英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英譯漢課件

1、Chinese-English Translation CourseUnit OneError Analysis: Part One On the test paperI. Choose the one which is proper and idiomatic .1. Our home, once full of laughters, now deafens us with its silence.譯文A: 我們的家，曾經(jīng)充滿了歡聲笑語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在卻充 滿了令人震耳欲聾的沉寂。譯文B: 我們的家，曾經(jīng)充滿了歡聲笑語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在卻十分安 靜。2. There are few of us but admir

2、e his courage. 譯文A: 我們?nèi)巳硕寂宸挠職狻?譯文B: 我們中很少有人佩服他的勇氣。3. All cities did not look like as they do today. 譯文A: 在過(guò)去，城市面貌并不都像今天這樣千篇一律。 譯文B: 過(guò)去，城市面貌與現(xiàn)在完全不同。4. To starve oneself emotionally is a mistake. 譯文A: 不滿足自己感情上的需要是一種錯(cuò)誤。 譯文B: 使自己的感情挨饑受餓是一種錯(cuò)誤。5.The bosss girl Friday called me. 譯文A: 老板的女兒星期五打電話給我了。 譯文B:

3、 老板的女秘書(shū)打電話給我了6. Marriage bed is full of roses and thorns. 譯文A: 婚姻總是有苦有甜。 譯文B: 婚姻的花壇里既長(zhǎng)鮮花也生荊棘。7. I never go past that kindergarten but think of my happy childhood there. 譯文A: 每當(dāng)我走過(guò)那所幼兒園，我就回想起在那里度過(guò)的 幸福童年。 譯文B: 盡管我從未經(jīng)過(guò)那所幼兒園，但是我回想起在那里度過(guò)的幸福童年8. And soon over the whole surface of the marsh, a great cloud

4、of birds hung screaming and circling in the air. 譯文A: 很快就有一塊烏云似的一大群野鳥(niǎo)在沼澤上空驚叫著，盤(pán)旋著。 譯文B: 很快就有黑壓壓的一大群野鳥(niǎo)在沼澤上空驚叫著，盤(pán)旋著。9. SS guards then shoved each prisoner in the direction the doctor had indicated. 譯文A: 希特勒的黨衛(wèi)軍按醫(yī)生所指的方向推著被監(jiān)禁者。 譯文B: 希特勒的黨衛(wèi)軍按醫(yī)生所指的方向推著犯人。10. Thus it was that our little romantic friend for

5、med visions of the future for herself. 譯文A: 我們的小朋友一腦袋幻想，憧憬著美麗的未來(lái)。 譯文B: 我們浪漫的小朋友憧憬著美好的未來(lái)。II. Improve the Chinese version. 1. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 譯文： 他又皺又黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。2. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 譯文：華爾街是個(gè)狗咬狗的地方。3. All freely falling bodies descend from the same heigh

6、t in equal time. 譯文：一切自由降落的物體，從同樣的高度，以相等的時(shí) 間下降。 4. Why waste breath on them, who have turned such an unwilling ear? 譯文：為什么對(duì)他們浪費(fèi)口舌呢？他們又不愿意聽(tīng)。5. We have plenty of company in the way of wagonloads and mule-loads of tourists and dust. 譯文：跟我們做伴的人真不少，有乘馬車(chē)的，有騎騾子的 一路塵土飛揚(yáng)。 6. His speech leaves no room to impr

7、ovement. 譯文：他的演講沒(méi)有改進(jìn)的余地。 7. He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. 譯文：他并不是很鮮明地想到了他的爸爸和媽媽。 8. Casualties were taken to several hospitals in southwestern Georgia, some of which operated on backup generators. 譯文：傷亡人員被送往佐治亞州西南部的幾所醫(yī)院里，其中一些傷者在備用發(fā)電機(jī)的幫助下動(dòng)了手術(shù)。 9. To cure his patients, he rel

