四大名詞性從句

1、.1Grammar Shirley.2What kind of noun clauses are they? 1. What it was to become was a mystery. 2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet. 3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London. 4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句brain

2、storming (2m).3名詞性從句名詞性從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作用的從句稱作名詞性從句，名詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作用的從句稱作名詞性從句，名詞性從句常在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位性從句常在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。如：語(yǔ)。如：1. What it was to become was a mystery.2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4. The fact that ships can go there

3、surprises many people.4noun clausessubjective clause主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句objective clause賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句predicative clause表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句appositive clause同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句.5主語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)從句：做主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的有連詞做主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的有連詞that ，whether， 連接代詞連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接連接副詞副詞when，where， how， why等。等。位置：位置： 1) 位于句首位于句首 2) 位于句尾，使用位于句尾，使用

4、it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主從放做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主從放在句末在句末(注意：形式主語(yǔ)只能用注意：形式主語(yǔ)只能用it,不能使用不能使用thisthat)常用下面幾種句型：常用下面幾種句型：1）It + be + 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) （n./adj./done.）+that從句從句It is a fact (a shame/ pity/ good news/ impossible/likely) that/whetherIts a pity that you have to go so soon.It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.62）It + vi

5、. + that從句從句It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It seemed certain that he would win the prize.It happens that they were absent.3) It + be done + that從句從句It is known/said/hoped/believedIt has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.Does _ matter if he cant finis

6、h the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it.7連接詞：連接詞： 1） 區(qū)分區(qū)分 that 與與 whether ( if ) that 引導(dǎo)主從只起引導(dǎo)作用，無實(shí)際意義，在主引導(dǎo)主從只起引導(dǎo)作用，無實(shí)際意義，在主從中不充當(dāng)任何成分，從中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.whether(if)盡管不充當(dāng)句子成分盡管不充當(dāng)句子成分,但有但有”是否是否”意意思思,可加上可加上”or not”,語(yǔ)意不變語(yǔ)意不變.但但whether和和if也有不同用法也有不同用法,如放在句

7、首引導(dǎo)主從如放在句首引導(dǎo)主從,只能用只能用whether. Whether it will please them is not easy to say.8e.g._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from on aspect.What B. That C. This D. Which_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where.9 It作形式主

8、語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒有變化。，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒有變化。 而而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如：例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the

9、 morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.10連接代詞連接代詞who(m), whose, what ,which, when, where, why, how這類連接詞這類連接詞,除了引導(dǎo)主從外除了引導(dǎo)主從外,在從句中還分在從句中還分別起別起pron/adv./adj.的作用的作用,在從句中分別做主語(yǔ)在從句中分別做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.高考題高考題:_ caused the

10、accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereI read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which.113) whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever等連接詞與等連接詞與what等連接詞等連接詞的用法一樣的用法一樣,只是具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)意只是具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)意,”凡是凡是,不管不管,無無論論” ,Wh

11、atever he said wasnt true.Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it.= Anyone who guesses= The person who guessesHowever _ he couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer teenagers showed interest in traditional festivals. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that.12賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)

12、的名詞性從句，通常賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后?；蚪樵~之后。做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)1)大部分賓語(yǔ)從句直接跟在動(dòng)詞后：大部分賓語(yǔ)從句直接跟在動(dòng)詞后：He doesnt know where the post office is.2) 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都可以省去引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都可以省去.但是當(dāng)及但是當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句是物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句是,只有第一只有第一個(gè)個(gè)that可以省略可以省略.The teacher said (that) the text was v

13、ery important and that we should learn it by heart.The Object Clause.133)如果后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要使用形式賓語(yǔ)如果后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要使用形式賓語(yǔ) it 而將而將從句放到補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面；從句放到補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面；I thought it strange that he failed to call meHe doesnt want it to be known that he is going aboard.4)在在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞之后等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要注意否定前移的賓語(yǔ)從

14、句中，要注意否定前移;I dont think you are right5) 在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等動(dòng)詞以及等動(dòng)詞以及 Im afraid 等后，可用等后，可用so代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語(yǔ)從句，還可用代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語(yǔ)從句，還可用not代替一代替一個(gè)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句：個(gè)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句：一一Do you believe it will clear up? 一一I believe so. / I dont believe so. /I believe not.146) “doubt”后接賓從后接賓從,肯定句時(shí)由肯定句時(shí)由whether/if

15、引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo),否定句或疑問句由否定句或疑問句由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) I whether/if he will come. I dont that he will come. Do you that he will come?7) whether和和if 都可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞之后的賓從都可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞之后的賓從,二二者可互換者可互換.但在正式文體中但在正式文體中,從句有從句有or not時(shí)時(shí),只用只用whether,不用不用if.I wonder if/whether it is right. I dont care whether you like him or not.15做介詞的賓語(yǔ)做介詞的賓語(yǔ)Did she

