考研英語二-圖表作文寫作方法和模板--非常全-有作用

1、考研英語二 圖表作文寫作方法和模板圖表作文(一)第一節(jié) 圖表作文的類型圖表作文可分為兩大類：表作文和圖作文。表作文表格 (Table) 可以使大量數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)化，便于閱讀、比較。表格常由標(biāo)題 (Title) 、表頭(Boxhead)( 表格的第一行)、側(cè)目 (Stub)( 表格左邊的第一列 )和主體 (Body) 部分 (表格的其余部分 )等部分組成。如下表：用表格表達(dá)的信息具體準(zhǔn)確， 而且表格中的各項均按一定規(guī)律排列。 閱讀表格時要注意找出表格中各個項目的相互關(guān)系， 表格中各個項目的變化規(guī)律。 例如， 上面的表格中的數(shù)字說明，和 1978 年相比， 1983 年大學(xué)入學(xué)的人數(shù)在增加，而小學(xué)的入學(xué)

2、人數(shù)在減少。搞清楚這些變化規(guī)律也就讀懂了表格的內(nèi)容。圖作文圖作文又可分為三種：圓形圖作文、曲線圖作文和條狀圖作文。(1) 圓形圖作文圓形圖 (Pie chart) 也稱為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。圓形圖因為比較形象和直觀，各部分空間大小差別容易分辨，所以常用來表示總量和各分量之間的百分比關(guān)系。整個圓表示總量，楔形塊表示分量。 有時圓形圖還有數(shù)值表， 兩者結(jié)合可把各分量表示得更準(zhǔn)確、 清楚。 例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain.As can be see from t

3、he chart, the main expenditure of an average British family isspent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next twosignificantexpending itemsare transportand housing, whichare 15% and12%respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,the fouress

4、entialsof life,that is, food,transport, housing,and clothingandfootwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲線圖作文曲線圖 (Line graph) 也稱為線性圖或坐標(biāo)圖。 曲線圖最適合表示兩個變量之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展過程和趨勢。 一般來說， 曲線所呈現(xiàn)的形狀比某一點所代表的變量的值更有意義。 曲線圖有橫軸和縱軸。 一般先看橫軸所代表的數(shù)量或時間等， 然后再看縱軸所顯示的意義。 同時必須找出線條所反映的最高或最低的變化。例如：這個曲線圖的橫軸代表1990 年的不同的月份， 縱

5、軸代表交通事故的數(shù)量。 從交通事故曲線圖上可知，前八個月的交通事故的數(shù)量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點 (39) ，此后一直呈下降的趨勢，十二月份降到了最低點 (16) ?？梢姡?1990 年的交通事故的數(shù)量總體上呈下降的趨勢。(3) 條形圖作文條形圖 (Bar graph) 也稱為立柱圖或圓柱圖。條形圖由寬度相同但長度不同的條塊代表不同的量。當(dāng)要比較幾個項目或量時，常用不同顏色來區(qū)分。條形圖主要用來表示： 1) 同一項目在不同時間的量;2) 同一時間不同項目的量。閱讀條形圖時，要先看圖例，再看橫軸、縱橫各代表什么量， 每一個刻度所代表的值是多少， 最后找出圖中各長條所表示的數(shù)據(jù)及各長條

6、間的相互關(guān)系。例如：左邊的條形圖的橫軸代表時間， 縱軸代表期望壽命 (Life Expectancy) ， 這一條形圖想要體現(xiàn)的是同一項目 (期望壽命 )在不同時間的量。右邊的條形圖的橫軸也是代表時間，縱軸是代表嬰兒的死亡率(Infant Mortality) ， 這一條形圖想要體現(xiàn)的也是同一項目(嬰兒的死亡率)在不同時間的量。 左邊的條形圖表明 1990 年的人均期望壽命比1960 年的人均期望壽命長20 歲，而 1990 年的嬰兒死亡率比1960 年的嬰兒死亡率下降了 50% 。第二節(jié) 圖表作文的出題形式例 1 題目： Changes in People s DietStudy the f

7、ollowing table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in people s diet ( 飲食 ) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as p