8、ied on a palette of remedies that included modern science, folk medicine and plain common sense. 譯文：為了治療患者，他運(yùn)用了調(diào)色板方法，其中包括現(xiàn)代科技、民間藥物和自己的直覺(jué)。 10. Struggle and submission are before the colonial people; this leads to slavery, that to freedom. 譯文：殖民地人民面臨著兩條道路：斗爭(zhēng)和屈服。前者導(dǎo)致奴役，后者通往自由。 III. Translate the follow

9、ing sentences into Chinese. 1. All the time spent online has left many young infotech workers without much time for life offline.2. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.3. Nowhere has the impact of family breakup b

10、een more profound than in our school. Principals report a dramatic rise in the aggressive, acting-out behavior characteristic of children living in single-parent families.4. Books are of the people, by the people, for the people. To some extent, book-friends have some advantages over living friends.

11、5. This victory means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood.6. My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.7. The

12、 book describes the march of civilization from ancient Egyptian times to the present.8. It was diamond cut diamond when the two men met because they were both so sure their own ideas were right.9. She is always finding excuse for her failure by saying that I cant make bricks without straw; in fact,

13、carelessness is her heel of Achilles.10. Mr. White is a very white man. He has been feeling blue today. When I saw him, he was in a brown mood. I hope he'll soon be in the pink again.IV. Translate the following passages into Chinese. 1. Online newspapers are a look into the future, and just pond

14、ering it raises the question of whether it isnt nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save. 在線報(bào)紙是對(duì)未來(lái)的一種窺視。只需沉思片刻你就能提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：每天蜷縮在舒適的椅子上，順手用圓珠筆將你所關(guān)心的內(nèi)容圈劃下來(lái)，或用剪刀將你想保存的

15、文章剪下來(lái)，這樣是不是更好一些？ The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, whic

16、h will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet. 與美國(guó)相比，世界其他地方進(jìn)入電子空間的速度較慢，而在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，因特網(wǎng)幾乎還根本沒(méi)能滲入進(jìn)去。聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)科菲·安南決心通過(guò)聯(lián)合國(guó)信息技術(shù)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)改變這種情況。根據(jù)他的計(jì)劃，該機(jī)構(gòu)將訓(xùn)練大量人員開(kāi)發(fā)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的增收潛力。 At Microsoft, Bill Gates predicts that by 2018 major newspapers will “ publish their last pa

17、per editions and move solely to electronic distribution,” and that by 2020 dictionaries will redefine books as “ eBook titles read on screen.” 在微軟公司，比爾·蓋茨預(yù)言到2018年主要報(bào)紙將“出版他們的最后一張紙張版本，然后轉(zhuǎn)入完全出版電子讀物”，而到2020年，詞典將重新將書(shū)定義為“供屏幕上看的電子圖書(shū)”。2. Our challenges may be new. But those values upon which our succes

18、s depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is

19、 a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our chara

20、cter, than giving our all to a difficult task.2 我們可能面臨著全新的挑戰(zhàn)，但是我們的成功所仰賴(lài)的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卻是古老的勤勞、誠(chéng)實(shí)、勇氣、公正、忍耐、好奇、忠誠(chéng)和愛(ài)國(guó)。這些東西都是真實(shí)的，它們?cè)谡麄€(gè)美國(guó)歷史上一直是我們?nèi)〉眠M(jìn)步的背后推動(dòng)力?，F(xiàn)在所亟需的是回歸這些真理，現(xiàn)在我們需要進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的責(zé)任時(shí)代需要每個(gè)美國(guó)人都認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們對(duì)自己、對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家、對(duì)整個(gè)世界都負(fù)有責(zé)任，不是勉強(qiáng)接受的責(zé)任，而是當(dāng)仁不讓?zhuān)瑧?yīng)該徹底明白一點(diǎn)，即除非將我們的一切獻(xiàn)給一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，我們的精神無(wú)法獲得滿足、我們的人格也無(wú)法獲得塑造。Part Two Class activity1

