核心詞匯突破系列課程第一節(jié)(高三版)

1、 核心詞匯突破系列課程第一節(jié)關(guān)于教育的目的、學(xué)校1. consist /ability /continue /failure /discourageSuccess consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures, so we shouldnt get discouraged right after failures.(2014福建寫作)Consistkn'sst verb consist in sth formal 在于，存在于The beauty of air

2、travel consists in its speed and ease.乘飛機(jī)旅行的好處在于快捷、舒適。+ -ing verb For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.對她來說，幸福就是看電視和讀雜志。Virtue consists in being good.Correct English consists in the correct use of words and phrases。consist of

3、0;sth由組成，由構(gòu)成；包含The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.該隊由四個歐洲人和兩個美國人組成。It's a simple dish to prepare, consisting mainly of rice and vegetables.這道菜很容易做，主料是米飯和蔬菜。特別：consist in 以為基本特色：his poetry consisted in the use of emotive language.他的詩作以充滿感情的語言為特色。consist

4、 entirely of sb / sthThe area does not consist entirely of rich people, despite popular belief.   這個地區(qū)并非全都住著富人，盡管大家都認(rèn)為如此。Ability UK 'bl.ti US -.ti noun countable or uncountable （體力或智力方面的）能力；才能，才智There's no doubting her ability.她的能力毋

5、庸置疑。+ to infinitive She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.她有能力簡單扼要地把事情解釋清楚。She's a woman of considerable abilities.她是個非常有才干的女性。-The public never had faith in his ability to handle the job.公眾從來不相信他有能力勝任這一職位。He has the ability 

6、;to bring out the best in others.他能做到揚(yáng)人之長。- I admire people who have the ability of being positive.I admire people who have the ability to be positive. Imagination is the ability of making up pictures in your mind. Imagination is the ability to make up pictures in

7、your mind. The ability of speaking English has become extremely important. The ability to speak English has become extremely important.Continue/kntnju/ verb 1. I/Tt（使）繼續(xù)continue doing sthHe continued typing while he spoke. 他一邊說話，一邊不停地打字+withShe decid

8、ed to continue with her studies for another two years. 她決定再用兩年時間繼續(xù)自己的學(xué)業(yè)。continue to do sthThe rain continued to pour down all afternoon. 整個下午傾盆大雨下個不停。+ to infinitive It's said that as the boat went down the band continued to play.據(jù)說，船沈時樂隊仍在繼續(xù)演奏。+ -ing verb If s

9、he continues drinking like that, I'll have to carry her home.如果她再繼續(xù)那樣喝下去，我就只好把她扛回家去了。Do you intend to continue (with) your studies?你打算繼續(xù)你的學(xué)業(yè)嗎？FailureUK 'fe.ljr US -lj noun失??；失敗的人（或事）The meeting was a complete/total failure.這次會議是徹頭徹尾

10、的失敗。I'm a bit of a failure at making (= I cannot make) cakes.我做蛋糕做得比較失敗。I feel such a failure (= so unsuccessful).我覺得自己太失敗了。Their attempt to climb the Eiger ended in failure.他們攀登艾格峰的嘗試以失敗告終。未履行；沒做到His failure to return her phone call told he

11、r that something was wrong.他沒給她回電話，這使她覺得有些事情不對頭。故障；失靈；衰退；衰竭He died of heart/liver failure.他死于心臟肝功能衰竭。After three crop failures in a row, the people face starvation.連續(xù)三年莊稼歉收，老百姓面臨饑荒。end/result in failureTheir first attempt to climb Everest ended in failure. 他們首次攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的努力以失敗告

12、終。failure to do sthShe is depressed by her continued failure to find a job. 她對求職連續(xù)失敗感到沮喪。She had to admit that it had all been a total failure. 她不得不承認(rèn)它是個完全的失敗。discouraged/dskrdd/ He sounded discouraged by the lack of progress in the talks. 聽起來他對會談沒有進(jìn)展感到沮喪。I think he felt discouraged&#

13、160;because of all the criticism he'd received.我覺得他挨了那么多批評已經(jīng)心灰意冷了.The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her.一想到還有那么多工作得做她就泄了氣。I don't want to discourage you, but I don't think it's such a good idea我不想打擊你, 但我覺得這不是一個好主意2. summary/make/reality/secret/lie in/re

14、spect/pupilIn summary, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emersons words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”(2013.浙江閱讀D)Summary 'sm.r.i  noun 總結(jié)，概要，摘要At the end of the news, they often give you a summary of the main news stori

15、es.在新聞結(jié)束的時候，他們常常會總結(jié)一下主要的新聞內(nèi)容。What follows is a brief summary of the process.接下來是對此流程的一個簡短概括。Make 成為，變?yōu)镮 don't think he will ever make a (good) lawyer.我認(rèn)為他不能夠當(dāng)（好）律師。He's a competent enough officer, but I doubt he'll ever make general.他是個很能干的軍官，但我懷疑他能否成為將軍。It&

16、#39;s a story that would make a great film.這是個能用來拍好電影的故事。She decided the back room would make a good study.她認(rèn)為后面的房間很適合用作書房。Champagne and caviar make a wonderful combination.香檳和魚子醬搭配起來棒極了。The story makes fascinating reading.這個故事讀起來很精彩。make有一個很常用的意義：“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。ma

17、ke的賓語之后可以跟名語、形容詞、分詞等，來充當(dāng)賓語的補(bǔ)足語。下面僅舉兩個用分詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的例句。1. I made myself understood by all the students in the lower grades.我讓低年級的學(xué)生全部聽懂了我的話。2. You must make yourself respected.你必須使你自己受到別人的尊敬。 (A) She made him a good husband.(B) She made him a good wife.請問，這兩個句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上有什么區(qū)別?【答】 這是兩個完全不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。在句(A)中，make是

18、及物動詞，作“使成為”、“培養(yǎng)成為”解。例如The party has made him a staunch communist.(黨把他培養(yǎng)成為堅強(qiáng)的共產(chǎn)主義者)。這種句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主+謂+直賓+賓補(bǔ)(him為賓語，a good husband為賓語補(bǔ)足語)。與句(A)相對應(yīng)的被動句為：He was made a good husband.而在句(B)中，make是不及物動詞，作“成為”解，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主+謂+間賓+主補(bǔ)。句(B)的意思相當(dāng)于：She was a good wifeto him.(她成了他的好妻子。)Pupil'pju:.pl noun counta

19、ble  學(xué)生 （尤指）小學(xué)生a second-year pupil小學(xué)二年級學(xué)生a primary-school pupil小學(xué)生There is a very relaxed atmosphere between staff and pupils at the school.這所學(xué)校師生之間的氣氛很輕松。Her school report described her as a very promising pupil.她在成績單中被描述成一個非常有前途的學(xué)生。Secret'si:.krt no

20、un  秘密Why did you have to go and tell Bob about my illness? You just can't keep a secret, can you?你為甚么一定要跑去把我生病的事告訴鮑勃？你就是不能保守秘密，是嗎？1Please keep it secret (from him) 和 Please keep it a secret (from him) 都可以說，都作“請把這件事對他保守秘密”解。2比較下面兩句： He has told me about th

21、e matter in secret. （他秘密地告訴了我這件事。） He says he is in the secret. （他說他知道這秘密是局內(nèi)人。）lie in1. 在能力以內(nèi) * I have done everything that lies in my power. 我已盡了最大努力。 2.集中于；在于；存在于 * All their hopes lie in him. 他們把一切希望都寄托在他身上。 * The chief difficulty lies in finding

22、a good opportunity. 主要困難在于找到一個好時機(jī)。 * His chief attraction lies in his character, not his looks. 他的魅力在于他的性格，而不是外貌。 3. 睡懶覺 * You ought to lie in tomorrow and catch up on your sleep. 你明天應(yīng)當(dāng)晚起，把你所缺的覺補(bǔ)上。 * She never lies in, even on Sunday mornings. 她從不睡懶覺，即使星期天早上也如此。Res

