現(xiàn)在分詞與高考

1、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法是近年來各地高考英語試卷?？紵狳c，由于其意思多，用法復雜，給高考考生帶來一定難度，為了更好地掌握和運用現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)把現(xiàn)在分詞用法作一小結：一，現(xiàn)在分詞的構成：在動詞原形之后加 “ing,”表示正 在進行?，F(xiàn)在分詞具有動詞詞性，因此有時態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化。以 “do為例，變化形式如下：二，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中的作用1 ，作狀語：相當于一個狀語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語必須與主語保持一致。在句中可表時間、原因、讓步、行為方式、伴隨情況等，可轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從 句。1 ）表時間：相當于時間狀語從句例如： Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.可轉(zhuǎn)換成

2、 When I was walking in the street, I met a friend of mine考例： （ 2004北京） inthe queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that hehad left his wallet at home.To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 答案： C ?，F(xiàn)在 分詞的完成時作時間狀語，強調(diào)having waited這個動作在主句謂語realized之前發(fā)生。2）表原因：相當于原因狀語從句例如： Being i

3、ll this morning, Xiao Hong didn t go to school.可轉(zhuǎn)換成 Because/As Xao Hong was ill this morning,she didn ' t gcrto school. 例：（2004廣東） the programme ,they have to stay there for another twoweeks.ANot completing B. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed答案：C。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時彳原因狀語，強調(diào) not

4、having completed這個 動作在主句謂語have to stay之前發(fā)生。分詞的否定形式總是 “not+ing,”不能用 D。3）表讓步：相當于讓步狀語從句例如： Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.1轉(zhuǎn) 換成 Although he had been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes考 例：（2007 陜西） thatshe didn t do a good job, I don t think I m ablerhe

5、r.A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying答案：C。現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語。邏輯主語即是主句主語。Having said表示一個已經(jīng)完成的動作。4）表行為方式、伴隨情況等：例如：（2007 天津）The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden onesat the entrance， letting in the natural light during the day.考例：（2007 湖南）As the light turned green, I stood for a mome

6、nt,not, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved答案：B。 not moving 在句子中作stood for a moment 的伴隨狀語。2作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語可置于被修飾的名詞前，也可置于被修飾的名詞后。置于被修飾的名詞之后的現(xiàn)在分詞相當于一個定語從句。表正在進行。例如： The houses being built are for the teachers.可轉(zhuǎn)換成The houses which/that are being built are f

7、or the teachers.考例：（2007全國2） At the beginning of class,the noise of deskscouldbe heard outside the classroom.A opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close答案：C。書桌與現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作為被動關系。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在 開和關。注：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式只作定語不作狀語。這是與過去分詞的最大區(qū)別。3 .作表語：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，主語多為物，表某物具有某種

8、性質(zhì)特征。例如： The film I saw yesterday was moving.考例：（2002上海）It is believed that if a book is,it will surelythereader.A. interested ; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest答案：D?，F(xiàn)在分詞形式interesting表示具有令人感興趣的特征，主語多為 物，過去分詞形式interested 表示處于狀態(tài)，主語通常是人。4 .作補

9、足語：表正在進行例如：I heard her singing english song when I passed by her room yesterday. 例：（2003全國） A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin thekitchen.A.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked答案：B。 smoking 作主語補足語。注意沒有find sb do sth 的說法。本題設空處為if從句中主語（he=the cook）的補足語，結構較為復雜。原句可以轉(zhuǎn)化 為學生更熟習的主動語態(tài)結構：if s

10、omeone finds him smoking in the kitchen.匕處smoking為賓語補足語。三、現(xiàn)在分詞用于獨立主構：獨立主構在英語中主要功能是作狀語，因此現(xiàn)在分詞在此結構中也是作狀語（時間、原因、讓步、伴隨等），表正在進 行、表主動、與主句主語無邏輯關系。例如：Xiao Wang falling ill, we had to look after him.（表原因）考例：（2007 山東） The country has already sent up three unmannedspacecrafts,the most recentat the end of last

11、March.A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched答案：B。兩個句子之間是逗號，又無連詞，構不成簡單句，故排出A。又因動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，與主語是被動關系，選B 最準確。表時間。四、現(xiàn)在分詞用于with 復合結構：作狀語。表時間、原因、讓步、伴隨等，表正在進行、表主動。例如：With my baby sleeping in bed , I couldn ' t leaVehere.）考例：（ 2007 福建） -Come on, please give me some i

12、dea about the project.-Sorry,with some much workmy mind,I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled答案：B。這是一個帶with的獨立結構，工作正充斥著頭腦”是主動關系。因此可排出filled 和 being fill; to fill 是不定式，表將來。因此答案只能是filling，表主動、表正在進行。五、現(xiàn)在分詞構成的短語和搭配：在句中作狀語。其形式的選擇不受上下文影響，也稱獨立成分。常見的有：1 Generally speaking （一般來說

13、）考例： （2005全國 田）,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally答案：C。這是固定搭配。2 Frankly speaking （坦白地說）例如： Frankly speaking, our class master is a strict woman.3 .Judging from （根據(jù)來判定）例如： Judging from his accent, he is from the south.注：無 Judged from 的說法。4 . Consideri