2011年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專攻：動詞時態(tài)(1)

1、動詞動詞謂語動詞謂語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)時態(tài)、語態(tài)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣非謂語動非謂語動詞詞不定式不定式動名詞動名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動詞動詞 語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài)主動主動被動被動一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般過去時一般過去時vedwas / were + Vp.p一般將來時一般將來時will + v.will be + Vp.p過去將來時過去將來時would + v.would be + Vp.p過去完成時過去完成時had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時have /has + Vp.phave /has bee

2、n + Vp.p將來完成時將來完成時will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + Vp.p過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1 1、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常考、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r態(tài)為：的時態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)進(jìn) 行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)

3、在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。2 2、時間、條件、讓步等、時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)； 主從句時態(tài)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。呼應(yīng)問題。3 3、幾種時態(tài)的替代問題幾種時態(tài)的替代問題. .最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now, 現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years

4、, always, recently 一般過去一般過去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過去進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 過去完成過去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般將來一般將來next, tomorrow, in 過去將來過去將來多用在間接引語中表示

5、發(fā)生在謂語動作以后多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后的動作的動作1 1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1 1） 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A .will play B. have played C. played D. play2.-_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would

6、you see D. Have you seen 3.We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside.A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get1 1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法一般現(xiàn)在時的用法2 2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)或表示格言或警句?？陀^真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea

7、water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served-The girl _ weight recently. -Yes , she _ too much.A. has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats1 1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 3 3）按火車、汽車、飛機(jī)

8、等時刻表將要發(fā)生的事。此時句按火車、汽車、飛機(jī)等時刻表將要發(fā)生的事。此時句中有時有將來的時間狀語，但不用將來時。此時主主語中有時有將來的時間狀語，但不用將來時。此時主主語是物：車，船，飛機(jī)等是物：車，船，飛機(jī)等 The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4 4）在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。時代替一般將來時。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses away befo

9、re they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken Ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when you _ a

10、 bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 2 2 一般過去時的用法一般過去時的用法 1 1）表示過去發(fā)生的，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài)。）表示過去發(fā)生的，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài)。1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates

11、for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave2 2 一般過去時的用法一般過

12、去時的用法 2 2）注意：一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別注意：一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別： 一般過去時表示一個完成的動作，而過去進(jìn)行一般過去時表示一個完成的動作，而過去進(jìn)行時則表示一個沒有完成且正在進(jìn)行的動作。時則表示一個沒有完成且正在進(jìn)行的動作。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我今天上午我寫寫了了一封信。（信已寫完）一封信。（信已寫完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上今天上午我午我在寫在寫一封信。（正在寫，不一定寫完）一封信。（正在寫，不一定寫完） 1.-Has Tommy finished his j

13、ob yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her

14、 nervousness_. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown4.-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you. -You _ your temper but thats OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. 3. 一般將來時1 .1 .一般將來時表示計劃、打算、企圖做某事或來注一般將來時表示計劃、打算、企圖做某事或來注定要發(fā)生的事情。定要發(fā)生的事情。2 .2 .表示將來時的四種形式表示將來時的四種形式wil

15、l /shall +will /shall +動詞原形動詞原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么) )be to do be to do be going to be going to 有很強(qiáng)的計劃性，打算干什么，而有很強(qiáng)的計劃性，打算干什么，而willwill表示談話時臨時決定的意圖，具有臨時性和偶然表示談話時臨時決定的意圖，具有臨時性和偶然性。性。 -The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it.

16、-I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about toA. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

17、 A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to be going to 可用來表達(dá)某種跡象要發(fā)生的事。而可用來表達(dá)某種跡象要發(fā)生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.3. be to3. be to和和be going to be going to 表示約定、計劃或職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)表示約定、計劃或職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)生的動作。生的動作。 be to do be to do 安排

18、將要干什么，有很強(qiáng)的計劃性，安排將要干什么，有很強(qiáng)的計劃性，有時有時=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事. .be going to be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play footbal

19、l tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”， 表示即將發(fā)生的動作，表示即將發(fā)生的動作，不與表示將來的時間狀語連用不與表示將來的時間狀語連用。常與常與when when 連用，連用，when when 此時意思：此時意思： 就在這時，是并列連就在這時，是并列連詞詞 構(gòu)成句型：構(gòu)成句型： be about to do be about to do whenwhen. . I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained. it

20、rained. 特別注意特別注意（1 1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，特別用于車、船、飛機(jī)一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，特別用于車、船、飛機(jī)等時刻表中安排好的。等時刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(盡管有盡管有tomorrow, tomorrow, 但沒有但沒有will ,be going to )will ,be going to )（2 2）某些瞬間動詞某些瞬間動詞“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, t

21、ake ”begin, fly, take ”等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將要發(fā)生的動等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。作。 Ive won a holiday for two to FloriaIve won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum. I _my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been been 4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 1 1表示說話時正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)。表示說話時正在進(jìn)行

22、而尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)。2 2表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作 ，但說話時不一定正，但說話時不一定正在進(jìn)行。在進(jìn)行。I dont really work here. Im helping until the I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes.new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy

23、 task because technology_ so rapidly. easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she _ just now. -In fact.

24、I think she _ just now.A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud Please call again. Jim _ a bath just Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now.now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has has My m

25、oney _. I must go to the bank to My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.none in hand.A. has run out B. is running out C. has been A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out ru

26、n out D. is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearingwere wearing特殊用性：特殊用性： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示一般將來時，常用于下列動詞：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示一般將來

27、時，常用于下列動詞：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drivego ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，taketake等。等。 WeWere moving re moving to the new building to the new building next week.next week. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always, continually , constantly, never always, continually , constantly, never

28、 等連用，等連用，表示表示厭惡或贊揚(yáng)的感情色彩厭惡或贊揚(yáng)的感情色彩。 You You are always forgettingare always forgetting the important things. the important things. 1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in 1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in you room!you room!A. always throw B. have always thrown A. always throw B. have alwa

29、ys thrown C. are always throwing D. have always C. are always throwing D. have always been thrownbeen thrown2.You _ television. Why not do something 2.You _ television. Why not do something more active?more active? A. always watch B. are always watching A. always watch B. are always watching C. have

30、 always watched D. have always been C. have always watched D. have always been watchingwatching3 3有些詞不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)：表示有些詞不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)：表示“存在、所存在、所有、知覺、認(rèn)識，情感有、知覺、認(rèn)識，情感”等狀態(tài)等狀態(tài)存在存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , containcontain所有所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hol

31、d have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知覺知覺： sound(sound(聽起來聽起來) )， look /seem /appear (look /seem /appear (看看起來起來) )， ( (看起來看起來), ), smellsmell（聞起來）（聞起來）, taste, taste（嘗起來）（嘗起來）,feel (,feel (摸起摸起來來) ) ， see , hear , see , hear , 認(rèn)識認(rèn)識： understand, know, suppose, remember, understand, know, suppose,

32、 remember, admit, forget, believe, thinkadmit, forget, believe, think情感情感：like, love, hate , prefer, like, love, hate , prefer, 5.過去進(jìn)行時 1 1表示表示 過去某一時間正進(jìn)行的動作過去某一時間正進(jìn)行的動作 。通常有時間。通常有時間狀語（從句），或由上下文表示。狀語（從句），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going?1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorr

33、y ._. -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I was nt C. I havent noticing D. I was nt noticing noticing 2.-Hey ,what did I say? 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I

34、 A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listendont listened D. I didnt listen2 2 表示表示 過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作，但這個動作可以完，過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作，但這個動作可以完，也可以不一定完成。也可以不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-Why didnt you join us last night? -I _ the live programs on the war between Ira

35、q and the -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.States. A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watchingwatching-Why werent you at the meeting?-Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call f