23、pectr'spekt noun 欽佩; 考慮；顧及；重視New teachers have to earn/gain the respect of their students.新教師必須要贏得學(xué)生的尊重。She grumbled that young people today have/show no respect for the law.她抱怨說現(xiàn)在的年輕人漠視法律。They had instilled in him a respect for hi

24、s traditional culture. 他們逐步培養(yǎng)他關(guān)心傳統(tǒng)文化的習(xí)慣。You really should treat your parents with more respect.你待你父母真應(yīng)該多幾分尊重。This proposal differs from the last one in many important respects/one important respect.本提案在很多重要的方面在一個重要的方面與上一提案不同。to respect someone's feelings尊重別人的感情

25、We should respect the environment and not pollute it.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)善待環(huán)境，不去污染它。realityUK ri'æl.ti US -.ti noun 現(xiàn)實；實際情況  事實；真實 He escaped from reality by going to the cinema every afternoon.他每天下午都去電影院看電影，借此來逃避現(xiàn)實。He seemed very young, but he was

26、0;in reality (= in fact) older than all of us.他看上去很年輕，可實際上他比我們所有人年齡都大。Her childhood ambition became a reality (= happened in fact) when she was made a judge.她被任命為法官，兒時的抱負(fù)終于成為了現(xiàn)實。the reality is that The reality is that young people will not go into teaching until salarie

27、s are higher. 實際情況是，只有薪水上漲年輕人才會去當(dāng)教師。face (up to)/accept realityWhat she had to do, finally, was face reality. 她最終要做的就是面對現(xiàn)實。3. reasonable/evidently/ignore/rarely/particularlyIt sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable.

28、 (2013.浙江閱讀D)Reasonable'ri:.zn.bl adjective 合情理的；講道理的；公平的If you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand - he's a reasonable man.如果你把發(fā)生的事情說給他聽，我相信他肯定會理解的他是個通情達(dá)理的人?？梢越邮艿?；合意的；尚好的We had a reasonable journey.我們?nèi)チ艘淮尾诲e的旅行。We have a strong team and a&#

29、160;reasonable chance of winning the game.我們隊很有實力，相當(dāng)有把握贏出比賽。Evidently    (to sb) (that.) |  (in / from sth) 清楚的；顯而易見的；顯然的   SYN  obvious :   It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.    我們已經(jīng)

30、清楚出了差錯。 The growing popularity of the subject is evident in the numbers of students wanting to study it.從想修讀的學(xué)生人數(shù)中可以明顯看出這門課程越來越受歡迎。   The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.    從參觀博物館和鄉(xiāng)村住宅

31、的人數(shù)明顯看出人們對歷史越來越感興趣。 據(jù)說He had an accident and evidently he was driving at excessive speed.他出了交通意外，據(jù)說事發(fā)時他超速駕駛。Ignore故意對知道的事置之不理:   You can't ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison.   你不能對很多罪犯從未蹲過監(jiān)獄這件事熟視無睹。   prob

32、lems which we can't afford to ignore   我們不能置之不理的問題ignore, be ignorant of, not know:  ignore 是指對某事視而不見、聽而不聞或故意不予理睬: 不要用 ignore 指不知道某事，而要用 not know:    We don't know how famous people live their lives (NOT We ignore how famous people live

33、their lives).   我們不知道名人是如何生活的。 尤其當(dāng)你應(yīng)該知道某事而又不知情時也可以說 you are ignorant of something:   They seem to be ignorant of the dangers involved.   他們似乎對其中的危險毫不知情。 'g.nr.nt US -n- adjective 無知的，愚昧的Many teenagers are surprisingly

34、0;ignorant about current politics.許多青少年對時事政治無知得讓人吃驚。Rarely 're.li US 'rer- adverb 很少；不常見；難得I rarely have time to read a newspaper.我難得有時間看報。 Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.如此美麗的日落景象我真是難得一見。Rarely has a debate attracted so much

