簡單句和疑問句_教案

1、.2019年初三英語語法課程簡單句和疑問句一、課程介紹知識點(diǎn)： 簡單句的根本句型 疑問句一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 根本句型中成分初步斷定和識別 疑問句分類及用法教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 簡單句根本句型中成分?jǐn)喽?反義疑問句的用法二、知識精要1、簡單句的根本句型簡單句的根本形式由一個(gè)主語加一個(gè)謂語構(gòu)成，其他各種句子形式都是由此句型開展而來的，如五大根本句型： 主語+不及物動詞S + V這種句型簡稱為主謂構(gòu)造，其謂語一般都是不及物動詞。The boys are swimming happily. 男孩們正在快樂地游泳。注意：1動詞是不及物動詞，后面不能跟賓語，也無被動語態(tài)。2很多

2、情況下，不及物動詞由副詞或其他的狀語修飾，有的動詞假如不加狀語修飾，句意可能不完好。例如：She lived, She lived in the country.她住在那個(gè)國家。 主語+及物動詞+賓語S +V+O這種句型可稱為主謂賓構(gòu)造，它的謂語一般多是及物動詞或相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語動詞。They will visit the Birds Nest this weekend. 主語謂語賓語他們這周末要去參觀鳥巢。主語+系動詞+表語S+V+P這種句型稱為主系表構(gòu)造，其實(shí)連系動詞在形式上也是一種謂語動詞。It is cool in autumn, and the leaves turn yello

3、w. 秋天涼快，樹葉變黃。系動詞有三類：a. 狀態(tài)的連系動詞有：be, seem, appear, stand, sit, live, stay, keep等；b. 表示感官的連系動詞有：look, sound, smell, feel, taste等；c. 表示變化的連系動詞有：get, go, become, turn, grow等 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語S+V+ IO + DO。這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓構(gòu)造，其謂語應(yīng)是可有雙賓語的及物動詞，兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是間接賓語，一個(gè)是直接賓語。Her father bought her a doll. 主語 謂語 間賓 直賓她父親給她買了個(gè)布

4、娃娃。主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+C這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)造，其補(bǔ)語是賓語補(bǔ)語，與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。We must keep our classroom clean. 主語 謂語 賓語 賓補(bǔ)我們必須保持教室清潔。2、疑問句一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句 一般疑問句一般疑問句的根本構(gòu)造為：be主語其他；助動詞或情態(tài)動詞主語謂語動詞原形其他。對一般疑問句作肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，通常是：Yes，主語be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞；作否認(rèn)答復(fù)時(shí)，通常是：No，主語be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞not。not一般要與前面的詞語構(gòu)成縮略形式。 一般疑問句中需注意的幾個(gè)問題：a

5、. 情態(tài)動詞must提問時(shí)，否認(rèn)答復(fù)用needn't或don't have to。eg：Must I go now？我必須如今就去嗎？Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的。/不，不必。b. 否認(rèn)的一般疑問句通常是以be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞與not的縮略形式開頭，往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、疑心等語氣。注意yes和no在翻譯成中文時(shí)與其原意正好相反。E.g.：Don't you hear of that？難道你沒聽說過這件事？表示驚訝Yes，I do./No，I don't.不，我聽說過。/是的，我沒有聽說過。特殊疑問句由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑

6、問句叫特殊疑問句，不能用Yes或No答復(fù)，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞一般疑問句構(gòu)成。常見疑問代詞有：who，whom，what，which，whose等；疑問副詞有：when，where，how，why，how old，how many，how often，how soon等。常見的特殊疑問句a. 詢問時(shí)間：When did it start？它什么時(shí)候開場的？b. 詢問地點(diǎn)：Where do they come from？他們來自哪里？c. 詢問人或關(guān)系：Who is he？他是誰？Who called you？誰打 給你？Who/Whom are you going wi

7、th？你打算跟誰一起去？d. 詢問原因：Why do you like pandas？你為什么喜歡熊貓？e. 詢問天氣：How is the weather today？今天天氣怎么樣？What is the weather like today？今天天氣怎么樣？f. 詢問頻率：How often do you watch TV？你多久看一次電視？g. 詢問顏色：What color is your schoolbag？你的書包是什么顏色的？h. 詢問年齡：How old is the boy？這男孩多大了？i. 詢問間隔 ：How far is it from your home to sc

8、hool?從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？j. 詢問數(shù)量：How many apples do we need？我們需要多少蘋果？How much honey do we need？我們需要多少蜂蜜？ k. 詢問價(jià)格：How much is the T-shirt？這件T恤衫多少錢？ 選擇疑問句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方作出選擇答復(fù)的問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句中兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接，答復(fù)時(shí)不能用yes或no，要用一個(gè)完好的句子或其省略形式。語調(diào)一般是前升后降。選擇疑問句可以分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊疑問句兩種。a. 一般選擇疑問句：一般疑問句or被選擇的部分？e.g.：Do you li

9、ke apples or pears？你喜歡蘋果還是梨？I like pears.我喜歡梨。b. 特殊選擇疑問句：特殊疑問句A or B?e.g.：Which would you like better，tea or coffee？茶或咖啡，你更喜歡哪一種？I'd like coffee.我喜歡咖啡。反意疑問句反意疑問句是附在陳述句之后，對陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問的句子。反意疑問句由兩部分組成，前一部分為陳述句，后一部分為簡短的一般疑問句。假設(shè)前部分為肯定句，后一部分就要用否認(rèn)形式，而且必須用縮略形式；假設(shè)前一部分用否認(rèn)形式，后一部分就用肯定形式。即：“前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分

10、的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。常見的特殊的反意疑問句a. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有否認(rèn)意義的詞如 hardly，few，little，no，nobody，no one，nothing等時(shí)，附加疑問部分須用肯定形式。但假設(shè)陳述部分含有帶否認(rèn)前綴如im，un，dis等的派生詞，仍作為肯定構(gòu)造，附加疑問句部分用否認(rèn)式。b. I am.反意疑問句附加疑問句部分應(yīng)為aren't I。c. 假如陳述部分是肯定或否認(rèn)的祈使句，疑問部分須用 will you。e. 當(dāng)陳述部分是let's do sth.時(shí)，疑問部分須用shall we來反問；而當(dāng)陳述部分是let sb.do sth.時(shí)，疑問部分用will you

11、 來反問。f. 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時(shí)，附加疑問句部分用“didn't主語或“usedn't主語。如：He used to go to bed late，didn't he/usedn't he？他過去睡覺很晚，對嗎？g. need 的反意疑問句need是實(shí)義動詞。如：We need to come earlier，don't we？我們需要來早點(diǎn)，對嗎？need是情態(tài)動詞。如：We needn't come so early，need we？我們不必來那么早，對嗎？h. 當(dāng)陳述部分主語是不定代詞 nobody，somebody，no

12、 one時(shí)，疑問句部分須用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they，也可以用he；當(dāng)陳述部分主語是不定代詞 nothing，something時(shí)，疑問部分須用代詞it。i. 假設(shè)陳述部分為there be 句型，附加疑問句部分仍用be not there。j. 主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句附加疑問句部分的助動詞與人稱應(yīng)與主句的謂語動詞和人稱保持一致。假設(shè)賓語從句的主語為“I think/suppose/believe等表示說話人的看法，反意疑問句的疑問部分應(yīng)與賓語從句的主謂保持一致。k. 反意疑問句的答復(fù)，無論問題的提法如何，假如事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes；事實(shí)是否認(rèn)的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否認(rèn)構(gòu)造，反意疑問句

13、部分用肯定式提問時(shí)，答復(fù)yes或no與漢語翻譯正好相反，yes要譯成“不，no要譯成“是。如：He likes playing football，doesn't he？他喜歡踢足球，是嗎？Yes，he does./No，he doesn't.是的。/ 不是。His sister didn't attend the meeting，did she？他妹妹沒有參加會議，是嗎？Yes，she did./No，she didn't.不，她參加了。/是的，她沒參加三、要點(diǎn)講練【要點(diǎn)1】簡單句的根本句型【例題】1、請寫出下面的簡單句屬于五種根本類型中的哪一種。S+V S+V

14、+P S+V+O S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+CHis father died last year. The funny boy often makes us laugh. Tom gave me a beautiful present. Yi Jialing is a handsome player. He never buys junk food. Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. The old man found the dog dead the next day. I will show my pictures to you tomo

15、rrow. My dictionary is lost. The cotton feels soft. 【解析】分析句子成分可知 【答案】1. S+V 2. S+V+O+C 3. S+V+IO+DO 4. S+V+P 5. S+V+O 6. S+V+P 7. S+V+O+C 8. S+V+IO+DO 9. S+V+P 10. S+V+P 【要點(diǎn)2】疑問句一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句1、 _ do you go shopping?Sometimes.AHow often BHow long CHow far DHow much【解析】由答語“有時(shí)可知詢問頻率【答案】A2、_ h

16、ave you been in the sports club?Since the first month I came to the school.AHow old BHow long CHow much DHow soon【解析】考察疑問副詞的用法。how old 表示“多大，用來提問年齡；how long 表示“延續(xù)多長時(shí)間，用for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語來答復(fù)；how often 表示“多久一次，指動作的頻率；how soon表示“還要多久才，一般用于將來時(shí)，用“in引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語來答復(fù)。由答語可知，提問的是一段時(shí)間?！敬鸢浮緽3、Is your friend a boy or a

17、 girl? _.ANo，she isn't BA girlCThe girl DYes，she is【解析】選擇疑問句不能用Yes或No答復(fù)，排除A、D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)問句，答復(fù)用a girl?！敬鸢浮緽 4、There is little water in the bottle，_？Ais it Bisn't it Cis there Disn't there【解析】此題考察反意疑問句的用法。句子由there be引導(dǎo)，反意疑問句也應(yīng)由there be構(gòu)成，故排除選項(xiàng)A和B；little意為“很少，幾乎沒有，表示否認(rèn)意義，故反意疑問句用肯定形式?！敬鸢浮緾5、It'

18、s sunny today. Let's fly kites in the park，_？【解析】以let's 引導(dǎo)的反意疑問句應(yīng)用shall we【答案】shall we6、_is the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them are from England. A. WhatB. WhereC. Which D. Who【解析】whats the number of 意為“的數(shù)量是多少?！敬鸢浮緼7、 Excuse me,   can I get to

19、 the nearest bookshop?Go along this road and you will find it on your right.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how【解析】問路句型，How can I get to sp.??！敬鸢浮緿8、   did you work out the problem in such a short time? With Mr. Li's help.A. WhenB. WhereC. HowD. Which【解析】when提問時(shí)間；where提問地點(diǎn)；how提問怎樣；which提問哪一個(gè)【答案】C【即

20、學(xué)即用】選擇適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~Whose which how soon how many who1. _ has a long ruler? 2. _will you buy, this one or that one?3. camera is that?4.  _teachers are there in your school?     About 200. One third of them are men teachers. 5.  -   will the invitations be sent to

21、 our guests? -In three days. 【答案】1.Who     2. Which   3. whose       4. How many      5. How soon      【鏈接中考】_ will the match between HAS and BIG be held? In our school stadiu

22、m. A. When B. Where C. Why D. How【解析】此題考察疑問副詞用法，根據(jù)答句可知問地點(diǎn)，選B?！敬鸢浮緽這周的英文報(bào)紙你看了嗎? _【解析】此題考察一般疑問句，時(shí)態(tài)為如今完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縃ave you read the English newspaper of this week? _ are you going back to London, Tony? At the end of July.A. How B. When C. Why D. Where【解析】此題考察疑問副詞用法，根據(jù)答句可知問時(shí)間，選B?！敬鸢浮緽 Betty, _ do you start

23、celebrating New Year in America? On December 31st.A. When B. Where C. Why D. How 【解析】此題考察疑問副詞用法，根據(jù)答句可知問時(shí)間，選A?！敬鸢浮緼郵件已經(jīng)發(fā)給你了，收到了嗎？_【解析】此題考察一般疑問句，時(shí)態(tài)為如今完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?Have you received it ? 艾爾斯巖Ayers Rock長3600米，高348米。_【解析】此題考察陳述句，時(shí)態(tài)為一般如今時(shí)【答案】 Ayers Rock is 3600 meters long and 348 meters high. 媽媽讓我每天自己整理房間【解析

24、】此題考察簡單句主謂賓賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)造中的動詞不定式?！敬鸢浮縈um asks me to tidy up the room myself every day.大連人口是多少？_【解析】此題考察特殊疑問句?！敬鸢浮縒hats the population of Dalian?四、根底達(dá)標(biāo)1、單項(xiàng)選擇 1Will people live to be 200 years old?_. They can't live so long.A. No, they won't B. No, they don't C. Yes, they do D. Yes, they won't2M

25、y dictionary _ my book are on the desk.A. or B. and C. / D. but3Dont eat hamburgers _ drink tea in your bedroom!A. and B. or C. with D. /4_ human beings _ animals can live without air.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor5You can't have them both. You can choose _ the

26、bike _ the toy car.A. either; or B. both; and C. not only; but also D. neither; nor6_ and see a film this afternoon?Thats a good idea.A. Why dont go B. Why not go C. Why not to go D. Why doesnt go 7_ do you have an English party?Once a month.A. How old B. How far C. How often D. How long8Oh, my God!

27、 I really dont know _next. -Whats wrong? Can I help you ? A. when to do B. how to do it C. how to do D. what to do it 9 How far is it from your home to your school? usually takes twenty minutes to school from my home.A. It; ride B. It; to ride C. Its; ride D. Its; to ride10 exciting moment it is to

28、score three goals against Atletico Madrid!Yeah, Ronaldo is great. He is my hero.A. What an B. What C. How an D. How11 big success the fashion show was!A. What B. How C. What a D. How a12The world top player Lee lost the game against the computer program Alphago._ surprising news!A. What a B. What C. How D. How a【答案】1A2 B3 B4 D5 6 B7 C8 B9 B10 A11A 12B2、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1They _ finish the work in two weeks.2How long _ it _ take to get there tomorrow?3Old people enjoy _ stay in quiet plac