16、 say anything about how we should do the work?1)作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that很少在介詞后面引導(dǎo)賓從，很少在介詞后面引導(dǎo)賓從，只有在只有在except, but, besides, in等少數(shù)介詞后等少數(shù)介詞后才用才用; Your article is all right except that it is too long2)有時(shí)在介詞和其賓語(yǔ)從句的中間加形式賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)在介詞和其賓語(yǔ)從句的中間加形式賓語(yǔ)it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready3)表示表示“是否是否”的的if不能引導(dǎo)介詞的

17、賓語(yǔ)從句，而不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，而要用要用whether. e.g. We are talking about whether you should do it.16The Predicative Clause表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在從句中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱作表語(yǔ)從句。在從句中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱作表語(yǔ)從句。that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句that 僅起連接作用，無意義，不作任何成分，通常僅起連接作用，無意義，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起不可省略。這種從句往往是對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。e.g. The fact is that one s

18、moker in five will die from smoking.2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接詞連接詞whether起連接作用，起連接作用， 意為意為“是否、究竟、是否、究竟、到底到底”（注意：（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句) 在句中也不在句中也不作任何成分。作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether the man will turn up in time.173. what, which, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句連接代詞連接代詞what, which, who, whom, who

19、se除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，且各有各的詞義。從當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，且各有各的詞義。e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.184. where, w

20、hen, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接副詞連接副詞where, when, why, how在句中通在句中通常沒有疑問意義，而是在句中起連接作用并常沒有疑問意義，而是在句中起連接作用并分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式。分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式。e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended

21、an American wedding.195. 其他連詞其他連詞as if, because, as, as though 引引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，等后面，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g. My anger is because you havent written to

22、 me for a long time.It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.20 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 1. 概念概念: 在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。從句。2. 功能功能: 同位語(yǔ)從句跟在一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句跟在一個(gè)n.后，對(duì)其進(jìn)一后，對(duì)其進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。.213. 用法用法: 常跟的抽象名詞有常跟的抽象名詞有: fact/ feeling/ idea/ reason/ thought/ truth/ order/ suggestion/

23、 doubt/ news/ word/ possibility/ promise/ hope/ belief e.g. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people. I have no idea when he will be back.4. 連詞連詞 that/whether/who/ which/ what /when /where/why/ how同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞有時(shí)也可以分開。同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞有時(shí)也可以分開。e.g. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go b

24、lind.22同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別: :1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞極為有限，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則不計(jì)其數(shù)，可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。 2.引導(dǎo)詞a.有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what 可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句, 但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。e.g. That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問題還沒有考慮。 (同位語(yǔ)從句) .23 b. that在同從中僅起連接作用在同從中僅起連接作用, 不充當(dāng)任何成分不充當(dāng)任何成分, 并且并且不能省略不能省略, 也不能用也不

25、能用which來代替來代替. 而引導(dǎo)定從的而引導(dǎo)定從的that在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (指物時(shí)還可以用指物時(shí)還可以用which代替代替), 并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略。并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略。 e.g.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句, 是對(duì)是對(duì)order的具體解釋的具體解釋, that不作成分不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday wa

26、s that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句, 是名詞是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ), that在從句中作在從句中作received的賓的賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ), 可以省略可以省略) .24c. 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的wh-詞，多具有疑問意詞，多具有疑問意義，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的義，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的wh-詞沒有疑問意義。詞沒有疑問意義。e.g. I have no idea where he has

27、gone. This is the school where I studied.253.3.性質(zhì)上的區(qū)別性質(zhì)上的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋和解釋, ,屬于名詞性從句的范疇屬于名詞性從句的范疇; ;而定語(yǔ)從句是從句而定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制, ,屬于形容詞性從句的范屬于形容詞性從句的范疇疇. .The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。 (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句, 補(bǔ)充

28、說明補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息到底是一個(gè)什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。 (定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句, news在從句中作在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)) .261.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(2004年廣東省卷年廣東省卷 )A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is

29、 whom 高考鏈接【試析試析】這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。連接的并列句。And后是后是一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主語(yǔ)從句則是主語(yǔ)從句則是who it is that Im talking to.而在而在主語(yǔ)從句中，又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主語(yǔ)從句中，又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾who. Who既是一既是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，也在個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，也在it is中作表語(yǔ)中作表語(yǔ).如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn)，說如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn)，說who是是 (talking) to的介詞賓語(yǔ)也可以。的介詞賓語(yǔ)也可以。 .272. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海上海) A. that B. when C.