35、 media attention.    難得有一場辯論吸引這么多的媒體關(guān)注。particularlyin particular=particularly，意思跟 in general（=generally）相反，用在名詞后面，在語法上雖然是副詞，在意思上卻有形容詞的性質(zhì)。例如：I like to study language in general and English in particular.the particular 具體情況，詳情，細(xì)節(jié)The report focuses on the particular&#

36、160;rather than the general and so doesn't draw any overall conclusions.這份報道著重詳細(xì)情況，而非整體概貌，所以沒有作出總體結(jié)論。particular講究的；苛求的，挑剔的He's very particular about the kitchen - everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.他對廚房非常挑剔每樣?xùn)|西都必須一塵不染，物歸原位。She's very particular 

37、;about what she eats.她對吃的非常挑剔。4. serve as/force/motivate/command/knowledgeTests serve as a driving force motivating students to word hard and to get a good command of knowledge. 考試可以當(dāng)作激勵學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)和牢固掌握知識的推動力。serve as work as 充當(dāng) * Let those who can serve as teachers. 能者為師。 * It m

38、ay serve as teaching material by negative example. 它可以作反面教材。Serve UK s:v US s:v verb 工作  （為）工作；（為）服務(wù)；盡職責(zé)He served in the army in India for twenty years.他在印度服了20年兵役。Are you being served, madam?女士，有服務(wù)員招待您嗎？有助于實現(xiàn)；（對）有用The minister said she did not

39、consider that a public enquiry would serve any useful purpose.部長說，她認(rèn)為公開調(diào)查不會達(dá)到任何有益的成效。The judge said that the fine would serve as a warning to other motorists who drove without due care.法官說此次罰款對其他疏忽駕駛的司機(jī)會是一種警告。Force UK f:s US f:rs noun  力量&#

40、160;力，力量；力氣；（尤指）暴力，武力The force of the wind had brought down a great many trees in the area.強(qiáng)風(fēng)刮倒了這一地區(qū)的許多樹木。She slapped his face with unexpected force.她打了他一耳光，出乎意料地用力。Teachers aren't allowed to use force in controlling their pupils.老師管教學(xué)生時禁止使用體罰。force yourself to do sthDes

41、pite the pain, she forced herself to get out of bed. 盡管很痛，她還是強(qiáng)打精神起了床。force your way through/into sthShe had to force her way through the crowd. 她不得不從人群中擠過去。Motivate /mtvet/ 激勵；激發(fā)的積極性；激發(fā)的熱情motivate sb to do sthWe must motivate students to take charge of their own learning. 我們必須激勵學(xué)生管好自己

42、的學(xué)習(xí)。You have first got to motivate the children and then to teach them.你首先得激發(fā)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，然后再去教他們。What is the motivation behind this sudden change?   這種突然轉(zhuǎn)變背后的動機(jī)是什么？ Command UK k'm:nd US -'mændv.命令，指示+ to infinitive The officer comm

43、anded his men to shoot.軍官命令他的手下射擊。+ that He commanded that the troops (should) cross the water.他命令部隊度河。應(yīng)得，值得She was one of those teachers who just commanded respect.她是那些值得尊敬的老師中的一位。n.（對知識的）掌握，運(yùn)用能力She has an impressive command of t

44、he English language.她精通英語。As a writer, she has both style and humour at her command.作為一名作家，她對文風(fēng)和幽默都能運(yùn)用自如。knowledge UK 'nl.d US 'n:.ld noun 知識；學(xué)問；學(xué)識；了解；理解Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive.她的英語文法知識很廣博。He has a limited 

45、;knowledge of French.他對法語所知有限。 This job requires knowledge about at least two foreign languages.This job requires knowledge of at least two foreign languages.不要說 learn knowledge 或 get knowledge，而要說 learn a lot 或 learn a great deal:   You can learn a lot through travel.&

46、#160;  通過旅行可以學(xué)到許多東西。improve/increase/further/brush up your knowledge (of sth ): 'I'd like to improve my knowledge of Asian cultures.' 5. pressure/unfair/judge/performIt is unfair to judge students only by the results of exams because theycan hardly perform well under