21、.中國(guó)人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、賞花燈的習(xí)俗。 Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.2.他的不合作態(tài)度使這個(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展十分緩慢。 The project makes less progress because of his incooperation.3.你們誰(shuí)想?yún)⒓哟河尉驮谛瞧谖逯皥?bào)名并交費(fèi)。 You whoever wants to go spr

22、ing outing please sign up your name and pay dues before Friday.4.我覺(jué)得這個(gè)店里的衣服即使打六折也還是太貴。 I think the clothes prices in the shop were so expensive even if they are made 60 percent discount.5.就目前情況看，工程造價(jià)將會(huì)超出預(yù)算百分之三十。 With respect to the current situation, the cost of this engineering will exceed 30 perce

23、nt of the budget.6.萬(wàn)一你想取消這次旅行，請(qǐng)至少提前一個(gè)月書(shū)面通知我們。 If you want to cancel this travel, please tell us by writing at least one month earlier.7.想讓他答應(yīng)如此要求恐怕不大可能。 Im afraid it is impossible for him to agree such requirement.8.在董事會(huì)年會(huì)上，他提請(qǐng)大家注意一個(gè)被普遍忽視的問(wèn)題。 On the annual board of directors, he reminded everyone to

24、 pay attention to a problem which was ignored in common.9.中國(guó)飲茶的風(fēng)尚，到了第七世紀(jì)的唐代，已經(jīng)相當(dāng)盛行了（A）。那時(shí)日本派有大批的留學(xué)生，到中國(guó)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文 化，自然也學(xué)會(huì)了中國(guó)的飲茶(B)。 日本現(xiàn)在的所謂茶道，向西方人士夸說(shuō)是日本獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)，其實(shí)完全是中國(guó)的古風(fēng)，明代以前的烹茶辦法（C）。除了日本以外，最講究喝茶的外國(guó)人，應(yīng)該是英國(guó)人了，而英國(guó)人懂得喝茶，至今還不過(guò)兩三百年的歷史（D）。A. In the seventh century of Tang dynasty, the Chinese prevailing custom

25、 of drinking tea was in vogue.B. At that time, large quantities of students were sent to China by Japan to study Chinese culture. Accordingly they learned the Chinese tea-drinking custom.C. The so-called Tea Doctrine now in Japan was bragged to the Western personalities about that its the Japanese u

26、nique art; in fact, it was completely ancient Chinese custom and the way to make tea till the Ming dynasty.D. Except the Japanese, the foreign people who are fastidious about drinking tea should be Englishmen, but it is only two or three hundred years after the Englishmen knowing about drinking tea.

27、10.一六四四年，李自成揮師北上，攻入北京；崇禎自縊于煤山，明朝就此覆亡（A）。假如山海關(guān)統(tǒng)兵大率帥吳三桂順李自成，中國(guó)的近代史就會(huì)是另一個(gè)樣子（B）。然而吳三桂卻因?yàn)槔钭猿蓳屃怂膼?ài)妾陳圓圓，“沖冠一怒為紅顏”，放清兵入關(guān)（C）。就這樣，滿族人輕而易舉地接管了明朝的江山（D）。A. In 1644, the leader of revolting armies, Li Zicheng,led his army to attack the north and occupied Beijing, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, hung himself

28、 to death at Mountain Mei. From then on, the Ming dynasty died out.B. If the chief commander of Shanhaiguan, Wu San-gui, came over and pledged allegiance to Li Zicheng, Chinese modern history would be another appearance.C. However, because Li Zicheng robbed his wife Chen Yuanyuan, whom he loved deep

29、ly, so Wu Sangui flew into a rage for beauty and helped the troops of Qing come into Shanhaiguan.D. And in this case, the people of Man ruled the country instead of Ming without difficulty.Unit Two Differences between English and ChineseI. General introduction1. Different language families2. Differe

30、nt nature of language 3. Difference of sentence structureII. Differences English and Chinese vocabulary differences in thinking ways result in the differences in this two languages “天人合一”“人物分立”eg. I do believe in fate that falls on us no matter what we do, but, I do believe in fate that will fall on

31、 us if we do nothing. - Ronald ReaganParticular-General Pattern (-Chinese)General-Particular Pattern (-English)eg1.我原先打算七月一日去香港旅游，后來(lái)不得不 取消，這使我很掃興It was keen disappointment that I had to cancel the visit I had intended to pay to Hong Kong on July Ist.eg2. 在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)中，中國(guó)應(yīng)繼續(xù)保持一個(gè)積極而充滿活力的力量，我堅(jiān)信這是符合我國(guó)利益的 I s

32、trongly believe that its in the interests of my countrymen that China should remain an active and energetic power in global economic matters.2) word for word correspondence3) one word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning4) words without correspondence 5) hypotaxis and parataxisDifference in

33、 Word, Sentence, Text / DiscourseWord:Sentence: hypotaxis, parataxisEg. The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 由于距離遠(yuǎn)，又缺乏交通工具，使農(nóng)村社會(huì)與外界隔絕，而這種隔絕，又由于通訊工具不足而變得更加嚴(yán)重。(Poor English: Because there is a

34、 great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media. )Text / Discourse: subject-prominent, topic-prominentEg1. They tell us, Sir, that we are weak; But when shall we be stron

35、ger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed

36、 in our power.先生，他們說(shuō)我們力量小但是什么時(shí)候我們才會(huì)強(qiáng)大起來(lái)？下星期還是明年？是不是要等我們完全被解除武裝、家家戶戶都駐扎了英國(guó)士兵的時(shí)候？我們遲疑不決、無(wú)所作為就能積聚力量嗎？先生，如果能恰當(dāng)?shù)乩萌f(wàn)物之主賦予我們的力量，我們并不弱小。Eg2. 春眠不覺(jué)曉， 處處聞啼鳥(niǎo)。 夜來(lái)風(fēng)雨聲， 花落知多少。I awake light-hearted this morning of spring,Everywhere round me the singing of birds,But now I remember the night, the storm,And I wonder h

37、ow many blossoms were broken.2. Lexical and Syntactical Differences1) matching of wordseg. 爐子著得很旺。 (The fire is burning briskly in the stove.) 她著涼了 。 (She has caught cold.) 你猜著了 。 (You have guessed right.) 老李躺下就著了 。 ( Lao Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down.) 他走錯(cuò)了一著 。 (He has made a false move./ t

38、ake a wrong step.)這些孩子穿著整齊。 (These children are all neatly dressed.) 這些措施都著眼于進(jìn)一步解放生產(chǎn)力。 (All these measures are aimed to further emancipating the productive forces.)2) order of words in the sentence eg. He also concluded that insight into prehistoric cultures should ideally proceed from knowledge of

39、living cultures. 他還得出這樣的結(jié)論：要對(duì)史前各種文化有深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)，應(yīng)從了解現(xiàn)存的種種文化著手，這是最理想的方法。3) sentence order compare the following sentences: 政府將在一兩個(gè)月后在做出下一步的行動(dòng)The government would wait a month or two before deciding their next move.2) 女兒經(jīng)常熬夜，這讓媽媽很擔(dān)心。It worries her mother much that her daughter often stays up so late.3) 如果有人

40、敢于語(yǔ)言此事的結(jié)果，那他定是個(gè)魯莽之徒 He would be a rash man if he should venture to forecast the results of this event.III. Comment on Last Weeks HomeworkError Analysis:9. By the Tang dynasty in the seventh century, tea- drinking had become very popular in China. At that time many Japanese students were sent to Chin

41、a to study Chinese culture. Naturally they acquired the Chinese tea-drinking habit.C. The so-called tea ceremony in modern Japan, boasted to Westerners as a unique Japanese art, was in fact entirely an ancient Chinese custom, the way to brew tea before the Ming dynasty.D. Except for the Japanese, no

