公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解測(cè)試題及答案

1、公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解測(cè)試題及答案閱讀理解part AEarly in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War ，an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy.demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we se

2、ek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." ? Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of l

3、ife in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.? Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatche

4、d in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.? Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of charac

5、ter, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.? Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially

6、 social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.? Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剝奪得一無(wú)所有的) peasants slash, and burn thei

7、r way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.? If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption

8、 can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A) led to the reform of the retailing systemB) resulted in the worship of consumerismC )ve rise to the dominance of the new egoismD) gave birth to

9、a new generation of upper class consumers2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption isA) the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsB) the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consumeC) the imbalance that has existed bet

10、ween production and consumptionD) the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.C) Because tra

11、ditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .A) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot th

12、rive on a fragile economyD) cannot satisfy human spiritual needs5. It can be inferred from the passage that .A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD)

13、there is never an end to satisfying people's material needs參考答案：1-5 BBDDCpart BNonverbal CommunicationsAlthough most of us believe that we communicate almost exclusively with words, research has shown that nonverbal communication is at least as important. Gestures and tone of voice are important

14、 cues in determining others responses to us. Individuals who are not aware of information conveyed nonverbally are at a social disadvantage. In fact, children who fail to “read” such messages tend to be unpopular and underachievers. Children who are overeager or speak loudly, for example, may offend

15、 other children, or adults. When they fail to adjust their behavior on the basis of others responses, they aggravate the situation.Adults may offend their peers also by their inattention to nonverbal responses. The sense of personal space varies among individuals and cultures. The salesman who puts

16、his arm around the shoulder of a prospective buyer should realize the possible consequences of his gesture. physical contact conveys sense of intimacy that the relationship may or may not warrant. Standing very close to someone during a face-to-face conversation may produce a negative reaction. In f

17、act, you may observe the person back away. practice and traditions are more permissive in some cultures than in ours. In Latin American countries between conversationalists is smaller than it is in the United States. In most situations, however, regardless of power often take or receive more space.

18、picture a chairperson at a board or committee meeting sitting at the head or commanding center of the table. Think of the teacher whose large desk is surrounded by more space than the students smaller desks.Tone of voice also conveys messages and emotions. “Beautiful” may be used to describe bouquet

19、 of roses or a black eye, but the tone of voice will not be the same. “Thanks a lot” can be said with genuine gratitude or with sarcasm.Dog trainers report that dogs respond to tone of voice than to the particular words that are said. Dogs are often praised in a consistent tone of voice that may be

20、slightly high-pitched and somewhat singsong. They will respond to this tone of voice with wagging tails even if the words dont match.6. The main point of the article is that_.A. dogs and humans communicate the same way.B. gestures and tone of voice convey a great deal of information.C. our system of

21、 communication is changing rapidly.D. only human beings are capable of verbal communication.7. Nonverbal communication is important for_.A. interpersonal relationshipsB. dog trainingsC. foreign travelD. communication between humans and other animals8. According to the article, communication problems

22、 arise when_.A. people send the wrong signalsB. individual miss nonverbal cuesC. culture clashD. people use the same signal to mean differently9. The issue of personal space is related to_.A. religious valuesB. shynessC. powerD. privacy10. The author includes the example about dogs to show that_.A. dogs are important tooB. nonverbal commun