47、great pressure. 僅根據(jù)考試成績評價學(xué)生是不公平的，因為他們在巨大壓力下幾乎不能正常發(fā)揮。PressureUK 'pre.r US - Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.教師們被迫長時間工作，壓力越來越大。 The international community are trying to bring pressure to bear on the gover

48、nment (= trying to persuade them) to resolve the situation.國際社會正試圖說服該政府解決問題。 be / come under pressure from sb (to do sth)   I was under pressure from my parents to become a teacher.   父母給我壓力，要我當(dāng)一名老師。   The Labour government came under pressure from t

49、he trade unions.   工黨政府受到了來自工會的壓力。   + for    Pressure for change has become urgent.   改革的呼聲越來越迫切。催促；威逼；脅迫pressure sb into (doing) sthDont be pressured into making any rash decisions. 不要迫于壓力作出任何草率決定。She pressured her son to accept a jo

50、b offer from the bank.她強(qiáng)迫兒子接受銀行提供的一份工作。presspresvt. 壓，按 n. 新聞界；出版社 詞匯擴(kuò)充：真題再現(xiàn)：Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their _, some people drink alcohol.上海卷 Atemper Bmood Cconsciousness Dpressure 譯文城市的生活很艱辛。為了釋放壓力，有些人選擇了喝酒。Unfair  adj 不公平的；不公正的；不合情理的it is unfair thatIt is unfair that no

51、t everyone got the chance to vote. 不公平的是，并非每個人都有投票的機(jī)會。   It seems unfair on him to make him pay for everything.    讓他承擔(dān)一切費(fèi)用似乎對他不公平。    It would be unfair not to let you have a choice.   不讓你有所選擇是不公平的。Judge dd（尤指認(rèn)真考慮之后）斷定，

52、判斷，估計詞匯擴(kuò)充：judgement n. 判斷The meeting was judged (to have been) a success.人們認(rèn)為會議很成功。You shouldn't judge by/on appearances alone.你不該以貌取人下面三句意思相同： I judge him to be a perfect student. I judge him a perfect student. I judge that he is

53、a perfect student.perform UK p'f:m US p'f:rm verb  表演；履行；執(zhí)行 詞匯擴(kuò)充：performance n. 演出，表演；performer n. 表演者 例句精選： You should perform what you promise. 你應(yīng)該履行你的諾言。 真題再現(xiàn)：Your _ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.浙江卷 Aope

54、ration Bgrowth Cperformance Dcharacter 譯文作為一名學(xué)生，如果你能養(yǎng)成反思學(xué)習(xí)方法的習(xí)慣，你的表現(xiàn)會非常棒。Computers can perform a variety of tasks.電腦能執(zhí)行多項工作。The operation will be performed next week.手術(shù)將于下周進(jìn)行。Most of the students performed well in the exam.大多數(shù)學(xué)生都考得很好。6. cheat/grade/examination/shamefulS

55、ome students cheat in the examinations in order to get a high grade who never think it wrong and shameful to do so. 有些學(xué)生為了得高分就在考試中作弊，從不認(rèn)為考試作弊是錯誤的和可恥的。Cheattitn. & v. 騙??；作弊 高考考點(diǎn)：cheat sb.（out）of sth. 騙某人的東西Kids have always found ways of cheating in school exams. 孩子們總能找到考試作弊的辦法。Anyone caught 

56、cheating will be immediately dismissed from the school.任何人如被發(fā)現(xiàn)作弊將被立即學(xué)校開除。graderedn. 等級，（中小學(xué)的）學(xué)年；成績，分?jǐn)?shù) vt. 評分，分等級 Steve never studies, but he always gets good grades.史蒂夫從來不學(xué)習(xí)，可成績總是很不錯。make the grade 做得足夠好；達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；成功Ian wanted to be an actor, but he didn't make the grade.伊恩想做個演員，但

