：He often goes cycling on Sunday.let's do st

10、h.表示讓某人做某事 let's not do sth.讓某人不要做某事，如：Let's have a rest. Let's not go there.2.How about baseball,then?howwhat about+nprondoing sth.如：I like spring.How about you?What about a cup of coffee?How about opening the window?3.The ball always hits me on the head.hit sb. on the+身體部位，表示打在某人的某個(gè)部位，

11、如：He hit me on the head.He was so angry that he hit mary in the face.4.Shall we play soccer?Shall weI.?表示征求對(duì)方意見，可以.嗎；.好嗎。如：Shall we go swimming?Shall I sit here?lesson61.Danny is babysitting his cousin Debie at the playground.babysitting是雙寫t+ing而來的，這樣的詞還有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；

12、at the playground也可以說成inon the playground.2.Hold on,Debbie!hold on可以表示稍等，別掛斷；抓緊，如：Hold on a minute.He held on to the rope.3.Danny will push you.push這里是動(dòng)詞，意思是推，它也可以用作名詞.push sb.=give sb. a push.4.It's time to stop swinging,debbie.stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下來做某事；如：They stopped to smoke

13、a cigarette.I must stop smoking.When he saw his teacher on the street,he stopped to talk to her.All the students stopped talking when the teacher came in.5.Debbed gets off the swing.get off.意思是從.下來，通常指下火車、巴士、輪船、飛機(jī)等，反義詞組是get on.如：Don't get off the bus until it stops.They will get off the train in

14、 Beijing.上、下小汽車或電梯常用get intoout of.lesson71.I thought about it all day at school.think about 意思是思考，考慮，想起，想到.;如:I am thinking about my friend in the country.don't think about it anymore.2.I thought that it would be easy to babysit there.it在此代替后面的不等式to babysit there,作形式主語,如:It is interesting to cl

15、imb the hill.It is hard to answer the question.3.I was scared that she would hurt herself,but.herself是反身代詞,意思是她自己.當(dāng)主語和賓語指同一個(gè)人時(shí),賓語應(yīng)用反身代詞.如:She can look after herself.My mother taught herself English.反身代詞還可以作同位語,起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用.如:She can do it herself.=She herself can do it 4.My aunt and uncle had made sandw

16、iches for us to eat at the playground.make sth. for sb.=make sb. sth.意思是為某人制作某物.如:I will make a birthday cake for her.=I will make her a birthday cake.5.so was i.這是一個(gè)倒裝句.是由so+系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語,構(gòu)成.如:He is tall.So am I.They like chinese food.So do the two Englishmen.6.I helped her brush her teeth and clim

17、b into bed.help sb.(to)do sth.意思是幫助某人做某事,如:I often help my mother do the housework.He sometimes helps me study English.help sb. with sth.也能表示幫助某人做某事,但with后面跟名詞或人稱代詞賓格,上面的句子可改寫為:I often help my mother with the housework.He sometimes helps me with my English.lesson91.Would you like some markers?would

18、like意思是想要,后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不等式.如:I'd like a cup of tea.Would you like some bananas?I'd like to have another book.would like sb. to do sth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'd like me to help him with his maths.would you like sth.?用來表示邀請某人吃喝或用什么東西,它的答語為:Yes,please.No,thanks.would you like to do sth.?用來表示邀請某人做某事,它的

19、答語為:(yes),I'd likelove to.I'm afraid not.I'd love to ,but.等.2.Would you please lend me your green marker?would you please+動(dòng)詞原形?表示請你.好嗎?lend是借進(jìn),常用lend sth. to sb.其反義詞為borrow,常用borrow sth. from sb.,如He borrowed a car from his friend.He lent his bike to his neighbour.3.Don't forget to d

20、raw the sun.forget to do sth.意思是忘記去做某事,forget doing sth.意思是忘了做過某事,如:Don't forget to close the window before you beave. He forgot closing the window,so he went back to close it again. He forgot to turn off the light,so it was on the whole night.4.After you plant a plant in a pot,what do you do ne

21、xt?plant是一個(gè)兼類詞,既可以作動(dòng)詞,也可以作名詞.plant a plant表示種植物.類似的兼類詞還有:work;water;push等.lesson101.Flowers,leaves and stems grow above ground.Roots grow below ground.above是介詞,表示在.上方,比.還高.與below相反.如:The plane is flying above the clouds. Today's temperature is 10 degrees below zero.over是在.正上方,或覆蓋在.上面,如:There is

22、a lamp above the desk. There is a bridge over the river.2.Plants have flowers beause the flowers make seeds.because是連詞,表示因?yàn)?引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句.它不能和so連用,如:She didn't come to school because she was sick.=She was sick so she didn't come to school.3.The seeds of the rice plant feed billions of people.hund

23、red,thousand,million,billion等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí),用單數(shù)形式,直接修飾名詞;表示一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)的概念時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)形式,后面要與介詞of連用再接名詞.如:He has three hundred books. He has read hundreds of books.lesson111.You need to look after it.look after=take care of意思是照顧,如:I have to look after the baby. Can you look after yourself?2.Plants use sunlight to make f

24、ood.to make food是不定式,表示目的,如:Li Ming went to beijing to see his uncle.3.Gardens are full of plants.be full of.表示盛滿.,裝滿.如:The room is full of people. These bottles are full of water.4.In spring,people put covers over plants to keep them warm at night.cover用作動(dòng)詞意思是覆蓋,遮蓋,cover.with.表示用.把.覆蓋上,如:He covered

25、 his face with a scarf. be covered with.被.覆蓋著.如:The road is usually covered with snow.cover還可以用作名詞,表示覆蓋物,封面.如:The book needs a new cover.keep sb.sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài).如:We should keep our classroom clean. He likes doing things to keep himself busy. Let's keep the windows open.5.Windows are mad

26、e of glass.be made of .意思是由.制成,在制成的過程中原材料沒有發(fā)生質(zhì)的變化.be made from.意思是由.制成,在制成的過程中原材料發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化.如:My desk made of wood. Books are made of paper. Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from wheat.lesson121.One group sings the purple words ,and the other group sings the black words.one.,the other.意思是一個(gè).另一個(gè).,如

27、:She has two cats.One is white,the other is black.2.The prettiest plant.prettiest是pretty的最高級(jí),如:He is the tallest boy and she is the prettiest girl.3.That you ever did see.did see在此相當(dāng)于saw,did放在動(dòng)詞原形前起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用,如:She does study hard. I do like computer games. They did go to have a picnic yesterday.4.As t

28、he stem grows,it makes leaves.as 在本句中表示當(dāng).時(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句.如:He went out as I came in.lesson131.Trees help clean the air.It's pleasant to walk among the trees.pleasant,pleased都是形容詞,表示高興的,快樂的.pleasant常用來形容事物,而pleased常用來形容人,如:I am very pleased you've decided to come.among介詞,表示在.(三者以上)之間,between介詞,表示

29、在兩者之間.2.Donuts don't grow on trees.on trees=on the tree表示樹本身所有物在樹上;in the tree表示外來物在樹上;如:There are some birds in the tree. There are many apples on the tree.3.Then we can sit under a tree in the shade.in the shade是介詞短語,意思是在陰涼處.類似的短語有in the sun;in the light;4.All plants take energy from the sun a

30、nd make it into o.意思是把.制成.,如:We can make the tree into paper. We can make cotton into cloth.make還可以構(gòu)成如下短語be made offrombyin等5.Without food,they would have nothing to eat and they would die.without是介詞,意思是沒有,不,如He went to school without breakfast. He left without saying goodbye. Fish can&

31、#39;t live without water.lesson141.There are about eighty thousand different plants in the world that people can eat.that people can eat是定語從句,修飾plants,that是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,并代指plants,也可以用which來引導(dǎo).當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是人時(shí),可以用who,that,如 I like the present that you gave me. This is the most interesting book that I've

32、 ever read. The woman who is babysitting the baby is my aunt.2.But half of the world's food comes from only three plants:race,corn and wheat.half of. 意思是.中的一半,當(dāng)它所指代的是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),代表單數(shù).如果后面所接的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),那么它所代表的也是復(fù)數(shù)概念.如 Half of his money was spent on books. Half of the books here are in English. Half of t

33、he students in our class like math.all of.;a quarter of.和它類似.3.Doctors use medicine to help sick people.use.to do sth.意思是用.來做.,如 We use our feet and legs to walk.sick是形容詞,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定語和表語;ill也是形容詞,意思相同,但只能作表語;如 His mother was sickill in bed. There are many sick people in the doctor's waiting r

34、oom.4.Do you have a hat made of straw?made of straw是過去分詞短語作后置定語,表示被動(dòng);如 Do you know the boy named peter? This is the camera bought in japan.lesson151.I have a lot to write about today.to write 作后置定語,修飾a lot,表示沒有做,要去做的動(dòng)作.如 I have nothing to say. They found a room to live in. She has no pen to write wi

35、th.2.Now sth.new is growing at the top of the stem.sth.是不定代詞,應(yīng)看作第三人稱單數(shù).形容詞修飾它時(shí)應(yīng)作后置定語.如 Sth.is wrong with his computer. There is sth. important in today's newspaper.3.Later,the head will turn into wheat seeds.turn into. 意思是變成.如 Water can turn into o.意思是把.變成.,如 Heat turns water into va

36、por蒸汽.相關(guān)的短語有change into.,o.lesson171.She plays with me when I come home from school.play with.意思是與.玩,玩弄.如 Don't play with fire ,it's dangerous.2.I will keep him under my desk.keep的意思是使某人某物保持某種狀態(tài)或某地位.如 If your hands are cold,keep them in your pockets. These gloves will keep your han

37、ds warm. I'm sorry to keep you waiting. You can't keep ducks in the classroom.keep 還有飼養(yǎng).的意思,如 He keeps bees ,goats and hens on his farm.3.I will need to plant a tree in my bed room.在肯定句中動(dòng)詞need通常用作行為動(dòng)詞,如 They need to finish the project on time. You need to take an umbrella with you.在否定句和疑問句中,

38、need即可用作行為動(dòng)詞,也可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如 You needn't finish that work today.=You don't need to finish that work today. Do you need to go out?=Need you go out?need 還可以用作名詞,如 There is a great need for a new book on this subject. There is no deed for you to start yet.lesson181.He was talking to my mum.waswere+

39、doing是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.如 He wasn't watching the hamburgers at that time. He was cooking supper when I got home. lesson191.The zoo is open.open是形容詞,意思是開放的,可進(jìn)入的.如 This garden is open to the public.open還可以表示開著的,營業(yè)的,等.如 He slept in the room with the window open last night. The shop isn't o

40、pen on sundays. His coat was open. The cages are big and open.2.It has all kinds of animals.all kinds of 意思是各種各樣的,如 All kinds of plants were displayed.different kinds of.不同種類的.;a kind of .一種.;3.We'll need our caps to protect us from the tect sb.sth. againstfrom sth.意思是保護(hù)保衛(wèi)某人或某物不受.的侵害.如 I

41、was wearing a fur coat to protect myself from the cold. Winter wheat lying under snow is protected against the cold.4.Zoos can help people to stop animals from going extinct.stop sb. from doing sth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中from可以省去,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中from不可省去.如 Please don't stop him(from) playing basketball. He was

42、stopped from playing basketball. We all tried to stop him(from) smoking in bed.lesson201.I am at the zoo watching all the animals,I want to make friends with one today.at the zoo在動(dòng)物園,也可用作in the zoo.make friends with.表示與.交朋友.2.Throw some food to the ducks by the water.Stand so still while they waddle

43、 my way.by是介詞,意思是在.旁邊,在.附近.如:My house is by the river.still可以作形容詞,意思是靜止的,不動(dòng)的;如:Keep still while I comb your hair.Please stand still while I take your photograph.still還可以作副詞,意思是還,仍然,仍舊;如:He is still sleeping.The fist is still alive.while是連詞,意思是當(dāng).的時(shí)候;如:I met a friend while I was walking down the stree

44、t.3.I want an animal friend that likes to jumpand run,too.that likes to jump and run是定語從句,修飾先行詞an animal friend.被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞.先行詞是人時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常用that或whowhom;先行詞是事物時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常用that或which;關(guān)系詞在從句中除作狀語外,可以省去.如:Edison was a man who never gave up. She is the girl whom I met at the party.This is the ho

45、use where(=in which) I lived last year. I know the boy whose father is a teacher. The house which stands on the hill is mine.lesson211.They go through the entrance.through介詞,意思是(從.內(nèi)部)穿過.across指(從.表面上)橫過.如:I walked across the square to the museum. We walked through the forest.2.Maybe photos would sur

46、prise the animals.maybe意思是大概,或許.如:Maybe he doesn't know it's spring. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和系動(dòng)詞be一起也可以表示 可能是.的意思.如:You may be right. I can't find my watch.It may be in your pocket.3.Then don't take photos of me.take photos of sb.意思是 給某人照相.4.It's nearly no

47、on,and he's still sleeping.nearly是副詞,意思是 幾乎,差不多.如:Hurry up-it's nrarly time for school.nearly和almost都表示 幾乎,差不多.在多數(shù)情況下,兩者之間沒有什么差別.一般來說almost所表達(dá)的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修飾否定詞,但可被not修飾;而almost可以和否定詞連用.5.That's where we go out.where we go out.是表語從句,where是引導(dǎo)詞.這樣的詞還有:wh-,that,because等.如:Th

48、at's what he said.That's why I am so worried. The question is whether our parents will agree. The problem is which is heavier. She looked as if she were a doctor.lesson221.Let's play a joke on someone today.play a joke on sb.意思是 開某人的玩笑,戲弄某人.如:We all play a joke on him.have a joke with sb

49、.意思是 與某人一起開某人的玩笑.如:I stopped to have a joke with him.make a joke aboutof sb.sth.意思是 拿某人(事)開玩笑.如:Don't make a joke about himhis shortcomings.2.Let's tell Danny that the bear got out of the zoo.get out (of sth.)意思是 從.里出來.另外,這個(gè)短語還可以表示 出外走走.如 We love to get out into the countryside at weekends.Y

50、ou ought to get out of your house more.get out of sth.doing sth.意思是 逃避責(zé)任或義務(wù),不做份內(nèi)的事,（使某人）放棄、停止或戒除（習(xí)慣等）。如 I wish I could get out of going to that meeting. I can't get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.3.We heard it on the radio.onover the radio意思是 通過無線電廣播。類似的短語有 on the telephone;on

51、TV.4.There's a fierce bear ing為現(xiàn)在分詞，作bear的定語，有正在到來的意思，相當(dāng)于定語從句that is coming.如 There is a bag lying on the ground.There are some boys playing football over there.5.You are joking,aren't you?該句是反意疑問句。反意疑問句由兩部分組成。前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是簡短問句，中間用逗號(hào)隔開。前后兩部分遵循 兩個(gè)一致，一個(gè)相反 原則。如 The pen is yours,isn&#

52、39;t it? He isn't a doctor,is he? Your brother can swim,can't he? You don't study Chiese,do you? He never watches TV,does he?There won't be any meetings next week,will there?6.We tricked out you,Danny!trick是動(dòng)詞，意思是欺騙，欺詐。如 The young man tricked me out of 50 yuan.trick sb. out of +錢數(shù)。表示

53、騙取某人多少錢。lesson231.One of the world's first zoos was in Egypt,about 3500 years ago.ago作副詞表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前；before作副詞可表示從過去某一刻算起的以前。如 I met him three days ago. I said I had met him three days before.before后接 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。如 She got to the office before five o'clock. We hope to get home before six o'

54、;clock.2.No other people could go.no other people可以說成nobody else.如 Nobody else could go there except kings,queens and important people.3.Egypt is famous for its pyramids.be famouswell-known for意思是 以.著名;以.聞名.如 France is famous for its food and wine.The place is fomous for its hot springs.be famous as

55、.意思是 作為.職業(yè)身份而著名.如 He is famous as a writer.4.People went to the zoo to learn about animals.to learn about animals是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語.如 He came to give us a talk yesterday. I went to the park to breathe the fresh air.5.Zoos are the only places that some kinds of animals live in.that some kinds of animals liv

56、e in是定語從句,修飾先行詞the only places.由于先行詞前有only,所以關(guān)系詞只能用that.lesson251.I fill a jar with water.fill.with.意思是 用.裝滿. be filled with.=be full of.意思是 充滿.如 On hearing the news,her eyes are filled with tears. They filled the hole with water.fill in. 意思是 填上.;填充.;如 Fill in the blanks.2.Then,I turn the jar upside

57、 down.upside down意思是 向下翻轉(zhuǎn)過來 如 That picture is upside down.You hold the book upside down.right side up 意思是 正面朝上.3.I think the floor will get wet.get作系動(dòng)詞,意思是 變得 ,后跟形容詞作表語.如 The day gets longer in spring.與get相關(guān)的詞組有:get alongon(well) with.與.(和睦)相處.如 I am getting alongon well with my classmates.get away

58、from.意思是 逃跑.如The thief got away from the police.get back意思是 返回;要回或拿回.如 After a long holiday,he had to get back to work.Please get the book back for me.get into.意思是 上車.如 He got into the car.get off.意思是 下車;從.下來.如 He got off the train.get up意思是 起床;起身;站起.如 He suddenly got up from the chair.I usually get up at six in the morning.get together意思是