最全初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)教案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一. 用法：（1）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去 一般過(guò)去式強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)試比較：I have lost my new book.  我把新書(shū)丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書(shū)丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明）My mother went to Shanghai.Where is your mother? -She has gone to Shanghai.I didnt have breakfast.I havent have break

2、fast yet. （2）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、 yet 等副詞修飾。如：-Have you had lunch yet?     -Yes, I have. I've just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示未完成。動(dòng)作從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能以后繼續(xù)。通常和帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。 He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied Eng

3、lish since 1980.（4）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，表示次數(shù)：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times, ever, never等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。She has watched this film three times.I have never seen more beautiful girl than she. 練 習(xí)5. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 6. Ive k

4、nown him _ we were children. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 8. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 9. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二. 構(gòu)成：(1) 肯定句： have / has done(2) 否定句：.have/has not done(3) 一般疑問(wèn)句： Have/ Has . done .? Yes, . have/has. No, .have/has not.(

5、4) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already“已經(jīng)”肯定句的中間和末尾處never“從不”中間處ever“曾經(jīng)”疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處just“剛剛”中間處yet “已經(jīng)” 、“還”疑問(wèn)句、否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.A. already和yet區(qū)別:I have already finished my homework. already用在_，位于_。 “已經(jīng)”Have you finished your homework yet? yet用在_和_中，位于_?！叭匀唬€，已經(jīng)”B.for 與since區(qū)別: for +時(shí)間段 since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)I ha

6、ve lived in Changchun_ two years.I have been here_7 o'clock. 用since和for填空 1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour 9. _ we were children10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here 12, _ she was very young13. _ she was a child 14,

7、 _ more than twenty year三. have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法區(qū)別（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave been here (there) /

8、abroad（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。They have b

9、een to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。（三）.have(has) gone to意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書(shū)店去 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。練 習(xí)I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He

10、_ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.II. 用h

11、ave/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ Dave _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three year

12、s ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 四.注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段

13、時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替。（就是說(shuō)：有for或since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延續(xù)性代詞，必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）。例如：borrow keep,   buy have,    begin/start be on, die be dead,    join be in/be a member of-，come/arrive be here/in, come/get back be back,     go/

14、leave be away(from),   marry be married(to),   練 習(xí)1) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 4)He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.

15、5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I

16、 went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teache

17、r for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed ， open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up ， die be dead leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get t

18、o sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours

19、 ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep ， lose not have ， buy have ， put on wearcatch/get a

20、 cold have a cold ， get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone t

21、o Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for

22、two years.鞏 固 練 習(xí)一根據(jù)提示完成句子他的爺爺去世三年了。His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ How long have you_the bike? 3 我買(mǎi)這本故事書(shū)三年了。I have _this story book_three years.4.他參軍十年了。He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 瑪麗和約翰結(jié)婚有十年了。Mary_ _ _ to John fo

23、r ten years.7. The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 8. I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 9. He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 10.He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _

24、 _. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)一【含義】過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 如:He asked if you had written to Peter.  他問(wèn)你是否給Peter寫(xiě)信了。二【結(jié)構(gòu)】 基本形式:had + 過(guò)去分詞。如:We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.  在半夜之前我們已登上了山頂。 否定形式:had + not + 過(guò)去分詞。如:They hadnt finished the work when we got there. 我們到那兒

25、時(shí),他們還沒(méi)有完成工作。 一般疑問(wèn)句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主語(yǔ) + had. / No, 主語(yǔ) + hadnt. 如:   Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?      他昨天告訴過(guò)你早點(diǎn)兒到那兒?jiǎn)?   Yes, he had. (No, he hadnt.) 是的,他告訴了。(不,他沒(méi)有。). 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：had + been + 過(guò)去分詞。如：When I got there, the windows had been broken.

26、 當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí)，窗戶已經(jīng)被打破了。三【用法】 用在主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如: My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸問(wèn)我是否讀完那本書(shū)了。 用在“after / before / when + 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)從句”或有“by+過(guò)去時(shí)間”的句子中。如:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前,媽媽已經(jīng)把飯做好了。 和由for或since 引導(dǎo)的、表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如:He had worked in that facto

27、ry for five years before he moved here.他搬到這兒前已經(jīng)在那個(gè)廠子工作了五年。<與其他時(shí)態(tài)間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別>1. 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或過(guò)去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，需要特別注意的是：當(dāng)動(dòng)作附帶yesterday、last year等過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。請(qǐng)區(qū)別：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止到去年年底，我已經(jīng)參觀過(guò)七個(gè)不同的城市了。We

28、learned another English song last month. 上個(gè)月我們學(xué)了另一首英文歌曲。2. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在；而表示動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻前已完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為過(guò)去。試比較：I have been there twice. 我去過(guò)那兒兩次。I had been there twice before I went to school. 在我上學(xué)前，我去過(guò)那兒兩次。  練 習(xí)I. 從下面各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(    )1. Did you see Mr

29、. Smith when you were in France?            No, when I _ France, he _ to China.        A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, went        C. got to, had gone D. had got

30、to, would go(     )2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left, had arrived             B. left, arrived C. had left, had arrived     D. had left, arrived(  

31、  )3. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.  A. had learned    B. have learned C. learned          D. will have learned(    )4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten yea

32、rs since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyed    B. was enjoying C. has enjoyed    D. had been enjoying(    )5. Catherine _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written         B. was writtenC. had written