57、是他不夠資格。About 10% of trainees fail to make the grade.接受培訓(xùn)的人大約有 10% 未達(dá)標(biāo)。What does it take to make the grade as a top golfer?怎樣才能成為頂級的高爾夫球員？把分級；把分等；把分類The books are graded according to the difficulty of the language.這些書按照語言難易程度分級。真題再現(xiàn)： Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I gu

58、ess it _ now.遼寧卷 Ahas graded Bis graded Cis being graded Dis grading 譯文 你的課堂作業(yè)交上去了嗎？ 是的，我交上去了。我猜想現(xiàn)在正在給它打分吧。Examination gzæm.'ne.n noun  檢查；審查；調(diào)查I had to have/undergo a medical examination when I started my pension scheme.在啟動養(yǎng)老金計劃之前，我要進(jìn)行一次體檢。The evidence is

59、 still under examination (= being examined).仍然在對那些證據(jù)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。   He's already taken the entrance examination .   他已經(jīng)參加了入學(xué)考試。1說“某科考試”在指學(xué)科的詞前面用 in 或 on 都可以，如 examination in（或on）English grammar 和 examination in（或on）mathematics。用 in 比用 on 普

60、通。 2下面兩句意思不同： Have you entered for the examination? （你已經(jīng)報名應(yīng)考了嗎？） Have you sat for the examination? （你已經(jīng)應(yīng)考了嗎？） 3examination paper 在英國是“考試題紙”，在美國是“考卷”，相當(dāng)于英國的 script。在美國說“考試題”用 examination questions。shameful 'em.fl可恥的，丟臉的shameful 是“可恥的”，不是“感覺羞恥的”，說“感覺羞恥的”該用 a

61、shamed。如假定某人有了可恥的行為，因而感覺羞恥，可以說 Jones is ashamed of his shamefulconduct。shameemn. 遺憾的事；羞愧 例句精選： What a shame! 真遺憾！【問】 Its a shame that he is so poor.原譯他那么窮，真是太可恥了。能說“窮”就可恥嗎?【答】 名詞shame除了作“羞恥”、“可恥(的事)”解之外，還可作“遺憾(的事)”解，這一點(diǎn)常常被人們所忽略。請看下面的例句：1. It would be a shame to stay indoors on such a

62、beautiful day. (Chambers)這樣美好的時光，呆在家里太可惜了。2. Its a shame you cant stay for dinner. (RCD)真可惜，你不能留下來吃飯。7. heated/debate/conduct/pleasureIn this kind of class, where heated debatesare conducted, students often find out that they are motivated by the pleasure of study. 在這樣的課堂上，學(xué)生們進(jìn)行熱烈的討論，他們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣所

63、激勵。Heatedheated argument / debate / discussion etc 激烈的爭論/辯論/討論等Debatedbetn. & v. 討論，辯論 詞根詞綴：de表downbat表fighte，“辯論”就是“用口舌把別人打倒了”。 高考考點(diǎn)：beyond debate無可爭辯詞根bat表beat，fight之意。Education is the current focus of public debate.教育是目前大眾談?wù)摰慕裹c(diǎn)。They had been debating for several hours without r

64、eaching a conclusion.他們已經(jīng)爭論了好幾個小時，仍然沒有得出一個結(jié)論。（作決定前）考慮，權(quán)衡+what He stopped and debated what to do next. 他停了下來，考慮下一步該做什么。debate doing sth She debated leaving without saying anything but decided against it. 她打算不辭而別，但又決定不這樣做。Conductkndktvt. 引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)；實施，處理 詞根詞綴：contogetherduct表lead，原指“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大家在一起”。 We

65、are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.我們正在進(jìn)行一項調(diào)查，了解顧客對當(dāng)?shù)毓步煌ǚ?wù)系統(tǒng)的看法。 conduct a survey / investigation /an experiment / a testHow you choose to conduct your private life is your own business!你選擇怎么過你的私生活是你自己的事！ He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表現(xiàn)得比預(yù)料的要好得多。- It isn't reasonab