英語寫作詞匯技巧和原則

1、 Show-reveal( Show-reveal(顯示）顯示） The latest surveys reveal that quite a The latest surveys reveal that quite a few children have an unpleasent few children have an unpleasent ossociation with their homework.ossociation with their homework. 最近的調(diào)查顯示，相當(dāng)多的孩子對他們的孩最近的調(diào)查顯示，相當(dāng)多的孩子對他們的孩子的家庭作業(yè)沒有什么好感。子的家庭作業(yè)沒有什

2、么好感。 Think-deem(Think-deem(認為）認為） People deem computer skills People deem computer skills necessary to enhance their job or necessary to enhance their job or promotion motion opportunities. 人們認為擁有計算機技術(shù)科研獲得更多人們認為擁有計算機技術(shù)科研獲得更多的工作或提升機會。的工作或提升機會。專八寫作用詞概述專八寫作用詞概述 1. Appropriateness1. App

3、ropriateness：一篇好的文章，就要在不同風(fēng)格的文章一篇好的文章，就要在不同風(fēng)格的文章中選用不同種類的詞。中選用不同種類的詞。 要想用詞正確，除了需要弄明白詞的本義要想用詞正確，除了需要弄明白詞的本義和隱含意義外，還需要了解詞在文章中可能和隱含意義外，還需要了解詞在文章中可能給讀者留下的印象等問題。按照給讀者留下的印象等問題。按照高等學(xué)校高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)高年級英語教學(xué)大綱英語專業(yè)高年級英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，掌的要求，掌握一些用詞的知識和基本原則。握一些用詞的知識和基本原則。 Hit the nail on the headHit the nail on the head (Choosin

4、g(Choosing forfor ExactExact Words)Words)。一個詞往往。一個詞往往有兩層意思，即詞的本義和詞的隱含意義。有兩層意思，即詞的本義和詞的隱含意義。要準(zhǔn)確地捕捉一個詞的隱含意義。要靠自己要準(zhǔn)確地捕捉一個詞的隱含意義。要靠自己在乎時的學(xué)習(xí)和閱讀中積累和體會。在乎時的學(xué)習(xí)和閱讀中積累和體會。 Examples of inappropriateness That corrupted official is famous for his lust.（notorious） This servileman is very modest before his boss.（h

5、umble） His wife is young, tall, skinny and beautiful.（slim/slender）Statesmen usually speak with tongue in cheek.（Politicians）2. Abstract V.S. concrete2. Abstract V.S. concrete 如果一個人在動，你可以籠統(tǒng)地說如果一個人在動，你可以籠統(tǒng)地說HeHe movesmoves，更具體一點，更具體一點HeHe walkswalks，更，更具體一點具體一點HeHe strutsstruts。 具體情況選用具體的詞如具體情況選用具體的詞

6、如strollstroll，stridestride，dragdrag，shuffleshuffle，slouchslouch，totter,totter, sway,sway, hobblehobble，lurchlurch，limplimp，plodplod，wander,wander, saunter,saunter, loiterloiter等，來等，來代替籠統(tǒng)詞代替籠統(tǒng)詞walkwalk。walk out of the room 小偷走出房間：slip out of the room 小姐走出房間：sail out of the room 小孩走出房間：dance out of th

7、e room 老人走出房間：stagger out of the room a. To watch Jack eating his ice cream stimulated me. b. To watch Jack savouring his ice cream made my mouth water. a. The flowers in my garden are in full bloom. b. The roses, lilies and violets in my gardenare all in full bloom.a. She put the waste paper into t

8、he dustbin quickly. b. She threw/thrust/swept the waste paper into the dustbin.3.BIG V.S. SMALL3.BIG V.S. SMALLA: At weekends, we have a lot of A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.homework to do.B: At weekends, we have endless B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.homework to do

9、. 3) A: The bathroom and the kitchen 3) A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.are good.B. The bathroom and the kitchen B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.are well-furnished.在表達要點時，在表達要點時，B B句使用了句使用了well well furnished,furnished,這比這比goodgood語氣強，也顯得生動。語氣強，也顯得生動。在造句時在造句時,“,“較高級詞匯較高級詞

10、匯”如能運用貼如能運用貼切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一個，也會切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一個，也會使你的作文顯示出與眾不同。使你的作文顯示出與眾不同。 避免使用行話及矯飾詞來源：避免使用行話及矯飾詞來源： 行話即專業(yè)術(shù)語，多用于專業(yè)性強的文章中，行話即專業(yè)術(shù)語，多用于專業(yè)性強的文章中，在普通文章里很少見，因為這類詞容易令句子在普通文章里很少見，因為這類詞容易令句子顯得晦澀、不流暢，況且，八級寫作很少會出顯得晦澀、不流暢，況且，八級寫作很少會出現(xiàn)專業(yè)性極強的題目，為此，我們在寫一般的現(xiàn)專業(yè)性極強的題目，為此，我們在寫一般的文章時，應(yīng)該盡量避免，尤其是在可以使用其文章時，應(yīng)該盡量避免，尤其是在可以使

11、用其它的詞來表達的情況下，更不要用專業(yè)術(shù)語。它的詞來表達的情況下，更不要用專業(yè)術(shù)語。請看下面的例句：請看下面的例句： WhenWhen l l askedasked mymy parentsparents ifif I I couldcould useuse thethe car, car, thethe feedbackfeedback waswas negative. negative. 可改為：可改為：WhenWhen l l askedasked mymy parentsparents ifif I I couldcould useuse thethe c car,ar, thethe

12、 answeranswer waswas no. no. (Or)(Or) WhenWhen l l askedasked mymy parentsparents ifif I I couldcould ususe e thethe car,car, theythey saidsaid not.not. 矯飾詞，在寫作時也是應(yīng)該避免。例如：矯飾詞，在寫作時也是應(yīng)該避免。例如： WereWere itit notnot forfor thethe lucrativelucrative financialfinancial rewrewards,ards, sheshe wouldwould ha

13、vehave tenderedtendered herher resignatresignatioin.ioin.可改為：可改為：WereWere itit notnot forfor thethe money,money, sheshe wouldwould havehave quit quit herher job.job.4.variation The interesting professor knows how to make an uninteresting class interesting. The humorous professor knows how to make a

14、dull/boring class enjoyable. a.We were greatly surprised to see so great a crowd of people visiting the Great Wall. b. We were much surprised to see so many people visiting the Great Wall. a.She is a good child at home and a good student at school. b.She is an obedient child at home and a hard-worki

15、ng student at school.5. authentic Chinese people are hardworking, brave, peace-loving, friendly, etc. Chinese people are traditionally known as being industrious, gallant (brave), peace-loving, hospitable, etc. Nowadays too many man-made products have been used in peoples life, so what is natural is

16、 better. Nowadays excessive artificial products have been used in peoples life, so what is natural is more cherished. The change in the translation section indicates that there is an increasing emphasis on English as a tool for communication and cultural exchange.PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Is our socie

17、ty hostile to good people? According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily, 76.1 percent of the respondents say that our current society provides a “bad environment” for good people doing good things. On the other hand, the more optimistic would argue that each individual should try his or her bes

18、t to do good things and be nice to others, instead of waiting for the “social environment” to improve. So, what do you think? Is a sound social environment necessary for people to have high moral standards and be good to others?Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:Is a sound social environment necessary for people to be good to others?In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate d