2018年考研英語一完形填空與答案解析

1、Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition (1) manyworthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On t

2、he other hand, putting your (2)in thewrong place often carries a high (3).(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. (5) people place their trustin an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that (6)pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct

3、thatleads sheep to flock together forsafety and prompts humans to (7) with one another. Swiss Scientists have found thatexposure (8) this hormone puts us in a trusting (9): In a study, researchers sprayedoxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantlyhig

4、her amounts of money to strangers than were their (10) who inhaled something else.(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may (12) us. A Canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate (13) a credible personand a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each (

5、14) to an adult tester holding a plasticcontainer. The tester would ask,“ What's in here? ” before looking into the container, smiling,and exclaiming, “Wow! ” Each subject was then invited to look (15). Half of them found atoy; the other half (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester h

6、ad (17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were (18) to cooperatewith the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. (19),only five of the 30 children paired with the "(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A on

7、B like C for D from2. A faith B concern C attention D interest3. A Benefit B debt C Hope D price4. A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again5. AUntil6. Aselects7. AConsultB Unless C AlthoughB producesB compete8. A at B by C Of9. A contextB Mood10. A CounterpartsD WhenC AppliesC ConnectD toC periodB subst

8、itutesD maintainsD compareD circleC ColleaguesD supporters11. A Funny B Lucky C Odd D Ironic12. A MonitorB Protect C surprise D delight13. A BetweenB withinC toward D over14. A transferredB AddedC introduced D entrustedout B BackDiscovered15. A16. A17. A betrayedC aroundB ProvedB wrongedD insideC In

9、sistedC FooledD rememberedD mocked18. A forced B Willing C hesitant D entitled19. A In contrastB As a result C On the wholeD For instance20. A inflexibleB Incapable C unreliableD unsuitable1. 【答案】 C【解析】該題選擇的是介詞，與后面的 many worthwhile things 一塊做后置定語修飾前面的condition, 表明對于許多重要事情來說是一個必要的條件。而 A 選項 from （來自于）

10、， C 選項 like （像） D 選項 on （關(guān)于）均語義不搭。2. 【答案】 A【解析】此處考察語義一致和對上下文辨析的問題。該空是做put 的賓語，通過前面的 On the onehand, it's a necessary condition （1） many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. （一方面 ,信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等）； on the other hand 可以得知該題仍然是在講述關(guān)于主題 trust 的問題， 所以只有 faith （信任） 最合適。 而 B 選項 c

11、oncern （關(guān)心， 關(guān)注） ， C 選項 attention （注意）， D 選項 interest （興趣，利益）均不符題意。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 此處考察詞義辨析。 前文說到 putting your in the wrong place often carries a high（把放在錯誤的地方通常會帶來巨大的），可以知道該空肯定也是填貶義，但肯定不能是debt 債務(wù)這種具體含義，所以只能選 price ，并且 carries a high price 也指付出高昂的代價。4. 【答案】 B【解析】此題考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，該段所指內(nèi)容, why do

12、wetrust at all? （我們?yōu)槭裁磿湃?？）所以采用了遞進關(guān)系，進一步說明信任的具體內(nèi)容。只有D 選項then（ 然后，那么 ）最符合語義搭配。而 A 選項 again （再次）表示強調(diào)； B 選項 instead （然而）表轉(zhuǎn)折； 而 C 選項 therefore （因此）表結(jié)果，均不符合?！窘馕觥看颂幵僖淮慰疾爝壿嬯P(guān)系。該空people place their trust in an individual or aninstitution, their brains release oxytocin， a hormone（ _人們信任一個人或者一個機構(gòu)，大腦都會釋放一種荷爾蒙）

13、，只有when （當時）符合上下文語境和邏輯語境。6. 【答案】 B【解析】該題是考察定語從句的動賓搭配問題。上一句說當人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙， a hormone that （6） pleasurable feelings這個 that 就是定語從句，指這種荷爾蒙能令人愉悅的感覺，只能是produce 最符合語境。7. 【答案】 C【解析】考察詞義辨析。該空所填為動詞，并且要求與之后的 with 形成搭配。 and triggers theherding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and pr

14、ompts humans to withone another. 說明這種荷爾蒙能夠引發(fā)一種群居本能，這種本能能讓羊群聚在一起， and 的后面的內(nèi)容也與前面的 flock together 同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以只有connect 最符合語境。8. 【答案】D【解析】該題考察固定搭配。與exposure to 構(gòu)成固定搭配的關(guān)系。表示“接觸”9. 【答案】B【解析】該題考察上下文語義。上文中說到這種荷爾蒙會給人帶來一種愉悅的情緒，通過這個結(jié)論，可以得出這種荷爾蒙能讓人有讓人信任的情緒/ 心緒。只有mood 是最合適的答案。10. 【答案】 A【解析】此處仍然是考察上下文語境。上文中 In a stu

15、dy, researchers sprayed oxytocin into thenoses of half the subjects; 能從下文得知這也是只本句講另外一組受試者。 Conuterparts 表示對應(yīng)物，對應(yīng)的人?！窘馕觥看颂幙疾焐舷挛倪壿嬯P(guān)系。從后文中的also 可以看出前后一致的關(guān)系。前文對于這種天賦都是褒義的色彩，所以答案此時應(yīng)該是lucky 。12. 【答案】B【解析】同樣也是因為 also ，說明前后一致關(guān)系。只能選擇 protect.13. 【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。 A Canadian study found that children as young

16、as 14 months can differentiate a credible person and a dishonest one.選則 between 意為： 14 個月大的孩子能在誠實和不誠實的人之間進行區(qū)分。14. 【答案】 C【解析】 考察搭配。結(jié)合原文語境， “ Sixty toddlers were each_to adult tester holding a plasticcontainer ”選項 C“ be introduced to sth ”表示“初次認識某物?！狈显恼Z境。15. 【答案】 D【解析】本題考察借此搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)原文“ what s in h

17、ere? ” before looking into the container.Each subject was then invited to _.” 選項 D 與前文所表達的 in here 和 looking into相關(guān)。因此 D 為正選。16. 【答案】 A【解析】 本題考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。 根據(jù)語境 “ half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the containerwas empty.”這是用分好并列連接的兩個句子，屬于并列關(guān)系。因此，前半句講一般的受測者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人會怎么說。像個小分局的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一直。因此

18、本題填入的含義應(yīng)該與 found 含義相同。因此， A 選項發(fā)現(xiàn)為正選。【解析】根據(jù)本題語境，此句在破折號后面，是對前面的意思解釋說明。前面提到了另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn) 盒子是空的，并且易世達測試者對他們怎么樣。既然盒子是空的，那么肯定認識到測試者是在戲弄他們，所以對此題必須要理解測試者是主語，賓語是Them 指的是受測者。主語的含義決定了謂語的含義為戲弄。因此 C 選項為正選。18. 【答案】 B【解析】考察搭配。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號之前是一個介詞短語，意為在所有沒有被戲弄過的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習得一種新技能的時候與測試者的合作是如何的。 Demonstrating thatthey trusted his leadership 表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。因此，既然信任他們就表示愿意合作。所 B 選項 willing to do 構(gòu)成固定搭配。 19. 【答案】 A【解析】 本題考察邏輯關(guān)系。 根據(jù)原文語境 “” on