(完整word版)初中定語從句知識點詳解

1、初中定語從句知識點詳解定語從句考點：關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫做定語從句。Eg: He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for-nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成。It is the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下。He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當小綿羊，遲早要喂狼。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成分。先行詞可以

2、為一個詞、短語甚至整個句子。關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于連詞的作用；關(guān)系詞必在從句中充當某個句子成分，可為主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語。一、各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別及具體用法：(一卜1. who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必須賠償。The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑夾克的那個小男孩很聰明。2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓

3、語， 可以省略，若前面有介詞，則不可省略，也不能用that, 例如：Do you know the young man (whom/who) we met at the gate ?你認識我們在門口碰見的那個人嗎？Mr Lee (whom/who) you want to see has come.你想要見面的李先生到了。The man to whom our teacher is speaking is from Canada.=The man who our teacher is speaking to is from Canada.我們老師正在談話的那個男人來自加拿大。3. whose

4、指人，也可指物(擬人化的物)，意思是 “誰的 ” ，在定語從句中作定語。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. (The girl s mother is ill.)那個女生的母親生病了，她今天仍然呆在家。I know the boy whose father is a professor.(The boy s father is a professor.)我認識那個男孩，他的父親是一名教授。I live in a house whose windows face the south. (The house s win

5、dows face the south.) 我居住在一個窗戶朝南的房子里面。4. which 指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語，做賓語時可以省略。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典就是一本可以給出單詞釋義的書。Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 這就是昨天老師提到的那本書。5. that 多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，做賓語時可以省略。例如：I ve read the newspaper that(which) ca

6、rries the important news. 我讀了那份刊載著重要消息的報紙。Who is the boy that/whom I saw this morning? 我早上見到的那個男孩是誰？6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：I ll never fogret the time when we worked on the farm.我永遠不會忘記我們一起在農(nóng)場工作的時候。He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 他在我離開北京的那天到的北京。7. where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the ho

7、use where we lived last year. 這就是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉哪莻€房子。=This is the house which we lived in last year. =This is the house in which we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.他父親工作的那個工廠在這個城市的東邊。=The factory which his father works in is in the east of the city.=The factory

8、in which his father works is in the east of the city.8. why 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語：I don t knothwe reason why he looks sad today. 我不知道他今天看起來難過的原因。Could you please explain the reason why you were late? 你可以解釋下遲到的原因嗎？（二）關(guān)系代詞和冠詞副詞引導的從句有什么區(qū)別？關(guān)鍵點：1、關(guān)系副詞在從句中是做狀語 ，只做狀語，不能做其他的成分。2、關(guān)系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”引導的從句替換。why

9、=for whichwhere=in/on/at /to which（介詞同先行詞搭配）when=during/on/in/over which （介詞從同先行詞搭配）注意： 介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略介詞后面不能用 that 。eg： The reason why he refused the invitation is clear. 他拒絕邀請的理由顯而易見。=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.

10、我出生的地方發(fā)生了巨大的變化。=Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.The time when we got together finally came. 我們團聚的時刻最終到來了。=The time in/during which we got together finally came.注表示時間而片詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當然也不用that引導。Eg: By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for t

11、wo weeks.到你來倫敦的時候，我們已經(jīng)在那里待了兩天了。I liked the sea city the first time I went there. 我第一次來到那個海濱城市就愛上了它。例題一：1、 He has forgotten the day he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which解題思路：此題中，從句是he arrived ，它已經(jīng)是一個完整的句子，因此，這里要填一個在從句中充當狀語的成分， C 選項和 D 選項都不能做在從句中作狀語，因此排除掉， the day指的是時間，因此，要填上表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when。練習題 1

12、 ：1. The moon is a world there is no life.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. why2. Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when3. This is the place I have ever visited.A. there B. whenC. where D. which4. He still remembers the days he spent with your family.A. when B. w

13、here C. that D. on which5. He got to the village his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where6. This is the house I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where7. This is the house our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. whenD. where8. He

14、didn t tell me the place he woarsn.bA. that B. which C. when D. where例題二：用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復合句The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.解題思路： 所謂定語從句，就是把兩句話壓縮成一句話， 而且，這兩句話肯定輝提到同一個東西， 因此，首先要找兩句話都提到了的東西，此題中， 兩句話都提到了同一個東西 個人(the boy ,he)這就是共同點，人我們是用 who或whom表示，兩句話都是做主語，因此，只能用在從句中作主語的who

15、,不能在從句中做賓語的whom,因此，答案是： The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.練習題 2 ：將下列兩個句子合并成一個含定于從句的句子。1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.2. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.3. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.4. The man w

16、aved to us. The man was my uncle.例題三：用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復合句This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.解題思路：還是找兩句話都提到了的那個共同點，是the hall （it） ,在第二句話中in it 是做定點狀語，因此可以用 where 代替，因此，答案是： This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.=This is the hall in which we li

17、stened to the report the other day.練習題 3 ：1、 Beijing Hotel is near Tian anmen Square. The foreign visitors live there.2、 I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.3、 I prefer the subject. The subject is science.4、 I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. The house

18、we live in is very big.2. The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present he gave me for my birthday.4. The man talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.7. She wears a gold ring, is very uncommon in our class.8. We vis

19、ited a factory makes toys for children.9. Is this the place your father once lived?10. I ll never forget the days I joined the League.二、只用 that 的情況：1 .只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1) 先行詞是 nothing, anything,everything, all, few, little,some, much, none, the one 等不定代詞時。例如： All that he said is true. 他所說的一切都是真的

20、。(2) 先行詞被 only, no, any, all,little,few,much,the same,the last 等詞修飾時。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.他是唯一一個去過那個地方的外國人。(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. 他是第二個告訴我這個秘密的人。(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞：This is the best book (that) I have re

21、ad this year. 這是我今年讀過的最好的一本書。(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 他聊了他記得的人和事。(6) 當先行詞前面有who,which 等詞時：Who is the man that is sitting there? 坐在那的那個人是誰？Which is the coat that fits me most? 最適合我的外套是那件？(7)被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時：Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a bas

22、in of water. Now you can see the two that arestill alive. 昨天我抓了兩條魚放進了水池，現(xiàn)在你可以看見它倆還活得好好的。(8)如果有兩個從句， 其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用 which, 另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用 that ， 以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復。Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.愛迪生建立一個工廠生產(chǎn)那些從未見過的東西。(9)主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞，如：角落里還有個座位是空的。Th

23、ere is still a seat in the corner that is still free.that。(10)被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時，該關(guān)系代詞宜用That s a good book that will help you a lot. 這是本能給你巨大幫助的好書。My home village is no longer the place (that) it used to be.我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前的那個鄉(xiāng)村了。練習題：1. There is nothing in the world can frighten him.A.which B.tha

24、t C.where D.who三、只能用 which ，不用 that 的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.會議推遲了，這正是我們所希望的。(2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他正談論的事情非常重要。(3)在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了 that ，另一個宜用which.Let me show you th

25、e novel that I borrowed from the library, which was newly open to us.我給你看看我從新開放的圖書里借來的這本小說。At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and whichI could pass on to others when I finished them.在車站我買了一些可以打發(fā)火車上的時間的雜志，讀完后我還可以把它們傳給其他人看。(4) 當關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時：Here is

26、the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.這是英語語法書，正如我告訴你的那樣，它可以幫助你提高英語。(5)先行詞本身是that,宜用which.What s that which she is looking at?她正在看什么？(6)先行詞是those+復數(shù)名詞A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店應該儲存大量暢銷商品。四、who和that指代人時，有些情況宜用who,而不用that。11) 先行

27、詞為 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people, the one等時，Eg:The person I want to learn from is the one who studied hard and works well.我想要學習的那個人不但學習勤奮，工作也很努力。Anyone who/whoever failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.任何缺席昨天會議的人都必須給出理由。Those who are not fit the work

28、 must leave the office at once.那些不適合這份工作的人必須立刻離開辦公室。(2)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定于從句宜用關(guān)系代詞 who 指代人，如：There is a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位先生想要見你。(3)先行詞有較長的短語時：I met a foreigner at the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.昨天下午在公園里面我遇見了一個中文說得很好的外國人。(4)一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，一個用that,另外一個宜

29、用who :The student that was praised at the yesterday s meeting is our monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 昨天在大會上被表揚的學生是我們的班長，他既謙虛學習又勤奮。He is one of the most famous singers who we 've ever known.(定語從句修飾 singers)他是我們知道的最受歡迎的歌手之一。He is the one of the most famous singers who we ve ever kn

30、own.( 定語從句修飾he)他是最受歡迎的歌手當中我們熟知的一位。練習題：1. He lived in a small village, was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when專項練習一、填空題：用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. I still remember the night I first came to the house.2. I'll never forget the daywe met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going

31、to Beijing in October, is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days I spent with your family.5. I'll never forget the last daywe spent together.6. This is the school I used to study.7. Do you still remember the placewe visited last week?8. Do you still remember the placewe visited th

32、e painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,is the capital of China.13. There was a time there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the th

33、ird time you have made the same mistake.15. This is the very novel aboutwe've talked so much.16. Who is the student was late for school today?17. Who knows him wants to make friends with him?18. He lives in the roomwindow faces to the south.19. This is the hourthe place is always full of women a

34、nd children.20. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful placeyou may spend your weekend.二、單選題1. Don t talk about such things of you are not sure.A. which B. what C. that D. those2. Is this the factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory some forei

35、gn friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one4. Is this the factory he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn t be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature water changes i

36、nto ice.A. at whichB. on thatC. in whichD. of what7. This book will show you can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed8. The reason is he is unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. whether9

37、. I ll tell you he told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which11. I have bought the same dress she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what12. He failed in the examination, made his fath

38、er very angry.A. which B. it C. that D. what13. We re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert weattended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that14. The girl an English song in the next room is Tom s sister.A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing15. Those not onl

39、y from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyone this opinion may speak out.A. that against B. who against C. who is against D. who are against17. Didn t you see the man ?A. I nodded just nowB. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just now

40、D. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about19. Is there anything to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belongD. which belongs20. “ How do you like the book? ” “ It s quite different from I read last month.”A. that B. whichC. the oneD. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except who hadalready