現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和練習(xí)有答案

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和練習(xí) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成: havehas+過(guò)去分詞 (過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑問(wèn)句 Has he finished the work? 回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.否定句 He has not finished the work. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 What has he done? 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:A表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如：  The car

2、0;has arrived. 車(chē)子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車(chē)子已在門(mén)口）  Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶(hù)打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶(hù)仍破著） B. 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this fac

3、tory for five years.  我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠(chǎng)工作已經(jīng)五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國(guó)。  How long have you been here? 你來(lái)這里多久了？ 4. 在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)九詞語(yǔ)already已經(jīng)

4、肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問(wèn)句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng) 句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?never從不 句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛 句中 e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e.

5、g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前為止 e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)兩結(jié)構(gòu)for two monthsfor +一段時(shí)間 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間Lucy has been in Beiji

6、ng since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)句子He has been in China since he came here.(3)三詞組1.have<has>gone to去了某地 表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)2.have<has>been to去過(guò)某地 表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去過(guò)北京)3.

7、have<has>been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long e.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days.  布朗先生來(lái)北京已經(jīng)有三天了 4.如果句子里面沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g.：Have you lost your library book?

8、 你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書(shū)館借的那本書(shū)嗎？5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在過(guò)去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹(shù)。 This is the best book I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最好的一本書(shū)。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。6.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯(cuò)）因b

9、uy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間for 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有五種： He has bought the book. (去掉一段時(shí)間for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，使句子的意思不變) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改為固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改為否定句） He has had

10、 the book for 3 years. （用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have代替buy）7. 還有其他瞬間動(dòng)詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（錯(cuò)） 改為：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（錯(cuò)） 改為：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on e.g

11、.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯(cuò)） 改為：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(錯(cuò)) 改為：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(錯(cuò)) 改為：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例

12、：He has finished the work for 3 days.(錯(cuò)) 改為：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（錯(cuò)） 改為：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（錯(cuò)） 改為：I have had the bike for 3 years. He has

13、 caught a cold for 3 days.（錯(cuò)） 改為：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （錯(cuò)） 改為：I have kept the book for 3 years.還有其它的歸納如下：leave - be away       borrow - keep      buy

14、 - have    die - be dead      begin/start - be on      finish - be over      fall ill -be ill get up-be u

15、p      catch a cold - have a cold     put on- wear  come/become/go - be here      fall asleep - be asleep  get to/ 

16、arrive/reach - be (in)         get to know - know    join-be a member of .  (成為的一員)     open -be open close -be close break b

17、e broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別  1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday 。） I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)

18、容已經(jīng)知道了。） 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,  yesterday . Then(那時(shí)),that day, one day, once(從前)  一、寫(xiě)出以下常用瞬間動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：1. have

19、arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at2. have come/gone back/returned _3. have come/gone out _4. have become _5.haveclosed / opened_ 6. have got up _ ；7. have died _；8. have left sw. _9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep _ ；10. have finished/ended/completed _；11

20、. have married _； 二、用正確的時(shí)間表達(dá)詞匯填空Have you done your homework _? (for, just, yet)I have _ been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there _ he left school. (already, yet. Since, for)She has known Sam _ 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for)Have you _ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)三、用for或since填

21、空1.My family has owned a ship _ 1920.2.My family has owned a ship _ many years.3.I have had a cold _ last Monday. 4.I have had a cold _ 5 days ago. 5.I have had a cold _ 5 days. 四、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.- Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 2. Mary _ already _ (h

22、ave) her supper. 3. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 4. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 5. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 6. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next

23、. 7. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 8. She _ (be) ill for three days. 9. My father _ (buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it.10. She_ (not read) this book before. 11. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 12. - _ Wei Hua _ (com

24、e) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 13. -How long _ you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 14. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China.15. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 16. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 17. How long _ the

25、 Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 18. They _ (not arrive) yet. 19. When I was in primary school, my mother _ (drive) me to school everyday. 20. He _ (live) here since he _ (move) to Hankou. 五、 單項(xiàng)選擇 1、Both  his  parents  look  sad . Maybe  they  _what's 

26、 happened  to  him.     A.  knew    B.  have known    C.  must know     D.will know2、He  has  _ been  to  Shanghai， has  he ？    A.  already    B.neve

27、r    C.ever     D. still3、Have  you  met  Mr  Li _？    A.  just    B.  ago        C.before       D.  a moment ago4、The famous writer _

28、one new book in the past two year.    A. is  writing    B.was  writing        C.wrote       D.has  written5、Our country  _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _.   

29、 A. has  changed ； well      B.  changed ； good    C. has  changed ； better     D.  changed ； better6、Zhao Lan _already  _in this school for two years.    A. was ； studying    

30、0;   B. will ； study     C. has ； studied          D. are ； studying7、We _ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl.    A. know      B.  had  k

31、nown      C. have  known      D.  knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.    A.  will  see     B.  have  seen        C.  saw &#

32、160;          D.see9、These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States. Really ？ When _  there ？    A. will  they  go        B.  did  they 

33、; go C.  do  they  go        D.  have  they  gone10、_ you _ your  homework  yet？ Yes . I _  it  a  moment  ago.    A.  Did； do； finished        B.

34、0; Have； done； finished    C.  Have； done； have  finished          D.  will； do； finish11、 His  father  _ the  Party  since  1978.    A.  joined    B.  has join

35、ed     C.  was in     D.  has  been  in12、Do you know him well ？  Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago.    A.  were    B. have been       C. have become  

36、0;   D. have made13、How long have you  _ here？About two months.    A.  been     B.  gone           C.  come          D.  arrived14、Hurr

37、y  up！ The  play _ for  ten  minutes.    A.  has  begun          B.  had  begun C.  has  been  on        D.  began15、 It  _ ten  years&

38、#160; since  he  left  the  army.     A.  is          B.  has            C.  will           D. 

39、 was16、 Miss  Green  isn't  in  the  office . she_  to  the  library.    A.has  gone     B. went        C.will  go          D. 

40、; has  been17、My  parents _  Shandong  for  ten  years.    A.  have  been  in        B. have  been  to     C.  have  gone  to      

41、0;  D. have  been18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_？    A. so they      B. dont they     C. have they     D. havent they19、_has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China？  

42、  A. How soon， comes           B. How often， got    C. How long， came       D. How far， arrived20、 His uncle _ for more than 9 years.    A. has come here     &#

43、160;   B. has started to work    C. has lived there      D. has left the university六、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。    1、Hes never been late， _ _ _？（改成反意疑問(wèn)句）    2、They have been here since 2000.  （對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）    _ _have they be

44、en here？    3、The old man _ last year. He _ _for a year. （die）（動(dòng)詞填空）     4、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）    Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.    5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）   

45、Her  mother _ the  Party  three  years  _ .    6、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.  =_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.    7、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子）  

46、60; _  七、漢譯英。    1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。_    2、他昨天收到一封信。_    3、我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。_    4、她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。_    5、她去過(guò)上海。_    6、他這些天上哪兒去了？_參考答案： 一、1. have been in sw./at相應(yīng)的介詞2. have been back3. have been out4. have be

47、en5. have been closed/open6. have been up7. have been dead8. have been away from sw.9. have been asleep10. have been over11. have been married二、1. yet2. never3. since4. for5. ever三、1. since2. for3. Since 4. Since5. For四、1. Have seen, Did see2. Has had3. Dont want, have seen, saw4. Has mended, has. d

48、id mend5. Have read6. Have done ,to do7. Did see ,have seen8. Has been9. Bought ,has paid10. Hasnt read11. Have travelled 12. Has come ,has come, came13. Has lived ,moved14. Have lived, moved 15. have seen,saw16. have made 17. Have stayed18. Havent arrived19. Drove20. Have learned五、單項(xiàng)選擇。  

49、  1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B.    2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B.    3、C    4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來(lái)），so  far（到目前為止），in  the  past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D.    5、C    6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C.    7、C    8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），t