8、ossible.例 2 題目： Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of wh

9、at will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例 3 For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicHealth Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120words and you sho

10、uld base your composition on the following instructions (givenin Chinese):1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國家的期望壽命 (life expectancy) 和嬰兒死亡率(infantmortality) 的變化情況2. 說明引起變化的各種原因從以上例子可見， 圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個或幾個統(tǒng)計表格、 圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：1) 用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢;2) 就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢或問題分析其原因或后果。第三節(jié) 圖表

11、作文的寫作要領(lǐng)圖表作文著重說明事實，常常是通過對圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實或變化情況等加以說明， 并提出結(jié)論或看法。 因此， 圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。寫好圖表作文， 關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息， 把握各信息間的聯(lián)系， 用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語言把這一信息表達(dá)出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。圖表作文的寫作步驟寫圖表作文時，要注意遵循以下步驟：1) 認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系 ;2) 確定文章的主題思想， 構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架， 篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);3) 編列文章的提綱;4) 根據(jù)文章的提綱， 將各段

12、的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落， 然后將各個段落組成文章， 注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡;5) 檢查與修改。圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫圖表作文時， 常采用三段式的謀篇方式。 文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單地表述為：第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議圖表作文常用的句型(1) 常用的開篇句型( 即概述圖表內(nèi)容時常用的表達(dá)法 ) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/ba

13、r graph, we can see/conclude that 根據(jù)該表/圖，我們可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 該表/ 圖表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graphAs is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart如表/圖所示，(2) 描述增減變化常用的句型 Compared with is still

14、 increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ;then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall

15、/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).下面是根據(jù)例 2 的題目要求寫的范文。 From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton cityfluctuated during the year of 1990.The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. (3)The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. Fro

16、m June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably , and eventually dropped to the lowest poin t 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, it s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主題句 /概述表格反映的內(nèi)容 (5)反映交通事故的

17、變化情況 (6) 小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢 There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force . It providedthat in summer everycar mustbeair-conditioned. (10) As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lea

18、d to car accidents, dropped steadily. (11) Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic.(12) Finally, the city administration made greatefforts to heighten people s awareness of observing traffic rules. 主題句原因 / 措施一解釋措施一 /次要輔助采取措施一后的結(jié)果(11)原因/措

19、施二(12)原因/措施三(13)With all these new measures, I ' m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year. 總結(jié)：展望未來的情況第四節(jié)、 圖表作文練習(xí)及其參考范文下面是寫作練習(xí)，在寫作的過程中注意審題， 考慮文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、采用的擴(kuò)展方法、 開頭 的結(jié)尾的方法以及文章中的過渡等。練習(xí) 1 ： Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compositi

20、on of no less than 120 words on Changes in People s Diet. Study thefollowing table carefully and your composition must be based on the informationgiven in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. state the changes in people s diet ( 飲食 ) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes

21、;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible. Asis shown in thetable, therehavebeen great changes inpeople'sdietbetween1986 and 1990. From thetable,we can find that grain,formerlythemain food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people'

22、sdiet. (3)And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. (4)On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly. What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主題句).(6)First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, th

23、ey can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of abalanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally,owing to the economic reform, meatand milk, which were scarce in the past, are p

24、roduced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too muchrich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.

25、圖表作文(二)一、圖表作文寫作常識1 、圖形種類及概述法：泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表： a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table餅圖： pie chart直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram趨勢曲線圖： line chart / curve diagram表格圖：table流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram程序圖：processing/procedures diagram2 、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows（ that ）According

26、 to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （ is ） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figuresfigures/statistics shows （that）It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is appare

27、nt from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures（that）table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how3 、圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)（ Data ）具體表達(dá)法數(shù)據(jù)（ Data ）在某一個時間段固定不變： fixed in time在一系列的時間段中轉(zhuǎn)變： changes over time持續(xù)變化的 data 在不同情況下：增力口： increase / raise / rise / go up 減少： decrease / grow down / drop

