選修八第五單元閱讀課

1、ReadingWhat is it?Pre-readingPossible answer Zhoukoudian is a relic of primitive culture, 48 kilometers southwest of downtown Beijing, where Longgushan (dragon skeleton mountain) is standing. Several decades ago, local farmers Tell what you have known about Zhoukoudian Caves. mined lime-stone in Zho

2、ukoudian, came upon some bone fossils and called them “the Dragon Bones”. Zhoukoudian became known as “Dragon Bone Mountain”. Drugstores purchased the bones as a medical ingredient. The news about the “magic bones” drew attention of scientists. In 1929 these lime-stone caves became world famous with

3、 the discovery of a skull and two teeth dating back 200,000 to 500,000 years. They were named Peking Man. But the fossils were lost during World War II. Many of the implements used by those early humans, and bones of animals they hunted are on display at a museum near the site of the discovery. With

4、 the steadily increased number of visitors from all over the world, Zhoukoudian has become a scenic spot of Beijing. Now read the dialogue aloud please. Tell the 3 topics that the archaeologist talked about.SkimmingStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Life in the caveWhat we can learn from a needleWhat we can learn

5、 from a necklace Read the text again and get the main idea of the dialogue and then write down the three ways in which the life of early people differs from modern ones.ScanningHomesToolsDressCaves, perhaps with skins to keep out the coldScrapers, axe-heads, bone needlesAnimal skins sewn together wi

6、th needles and thread, necklacesRelicsDescriptions of the relicsConclusionsCaves Human and animal bones, tools and ornaments in those caves.Early people lived in the caves.They used fire to keep warm, cook food and _ wild animals away. They might have kept the fire _ all winterscareburningCareful re

7、adingI. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.RelicsDescriptions of the relicsConclusionsCaves Fireplaces inthe centre of the caves_ of ash almost six metres thickNo doorsThey might have hung animal _ at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.Tigers and bears might have been their most dangero

8、us enemies.LayersskinsRelicsDescriptions of the relicsConclusionsA needle At most three centimetres longMade of _.Perhaps they cut animal skins andsewed the pieces together to make _. A necklace Made of animal bones and shells There was _ between them or they travelled to the _ on their journeys. bo

9、neclothestradeseaside 1. Why have the English students come to the Zhoukoudian caves? The students want to find out about how early people lived. There are no such sites in England while the Zhoukoudian caves provide an excellent example of a site where early people lived. II. Answer the following q

10、uestions after a careful reading. 3. How did they keep warm? They constructed the fires in the center of the caves to keep them warm. They might have kept fires burning all winter. They hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold. 2. Where did early people live? Early people lived in ca

11、ves.4. What did they use for doors? The archaeologist thinks they may have used animal skins.5. What did they eat? They ate animal meat, such as tigers and bears, and fish from the lake nearby. They also picked fruit when it was ripe.6. What animals were their most dangerous enemies? Tigers and bear

12、s were their most dangerous enemies. Their clothes were made from animal skins. They used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers were used to clean the fat and meat from them. They had to rub an ample amount of salt inside the skin to make it soft en

13、ough. Finally, they would have cut it and sewn the pieces together with needles made of animal bones.7. How did they make clothes? Some of the necklace beads were made of animal bones but some were made of shells, which tell us that all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.

14、 Perhaps there was trade between early people or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.8. What can we learn from the necklace they wore?9. What did the earliest people use fire for? They used fire to keep them warm, cook the food and scare the animals.10. Whats the main idea of the text? A

15、brief introduction of the life and habits of the earliest people in Zhoukoudian.1. Where do the caves lie? A. In the forest. B. On the seaside. C. At the foot of the hill. D. Higher up the hill.2. Which of the following is the correct order about how early people made clothes? a. clean the fat and m

16、eat from the skin b. cut up the animals c. rub salt inside the skin d. remove the skin e. sew the pieces together A. b-d-c-a-e B. b-d-a-c-e C. b-a-d-c-e D. b-a-c-d-e3. Which of the following shows us the earliest people and the modern people have something in common? A. People hung animal skins to k

17、eep out the cold B. People never grew their own crops C. People use science D. People care about their appearance4. What can we infer from the sentences- “This one looks very like a fish bone. Is it reasonable? -Yes indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to

18、be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.”? A. Being an archaeologist needs a wide range of knowledge. B. A lake is not the sea. C. People can identify the fish by the colour. D. A fish bone can be made into a necklace.Modern people Peking ManAccuracyPlace for livingStone, woo

19、den or brick house. CaveVery accurate Compare modern people and Peking man, and finish the following form.Modern people Peking ManAccuracyFurni-tureWooden, special for each roomfireplace AccurateModern people Peking ManAccuracyEntertain-mentTV, sport, films, hobbies, education, job Meals together In

20、accurateModern people Peking ManAccuracyFoodFruit, vegetables, meat and fish, etc. Meat, fish, berries and fruit in season AccurateModern people Peking ManAccuracyClothingNatural and man-made fibres. skins, leaves Accurate 1. alternative n something that you can choose to do or use instead of someth

21、ing else 替換物替換物 There are some alternatives to our plan. 有幾種方案可以代替我們的計(jì)劃。有幾種方案可以代替我們的計(jì)劃。Explanation2. You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你們知道想必你們知道, 正是在這兒我們找到正是在這兒我們找到 了居住在世界這個(gè)部分最早人類的證據(jù)。了居住在世界這個(gè)部分最早人類的證據(jù)。 He had

22、 no alternative but to go there alone. 他別無選擇他別無選擇, 只好一個(gè)人去那兒。只好一個(gè)人去那兒。 a. You must be aware that主句后接由強(qiáng)主句后接由強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句組成的賓語從句。調(diào)句和定語從句組成的賓語從句。 must是作為情態(tài)動詞表示肯定推測是作為情態(tài)動詞表示肯定推測, 譯譯作作“一一 定定, 肯定肯定”。只用于肯定推測。只用于肯定推測。 對對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)推測，用現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)推測，用 “must do”。 You must be hungry after a long walk 走了很長的路走了很長的路, 你一定很餓。你一

23、定很餓。 對正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測對正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測, 用用“must be doing”。 The light is on. He must be doing his homework now 燈亮著燈亮著, 他一定正在做作業(yè)。他一定正在做作業(yè)。 對過去的事進(jìn)行推測對過去的事進(jìn)行推測, 用用“must have done”。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是濕的地是濕的, 昨晚一定下雨了。昨晚一定下雨了。 此時(shí)此時(shí), 應(yīng)注意反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。如果句應(yīng)注意反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。如果句中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語中有表示過

24、去的時(shí)間狀語, 反意疑問句用反意疑問句用“didnt+主語主語”; 如果句中無表示過去的時(shí)如果句中無表示過去的時(shí)間狀語間狀語, 反義疑問句用反義疑問句用 “havent/hasnt+主主語語”。 He must have arrived here last night, didnt he? 他一定昨晚就來這兒了他一定昨晚就來這兒了, 不是嗎不是嗎? He must have arrived here, hasnt he? 他一定來這兒了他一定來這兒了, 不是嗎不是嗎? b. aware adj意識到的意識到的, 知道的。通常用知道的。通常用作表語作表語。 We should be aware

25、that a lot of animals are becoming endangered 我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識到許多動物正瀕臨滅我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識到許多動物正瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。絕的危險(xiǎn)。 be aware of sth. 知道；意識到知道；意識到 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they wont given up. c. its here that we 是強(qiáng)調(diào)句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其基本句其基本句式是式是It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子其他部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限句子其他部分。此

26、結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語于主語,賓語和狀語。賓語和狀語。 It was your mother whom I met in the street 我在街上碰到的是你的母親。我在街上碰到的是你的母親。 It was in the street that I met your mother. 我是在街上碰到你母親的。我是在街上碰到你母親的。 It was she who had been wrong. 錯(cuò)的是她。錯(cuò)的是她。 It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. (2005天津高考天津高考) A. that B. what C.

27、which D. this 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語, 此時(shí)應(yīng)用此時(shí)應(yīng)用that來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。 d. “Who lived in this part of the world”是定語從句修飾先行詞是定語從句修飾先行詞 people。people在定語從句作主語在定語從句作主語, 故用關(guān)系代詞故用關(guān)系代詞who來來引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。3. We have been excavating here for many years and . 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) have been doing 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進(jìn)行的動作，時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止一直在進(jìn)行的動作，這個(gè)動作

28、可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了。這個(gè)動作可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了?？祭祭?Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine school, where she _ English for a year.(湖南湖南2007)A. studies B. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 根據(jù)句子提供的時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語根據(jù)句子提供的時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語for a year選選D。此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一年以來她一直在學(xué)英語。表示一年以來她

29、一直在學(xué)英語。4. Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 很抱歉打擾你很抱歉打擾你, 我想問問他們是怎么我想問問他們是怎么在這里生活的？在這里生活的？ 句型句型“Im sorry.but.”是口語中委婉的是口語中委婉的表達(dá)表達(dá), “but”表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。 Are you free this weekend? Im sorry, but l have lots of work to do - 周末有空嗎周末有空嗎? - 對不起對不起, 我有大量的事要做。我有大量的事要做。2) 打岔打岔; 插嘴插嘴It

30、 is rude to interrupt. “Dont interrupt,” he said.1)阻斷阻斷, 中斷中斷 His studies were interrupted by the war Dont interrupt him, for he hasnt finished yet. interrupt v. 打擾，打斷，阻礙。常有打擾，打斷，阻礙。常有 “使使停止停止(中斷中斷)”的意思。的意思。 His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. disturb v. 打擾打擾, 妨礙。常指失去了正常妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態(tài)或

31、導(dǎo)致困難產(chǎn)生。的狀態(tài)或?qū)е吕щy產(chǎn)生。 Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.區(qū)別區(qū)別: interrupt 和和disturb5. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. 我們在山我們在山的比較高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動物和人類的的比較高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動物和人類的骨頭以及工具和其他物品。骨頭以及工具和其他物品。as well as 1) conj. as well as 可以用來連接兩個(gè)相可以用來連接兩個(gè)相

32、同的成分同的成分, 如名詞如名詞, 形容詞形容詞, 動詞動詞, 介詞介詞, 通通常不位于句首。意為常不位于句首。意為“不但不但.而且而且”。2) prep. 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于besides, in addition to，意為意為“除除.之外之外”, 后面通常接名詞或后面通常接名詞或動詞。動詞。As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine.She sings as well as playing the piano. Helen as well as I is eager to see the perform

33、ance. 6. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold 因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在這些洞穴里。這些洞穴里。 assume vt. 1) to think that something is true although you have no proof of it 假定：假定： 設(shè)想設(shè)想 The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon 科學(xué)家設(shè)

34、想月球上沒有動物。科學(xué)家設(shè)想月球上沒有動物。 2) to pretend 裝作裝作 She assumed a look of surprise 她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。 regardless of prep. 1) without being affected by different situations, problems, etc. 不管不管; 不顧不顧 He climbed the building, regardless of the danger 不管有多危險(xiǎn)不管有多危險(xiǎn), 他還是爬上了大廈。他還是爬上了大廈。 2) in spite of We will p

35、ersevere regardless of past failures. 盡管以前我們失敗過盡管以前我們失敗過, 但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。7. It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) might have done是是“情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ have done”，表示對過去情況的推測。，表示對過去情況的推測。此外，此外，“must / can / could / may + have done”也表示對過去發(fā)生的事

36、情或情況也表示對過去發(fā)生的事情或情況的推測。的推測。考例考例 Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. (江西江西07)A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知是對可知是對過去情況的推測，排除過去情況的推測，排除A、C; 根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意“你可能是放錯(cuò)了地方你可能是放錯(cuò)了地方”選選D。B項(xiàng)中的項(xiàng)中的should have

37、done 表示表示“本應(yīng)該做某事本應(yīng)該做某事, 但實(shí)際上未做但實(shí)際上未做”。 2) in spite of We will persevere regardless of past failures. 盡管以前我們失敗過盡管以前我們失敗過, 但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。 8. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. 他們用這火取暖、做飯他們用這火取暖、做飯, 還能用火嚇還能用火嚇跑野獸。跑野獸。 1) would 表示猜測表示猜測, 譯為譯為 “想想必必”、“肯

38、定會肯定會”。2) keep them warm為為keep+賓語賓語+賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)意為補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)意為 “使使.處于某種狀處于某種狀態(tài)（情況）態(tài)（情況）”。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞以及介詞短語。詞以及介詞短語。 He kept me waiting for half an hour. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 9. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, w

39、hich suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰, 幾乎有六幾乎有六米厚米厚, 這說明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。這說明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。 a. “have been excavating”是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí), 表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的繼續(xù)。動作的繼續(xù)。 I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still h

40、avent found it 我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書, 但仍沒找到。但仍沒找到。 b. 句中句中 “ which” 用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句從句, 先行詞為其前的句子。先行詞為其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意為意為“暗示暗示, 意味意味, 表明表明” Her pale face suggests that she was ill. 她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。 The handwriting of the letter suggests that th

41、e letter might be from a lady 從書信的字體上看從書信的字體上看, 寫信人是一位女性。寫信人是一位女性。A silence that suggested disapproval.沉默暗示著反對。沉默暗示著反對。His face suggest she is happy now 從他臉上能看出他現(xiàn)在很幸福。從他臉上能看出他現(xiàn)在很幸福。His bad manners suggest a lack of family education他的無禮反映了他缺乏家教。他的無禮反映了他缺乏家教。 但當(dāng)?shù)?dāng)suggest作作“建議建議”講時(shí)講時(shí), 其用法為其用法為: (+doing

42、) I suggest her going home at once 我建議她馬上回家。我建議她馬上回家。 +(that) should doI suggested (that) she (should) go home at once我建議她要馬上回家。我建議她要馬上回家。-How do you _we go to Beijing for our holidays?-I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. A. insist B. wantC. suppose D. suggest A: 你姐姐上哪兒去了你姐姐上哪兒去

43、了? 聚會時(shí)我沒見到她。聚會時(shí)我沒見到她。 B: 她可能和朋友游泳去了。她可能和朋友游泳去了。 d. might have doneA: Where was your sister? I didnt see her at the partyB: She might have gone swimming with some friends10. Yes and so well preserved還保存得如此完好。還保存得如此完好。這是省略的句子這是省略的句子, 完整句應(yīng)是完整句應(yīng)是: and it is so well preserved (it指指necklace)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) preserve保存；保持。保存；保持?？祭祭?At minus 130, a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. (上海上海2007)A. spar