42、 other foreigners attach more importance to tea drinking than the British, who learned to drink tea only two or three hundred years ago.10. In 1644 the rebel leader Li Zicheng marched north with his troops, attacking and capturing Beijing. Chongzhen, the last Ming emperor, hanged himself at the foot

43、 of Coal Hill. Thus the Ming dynasty collapsed.( Leading his troops north, the rebel leader Li Zicheng attacked and occupied Beijing in 1644. The death of Emperor Chongzhen, who hanged himself on Coal Hill, marked the end of the Ming dynasty.)B. If Wu Sangui, commander of the strategic Shanhai pass,

44、 had surrendered to Li, modern Chinese history would have been much different. (taken on a different look.)C. However, because Li Zicheng robbed him of his favorite concubine, Chen Yuanyuan, Wu flew into a rage for the sake of the beauty and let the Qing troops enter the pass.D. In this way, the Man

45、chu people took over the Ming empire without much difficulty.Paragraph translation (參考譯文） In building a well-off society in all-round way, it is of vital importance to take economic development as the central task and keep releasing and developing the productive forces. In light of the new trends in

46、 the economy, science and technology of the world and the requirements of our national economic development in new period, we should undertake the following main tasks for economic development and reform in the first two decades of this century: to improve the socialist market economy, promote strat

47、egic adjustment of the economic structure, basically accomplish industrialization, energeticallyapply IT, accelerate modernization, maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy and steadily uplift the peoples living standards. In the first decades, we will accomplish all

48、 the objectives set in the 10th Five-Year Plan and for the years up to 2010 so as to bring the economic aggregate, overall national strength and the peoples living standards up to a much higher level and lay a solid foundation for even greater development in the second decade. Homework: 江南的春天素稱(chēng)多雨，一落

49、就是七八天。住在上海的人們，平日既感不到雨的需要，一旦下雨，天氣是那么陰沉，誰(shuí)也耐不住悶在狹小的家里；可是跑到外面，沒(méi)有山，沒(méi)有湖，也沒(méi)有經(jīng)雨的嫩綠的葉子，一切都不及晴天好；有時(shí)闊人的汽車(chē)從你身旁駛過(guò)，還得帶一身污泥回來(lái)。參考譯文：Spring in the south is known to be rainy. During this season, it never rains there but it remains wet for seven or eight days on end. Dwellers in Shanghai, who usually do not feel the

50、need for rain, will be bored with having to confine themselves in their close quarters when outside it is gloomy with rain. While in the open, seeing no mountains, nor lakes, nor rain-drenched soft green leaves, youll find nothing comparable to a fine day. Sometimes, worse still, a rich mans car fla

51、shing past may splash you all over with mud.Unit Three Hypotaxis and Parataxis（形合與意合）I. Review (Contrasts between E and C Languages) English Chinese1. synthetic analytic2. hypotaxis parataxis3. chain language block language4. complex simple5. tightly-knitted loosely-structured6. result + cause cause

52、 + result7. impersonal personal 8. static dynamic 9. substitutive repetitive10. passive active abstract concreteeg1. Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the next year. 由于受到這樣的鼓勵(lì)，他們?yōu)榈诙曛贫艘粋€(gè)更大膽的計(jì)劃。eg3. 有一個(gè)英國(guó)人，不會(huì)講中國(guó)話，有一次在中國(guó)旅行。An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling

53、in China.eg7. 她獨(dú)處時(shí)感到一種特別的安寧。A strange peace came over her when she was alone.eg8. 你一定是不善于學(xué)習(xí)，要不然就是教你的人很不會(huì)教。You must be a very bad learner; or else you must be going to a very bad teacher.eg9. 他討厭失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗，并且藐視別人的失敗。 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despi

54、sed it in others.II. Hypotaxis and Parataxis Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives; for example, I shall despair if you dont come. -( The American Heritage Dictionary) Parataxis: The arranging of clauses on after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. - ( The World Book Dictionary) eg1.以朱自清的匆匆(Transient Days)為例： 燕子去了，有再來(lái)的時(shí)候；楊