28、 / fall波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：動詞 + 副詞形式( Verb+Adverb form )形容詞 + 名詞形式( Adjective+Noun form )二、相關(guān)常用詞組1 、主章開頭圖表類型： table 、 chart 、 diagramgraph 、 column chart 、 pie graph描述： show 、 describe 、 illustrate 、 can be seen from 、 clear 、 ap

29、parent 、 reveal 、 represent內(nèi)容： figure 、 statistic 、 number 、 percentage 、 proportion2 、表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的單詞或者詞組rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險峻的dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動的significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply銳利的，明顯的，急劇的steep/steeply急劇升降的steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅定不移的gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的slow/slowly 緩慢的

30、，不活躍的slight/slightly 輕微的、略微地stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的3 、其它在描述中的常用到的詞significant changes 圖中一些較大變化noticeable trend 明顯趨勢during the same period 在同一時期grow/grew 增長distribute 分布，區(qū)別unequally 不相等地in the case of adv. 在的情況下in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast 相反，大不相同government policy 政府政策market forces

31、 市場規(guī)率measuren.尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)forecastn.先見，預(yù)見v.預(yù)測三、英語圖表寫作套句精選1 .the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto該表格描述了在年之年間數(shù)量的變化。該柱狀圖展示了2 .the bar chart illustrates that3 .the graph provides some interesting data regarding該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)有趣數(shù)據(jù)。4 .the diagram shows (that) 該圖向我們展示了5 .the pi

32、e graph depicts (that) 該圓形圖揭示了6 .this is a cure graph which describes the trend of這個曲線圖描述了的趨勢。7 .the figures/statistics show (that ) 數(shù)據(jù)(字)表明8 .the tree diagram reveals how 該樹型圖向我們揭示了如何9 .the data/statistics show (that ) 該數(shù)據(jù)(字)可以這樣理解10 .the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that這些數(shù)據(jù)資料

33、令我們得出結(jié)論11 .as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table 如圖所示12 .according to the chart/figures 根據(jù)這些表(數(shù)字)13 .as is shown in the table 如表格所示14 .as can be seen from the diagram ， great changes have taken place in從圖中可以看出，發(fā)生了巨大變化。15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure clear/apparen

34、t from the chart that ,we can see clearly that or it is從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到16 .this is a graph which illustrates 這個圖表向我們展示了17 .this table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto該表格描述了年到年間a與b的比例關(guān)系。18 .the graph ， presented in a pie chart ， shows the general trend in該圖以圓形圖形式描述了總的趨勢。19 .this is a

35、 column chart showing 這是個柱型圖，描述了20 .as can be seen from the graph ， the two curves show the fluctuation of如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了的波動情況。21.over the period fromto the remained level. 在, 至期間， 基本不變。1.1 in the year between and 在年至 U期間1.2 in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998 1995 年至 1998 三年里24 .from then o

36、n/from this time onwards 從那時起25 .the number of remained steady/stable from ( month/year ) to( month/year )。月(年)至月(年)的數(shù)量基本不變。26 .the number sharply went up to 數(shù)字急居 1上升至27 .the percentage of - stayed the same between - and至期間的比率維持不變。28 .the figures peaked at in (month/year ) 的數(shù)目在月(年)達(dá)到頂點，為29 .the perc

37、entage remained steady at 比率維持在30 .the percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比的比例略高31.there is not a great deal of difference betweenand的區(qū)別不大。32 .the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of該圖表表明的數(shù)目增長了三倍。33 decreased year by year while increased steadily.逐年減少，而逐步上升。34 .the s

38、ituation reached a peak （ a high point at ） of%.的情況（局勢）到達(dá)頂（高）點，為百分點。35 .the figures/situation bottomed out in 數(shù)字（情況）在達(dá)到底部。36 .the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.數(shù)字（情況）達(dá)到底部（低谷）。37 .a is times as much/many as b.a 是 b 的倍。38 .a increased by a增長了39 .a increased to a增長到40 .high/low/gr

39、eat/small/ percentage. 比低高（低）41 .there is an upward trend in the number of數(shù)字呈上升趨勢。42 .a considerable increase/decrease occurred from to至U發(fā)生急居 1上升。43 .from tothe rate of decrease slow down.從至U,下降速率減慢。44 .from this year on , there was a gradual declinel reduction in the ,reachinga figure of 從這年起，逐漸下降至

40、45 .be similar to 與相似46 .be the same as 與相同and47 .there are a lot similarities/differences between與之間有許多相似（不同）之處48 .a has something in common with ba 于 b 有共同之處。49 .the difference between a and b lies in a與 b 之間的差別在于50 (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in 年急居 1 上升開頭段轉(zhuǎn)述題目常用句型The line graph describes/

41、illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows后面跟名詞或者從句開頭段或者主體段引出數(shù)據(jù)或者趨勢常用句型According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from 后面跟圖表的類型It can be seen from后面跟圖表的類型thatIt is manifest from后面跟圖表的類型that表示上升的動詞Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended)其中rise 和 increas

42、e 也經(jīng)常作名詞 , grow-growth表示急劇上升的動詞Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared)其中 surge 也可以做名詞表示下降的動詞Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend,其中 decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也經(jīng)常 做名詞表示急劇下降的動詞Plummet/ plunge表示速度快的形容詞Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep副詞加 -ly表示幅度大的形容詞

43、Marked/ substantial / significant, 副詞加 -ly表示緩慢,逐漸的形容詞Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副詞加 -ly表示小幅度的形容詞Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副詞加 -ly表示波動的動詞Fluctuate, 不及物動詞,名詞fluctuation表示穩(wěn)定在一個水平上的動詞Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at表示達(dá)到最高的動詞Peak at/ reach the highest point at

44、 , peak也可以做名詞表示達(dá)到最低的動詞Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom也可以做名詞表示經(jīng)歷了某種變化的及物動詞Experience/ witness/ see表示達(dá)到了多少數(shù)量的及物動詞或詞組Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at表示占（后面跟百分?jǐn)?shù)或數(shù)字）的及物動詞或詞組Account for/ represent / constitute / make up表示數(shù)據(jù)由某幾個部分組成的既無動詞或者詞組注意和 include 區(qū)A

45、 is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D.別表示對未來數(shù)字的預(yù)測的及物動詞Project/ predict / forecast表示 "分別 " 的副詞Respectively in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively.表示 "大約 " 的副詞或者詞組About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just un

46、der圖表作文（作文 1DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these three points:1. effect of the country s growing human population on its wildlife2. possible reason f

47、or the effect3. your suggestion for wildlife protectionl > 1X)11 IAIIO7S<iR<nVTUOEK UMI.岫如5g聞Mk捕加gn 2 2221 ml M J/e二二二 mz=受一【段落類型分析】IA S1VA IKSH)5a ER TIMEJJ*二tJt_M.I1事 下第一段第二段第三段圖畫/圖表描述段原因闡釋段建議措施段文檔【參考范文一】From these graphs,we can drawa conclusion that, with the growthof humanand somealthou

48、ghpopulation, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, species have even vanished from our planet.There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing num

49、ber of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so.They catch a lot of w

50、ild animals and sell them in order to get more money.Consequently, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed.The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, t

51、he governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed.Second, thegovernmentsshouldeducate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as forourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. (210 words)【參考范文二】The two charts show that the increase i

52、n the U.S. population has been accompaniedby a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many specieshave been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance.As the human population expands, wild animals in mounting numbers are huntedfor food, or because they are

53、thought to present a threat to man. But studies showthat one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution, which isone of the consequences of population growth and economic development. Thismakes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.I

54、n my opinion, it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, men must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he

55、himself will be extinct. (167 words)【參考范文三】As is seen from the two graphs, it is clear that with the rapid growth of U.S. population from 1800 to 1990, the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soaredduring the same period.Naturally, we can drawthe conclusionthatthesharp decline of wildl

56、ife species resulted from the population growth.Severalreasons may accountfor this phenomenon.To begin with,asthepopulation grows, people consume much more natural resources. Second, with the increase of human activities, modern people take up more and more space which exerts a great influence on other species. Finally, the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry. More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or