大學英語四級作文講義

1、完型填空做題技巧（一）Prep Tips for Cloze I做題步驟：1、通讀全文，了解文章大意；文章兩種模式：總分、對比；2、初選答案（排除法、優(yōu)選法）；3、尋找線索；4、回頭補缺；5、核實答案。 II出題重點：1詞語的辨析：1）同義詞； 2）反義詞； 3）形近詞； 形近詞舉例：Test 2 . or down frightening hillsides to towns _87_ in deep valleys. 87. A) lying B) laying C) laid D) lied 注：說謊：lie lied lied lying 躺：lie lay lain lying 放置

2、，下蛋：lay laid laid laying2邏輯關系：1）列舉/種屬關系：suchas; especially; in particular; specifically; for example; for instance; likely;2）因果關系：because (for); due to; owing to; thanks to; since; for; as; for the reason that; seeing that;3）并列/遞進：besides; likewise; moreover; also; too; whats more; apart from; excep

3、t; furthermore; not nolybut also.; in addition;4）轉(zhuǎn)折/讓步關系：however; but; never the less; nonetheless; whereas; still; though; although; anyhow; anyway; in any case; yet;5）對比關系：by contrast; in contrast; by comparison; like; asas; on the contrary; conversely; oppositely; .than.;邏輯關系舉例1：Test 4Sometimes h

4、omework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.76. A) by B) in C) for D) with邏輯關系舉例2：Test 2The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. _71_ these wide modern roads are gene

5、rally _72_ and well maintained, with _73_ sharp curves and many straight _74_, a direct route is not always the most _ 75_ one. 71. A) AlthoughB) SinceC) Because D) Therefore72. A) stableB) splendidC) smoothD) complicated73. A) littleB) fewC) muchD) many74. A) selectionsB) separationsC) seriesD) sec

6、tions75. A) terribleB) possibleC) enjoyableD) profitable3固定結(jié)構的識別：提高閱讀的速度、對于內(nèi)容有合理的預期、有利于總體把握文章：eitheror; neithernor; tooto; sothat; notuntil; hardlywhen; no soonerthan; not onlybut also固定結(jié)構舉例：Test 3 76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nati

7、on. Or an 78 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 81 starts with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act

8、 83 each other. but when geography is considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the other.76. A) SomeB) ManyC) MostD) Few77. A) outsideB) exceptC) asD) like81. A) secondB) laterC) nextD) latter2搭配：例如：a. + n.; ad. + v. ; take advantage of.; make use of.等；3動詞用法：1）主謂一致； 2）時態(tài)； 3）語態(tài)； 4）非謂語動詞；

9、4介詞用法：1）介詞與名詞； 2）介詞與動詞； 3）介詞與形容詞；.寫作的重要性 6分最低限，只要結(jié)構不出錯，得分應該為9分。評判作文四級考試作文主要看內(nèi)容、結(jié)構、語言三個方面。內(nèi)容不跑題即可，注意：1.不要妄圖以情動人；2.不要妄圖在構思上出奇制勝。結(jié)構上牢記總分總：先寫主題句(Topic Sentence)，再寫分論點，最后寫總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。語言最重要，往往使評分產(chǎn)生重大差異，語言要模仿和包裝?；颈磉_人們認為：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that越來越：be increasingly + adj., be

10、on the rise, the growing number of萬能理由（Omnipotence）1. 方便：convenient/ convenience2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency3. 節(jié)省和浪費：save time/ money/ space; economical, 4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conserat

11、ive5. 人的身體健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6. 娛樂：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainment, relax, tired, boring, lonely7. 環(huán)境：environment, pollute, dirty8. 安全和危險：safe, danger, risk9. 經(jīng)驗：experience, social experience, enter the society10. 人際：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, f

12、reedom, freely寫完之后修改注意：（內(nèi)容方面盡量不要修改）1、字母大小寫 2、怪符號 3、單詞拼寫 4、主謂一致 5、動詞時態(tài) 6、名詞單復數(shù)I、對比觀點選擇題IV、書信題的寫作方法V、諺語格言題邏輯結(jié)構III、圖表題（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）II、社會熱點話題寫作邏輯結(jié)構實例一題目：BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China提綱：（1）為什么自行車在中國這樣普及（2）和汽車的比較（3）自行車在中國的前途Score: 8 Bicycle is an important me

13、ans of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it

14、to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport. The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doe

15、snt ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isnt too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesnt need any oil, and it cant cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car. In the future, bicycle will be widel

16、y used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles.Score: 14Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles

17、 to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.注：1. 第一句總寫，第二句和第三句分寫，最后總寫。 2. During the rush hour 分詞結(jié)構開頭。 3. 破折號內(nèi)容為同位語,句式多變化。Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for healt

18、h. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.注：1. Compared with

19、cars 分詞結(jié)構開頭。 2. be superior to/ be inferior to 優(yōu)于/ 低于 3. thirst, second, third 英語語言有層次感，信號詞 4. cheap 便宜，最好用inexpensive 5. be good for health 對健康有好處（萬能理由） 6. Moreover 表示遞進In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, r

20、iding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.注：promising 有前途的 a promising young manScore: 11 There millions of bicycles in todays China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in peoples daily lives. Because

21、 to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the riders strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.注：第一句應該用there be結(jié)構Compared with a car, a bicycle is

22、 much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of Chinas bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced

23、 by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that its quality will be improved.I、對比觀點選擇題：1.有人認為； 2.另外一些人認為； 3.談談你的觀點和看法。（最好寫成4段）實例二 99年6月真題Reading

24、Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1. 有人認為讀書要有選擇2. 有人認為應當博覽群書 3. 我的想法How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are

25、published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today'

26、s society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Whos right? I think both of them hav

27、e something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構：（啟）Paragraph I：（1）引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點； （2）簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。Score: 14分How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has

28、his own view.（啟）注：第一句提出問題，第二句提出兩種見解典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構：（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一種觀點或優(yōu)點；（2）本段的支持性分論點；（3）本段總結(jié)（可以省略）。Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the

29、 books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）注：1. 本段總分總結(jié)構 2. they argue that = they think that 3. with the development of. 隨著的發(fā)展 4. what's more

30、遞進關系，moreover 5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構：（轉(zhuǎn)）Paragraph III：（1）承上啟下的過渡句； （2）提出另一種觀點或缺點；（3）本段的支持性分論點（4）本段總（可以省略）。But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to s

31、ucceed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（轉(zhuǎn)）注：1. But 轉(zhuǎn)折詞（信號詞） 2. they emphasize that = they think that 3. today's society is not what it was 現(xiàn)代社會今昔非比 4. 許多知識 a wide range of

32、 knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge； 獲取知識 acquire/ get knowledge 5. knows nothinglittle；he may be uselesshe may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構：（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡兩種看法；（2）給出自己的觀點。Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we s

33、hould read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）Score: 11分When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.注：結(jié)構非常好，可以

34、套用。Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never

35、touch the bad books.注：1.“people, who.,”應去掉逗號，改為限制性定語從句。 2. as many as bad books 改為 as many as bad ones 3. lead us to the wrong way 改為 lead sb. astray 4. they suggest that = they think that 5. touch 碰（閃光點詞匯：shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩負起責任）But, the other people, who hold that readin

36、g extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.注：1. hold 認為 同樣表

37、示“think”的詞還有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold 2. the best book 在西方國家是“圣經(jīng)”的意思 3. to know more, to read more 錯誤，中式英語To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of

38、reading. 范文22. Is Television a Blessing or a Curse?Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in peoples lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse. 注：it is generally accepted that 人們通常認為As is often pointed out by so

39、me people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive s

40、cenes of nature are brought right into ones room.注：1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that 2. “使”不用make，而用keep, allow, offerHowever, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major

41、 one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes

42、, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determi

43、nes its value to society.范文5. Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food a

44、nd try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.注：geographical and historical 押尾韻，如：押頭韻 clear & clean Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money

45、 and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and lov

46、e.注：1. in practice = I think 2. does more good than harm 好處比壞處多，其他表達方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3. enable 使范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test

47、(CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who exc

48、el in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.使句子具有表現(xiàn)力的手段：1、用形容詞修飾名詞；2、副詞修飾動詞、副詞修飾形容詞On the oth

49、er hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already u

50、nder considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck. In my opinion, a

51、test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice

52、 oral English in the remaining years of my college study.范文21. Should smoking be banned?Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say th

53、at giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.注：1. vary greatly 許多種2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清氣爽 4. Giving and being given 給與被給。主、被動關系在英文中用現(xiàn)在、過去分詞

54、表達。But other people consider it very harmful to peoples health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctors warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart att

55、ack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to peoples life and property.注：1.They have heard the official reports that . 官方報告表明. 2. be more likely to 更有可能，更容易3. chance 可能There is some truth in both arguments, but humans life and property

56、 outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, cant we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注：1. outweigh 比重要，同樣的表達：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2. 最后用兩句反問句結(jié)尾，非常精妙。課后作業(yè) Private Cars寫成4段的首段寫法： In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely. With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Ch