36、rom my father in Australia. -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about

37、you . We _ you back much earlier all through the night._ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are , expect B. were, had expected A. are , expect B. were, had expected C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expectingC. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expecting -You look

38、 tired. -You look tired. -Yes. I non stop _ until twelve oclock. -Yes. I non stop _ until twelve oclock. A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked3 3 在簡單句中有在簡單句中有at that time, then , this at that time, then , this time yesterday

39、 / last week, at 10 time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last nightoclock last night 等具體的時間狀語等具體的時間狀語用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)。用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)。I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time.a radio shop at the time.A.A. has worked B. was working has worked

40、 B. was working C. had been working D. had workedC. had been working D. had worked特別注意：特別注意：與與alwaysalways連用，表示感情色彩。連用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losing his key.1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry

41、I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. He

42、 _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A.

43、 catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been9.

44、The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go andC. dont kno

45、w; Im going to D. didnt know; Im going to11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have putC. have you put; put D. were you putting; put14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just v

46、isited C. are just visiting D. have visited15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 17.

47、Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come back C. before I come back D. before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had left D. had worked; left19.

48、The notice _ “No smoking”. A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read6. 現(xiàn)在完成時1 1表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，響或結(jié)果， 有時沒有時間狀語，有時有時有時沒有時間狀語，有時有時間狀語。間狀語。They have cleaned the classroom.(TheyThey have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)the c

49、lassroom and the classroom is clean now.)2 2 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動作狀態(tài)。繼續(xù)下去的動作狀態(tài)。He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.-When did he go to America?-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. -Oh, he _ the

50、re since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was A. went B. has been C. has gone D. wasShelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.can go and pay her a visit on yo

51、ur way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , workedhas left , workedCollecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the

52、past fifty years.the past fifty years.A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had becomeA. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become -How are you today? -How are you today? -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt

53、feeling C. dont feel D. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felthavent felt Rober Rober _ me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _ _ me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _ it .it . A. had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. A. had given, lost

54、B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. gives, lost gives, lost 7.過去完成時 1 1表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即的動作，即“過去的過去過去的過去”。請記住：請記住：by the end of +by the end of +過去時間過去時間be the time +be the time +從句（用一般過去時）引導(dǎo)的句從句（用一般過去時）引導(dǎo)的句子或主句用過去完成時）子或主句用過去完成時）The film had already begun The film

55、 had already begun when I got therewhen I got there. .They had left They had left before I returned.before I returned. We had finished the work We had finished the work by last month( by by last month( by the time he came.)the time he came.)2 2 表示由過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一個時間的動表示由過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一個時間的動作或狀

56、態(tài)。作或狀態(tài)。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.3 3 用于用于hardly hardly when ;no sooner when ;no sooner than than （一（一. .就就）等句子中。）等句子中。Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.Hardly had we arrived whe

57、n she started complaining.4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于等，用于過去完成時，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或意圖。過去完成時，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或意圖。I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being I had hoped to be able to take my seat

58、in all this noise without being found.found. 我本希望能乘著這些噪音不被發(fā)現(xiàn)地坐到位置上。（但實(shí)際上我本希望能乘著這些噪音不被發(fā)現(xiàn)地坐到位置上。（但實(shí)際上未實(shí)現(xiàn)）未實(shí)現(xiàn)）5 5 It is the first time + It is the first time +從句（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）；從句（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）； It was the first time +It was the first time +從句（用過去完成時）。從句（用過去完成時）。 It It is is the first time that Ithe first time

59、that Iveve been here. been here. It It waswas the first time that he the first time that he had had ever spoken to me in ever spoken to me in such a tune.such a tune.6 6 用于對過去假設(shè)的虛擬語氣中的從句。用于對過去假設(shè)的虛擬語氣中的從句。If I If I had known had known your telephone number yesterday, I your telephone number yesterday

60、, I would have telephoned youwould have telephoned you .1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ m