Grammar M3 Unit1

1、Quiz 1:1) The proud man said he would rather s_ than beg for food.2) Young people want i_ from their parents.3) We stopped half way up the hill to a_ the view.4) Einstein was a_the Nobel Prize for his work in Quantum physics.5) I dont go along with her r_ belief.admireawardedindependencestarvereligi

2、ous6. He knew he had been t_, but it was too late.7. To her great relief, she g_ high grades in English and Math.8. Id like everyone to g_ round so I can demonstrate how the system works.9. Contrary to popular b_, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight.10. He doesnt like getting involved in a

3、ny New Years c_.trickedgainedgatherbeliefcelebrations情態(tài)動詞的語法特征情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1） 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 不能單獨做謂語，除不能單獨做謂語，除ought 和和have 外，后面只能接外，后面只能接動詞原形動詞原形。2） 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些，但有些情態(tài)動詞，如情態(tài)動詞，如can、will也有一般式和過去也有一般式和過去式的變化。式的變化。3） 情態(tài)動詞的情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)時態(tài)”形式并不是形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，情態(tài)動詞的時間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式在式形式和過去式形

4、式都可用來表示都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間和將來時間現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間和將來時間。 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是：possibility,prediction, ability, request, blaming, offering help, etc. The girl can dance very well. Can the news be true? Can I sit here? Can I help you? How can you say that? I cant say that he has finished his work. can 和和could：(abili

5、ty)(possibility)(request)(offering help)(blaming)(prediction)2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A. could 是是can的過去式的過去式, 表示與過去表示與過去 有關(guān)的能有關(guān)的能力和推測力和推測: We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor.(prediction)(request)B. could可以代替可以代替can表示請求表示請求, 但語氣較但語氣較can客客氣、委婉氣、委婉: Could you lend me your dictionary? Could

6、 I use your bike?3) can和和could接動詞的完成時接動詞的完成時They could have stayed at my home, but they chose to stay at a hotel.You could have had a better mark.They cant have gone out because the light was still on. (can/could have done) 表示表示對對過去發(fā)生的事過去發(fā)生的事情情做出的判斷做出的判斷“本可以，本可能做某事本可以，本可能做某事” 。 Can, could 用在否定和疑問句中用

7、在否定和疑問句中, 表示推測，表示推測，不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。may 和和might ：may 的基本用法有三種的基本用法有三種: A. 表示請求、許可表示請求、許可;比比can較為正式較為正式: May I come in ? You may go now. B. 表示表示 “也許也許” “可能可能”: 通常只用通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。于肯定句和否定句中。 -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在疑問句中，表示可能性用在疑

8、問句中，表示可能性用can, could,不用不用may 在否定句中在否定句中,都可以用都可以用,但意思不同但意思不同. “cannot”: 不不可能可能. “may not”: 可能不可能不. Where can he be? 他會在哪呢？他會在哪呢？He cant be in the classroom.He may not be in the classroom. C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿;但語氣較正式但語氣較正式: May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有的用法有: She said that he might ta

9、ke her bike. 在間接引語中表示在間接引語中表示 “過去的可能和允許過去的可能和允許” 除了在間接引語以外，除了在間接引語以外，might 一般不表示過去的可一般不表示過去的可能或者許可。能或者許可。 may ,might 都可以表示現(xiàn)在的都可以表示現(xiàn)在的“可能可能性性”,但但might 的可能性要小的可能性要小.Our football team didnt play very well today, but we might do better tomorrow.Might I have a word with you?might表示表示 “現(xiàn)在的許可現(xiàn)在的許可”, 語氣語氣比比

10、may 較委婉較委婉will和和would：1. will可以作助動詞和情態(tài)動詞可以作助動詞和情態(tài)動詞 I will tell you something important now.He said he would tell meWould you like to have a try ?When she was young，she would read fairy tales. will用于構(gòu)成將來時是用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞助動詞. will用于表示用于表示“意志意志”“”“決心決心”“”“請求請求”是情是情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞. would亦同理亦同理.Would you help us, pl

11、ease?would比比will委婉委婉shall和和should：1. shall用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞,用于第一人稱用于第一人稱 shall用于征求對方的意見，表示用于征求對方的意見，表示 “決心決心” 是情態(tài)動詞。是情態(tài)動詞。 Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. （構(gòu)成一般將來時（構(gòu)成一般將來時, 助動詞）助動詞） Shall we go by train, Mom? （用于征求對方的意見，情態(tài)動詞）（用于征求對方的意見，情態(tài)動詞） I shall go at once. （表（表 “決心決心”，情

12、態(tài)動詞），情態(tài)動詞） 2. should表示義務(wù)、建議、勸告，意為表示義務(wù)、建議、勸告，意為 “應(yīng)應(yīng)該該”。 You should keep your promise. She should have passed the exam. She shouldnt have left without saying a word. “should+ have+過去分詞過去分詞” 表示本應(yīng)該已做某事但沒有做表示本應(yīng)該已做某事但沒有做,表示責(zé)備對方表示責(zé)備對方. “shouldnt+ have+過去分詞過去分詞” 表示責(zé)備或批評表示責(zé)備或批評,意為意為“本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該但但” must和和 have to1

13、.Must 有兩種基本用法有兩種基本用法. 一是表示一是表示 “必須必須”. MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.用于一般問句中用于一般問句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must; 否定回答用否定回答用 neednt或或dont have to，“不必不必”; mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許”cf: must表主觀表主觀 表客觀表客觀have to1) You mustnt tell George.=Dont tell George.2) You dont have to tell George.= Yo

14、u can tell George If you like. But it isnt necessary.3)You have a high fever. You mustnt go to school.4) Must I study in bed all day? -No, You neednt.否定式否定式:mustnt “不得做某事不得做某事,禁止禁止”否定式否定式: dont have to =neednt doI dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk

15、home.2.表示表示“必須必須”時，時，must 和和have to 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：must著重說明主觀看法，著重說明主觀看法，have to 強調(diào)客觀強調(diào)客觀需要。另外，需要。另外，have to 能用于更多時態(tài)。能用于更多時態(tài)。 3 .Must 表示推測時，表示推測時， 只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。must do 對對一般時一般時的肯定推測的肯定推測must have done 對對過去發(fā)生的事情過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯作出的肯 定判斷定判斷must be doing 對對現(xiàn)在的動作現(xiàn)在的動作進行肯定推測進行肯定推測 Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejo

16、king.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome. 2. A: _ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he _. 1. A: _ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday? B: Yes, I _Wouldd like to Can/CouldCant/couldnt Exercise 3. A: _ I go with my friend to the harvest festival? B: Yes

17、, you _. 4. A: If I want to be a doctor, _ I study science? B: Yes, you _. shouldMay/Can may/canshould5. A: He is very handsome. _ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he _ _. cant (play the role of theCanPrince) 6. A: The neighbour s children are older this year. _ they stop playing tricks at Hal

18、loween? B: Perhaps, they _ _. _ _.Mightor Shouldmight stopor should stop playing tricksplaying tricks at Halloweenat Halloween 拓展：拓展： 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+不定式完成式可表示不定式完成式可表示“推測推測”、“責(zé)備責(zé)備”、“懷疑懷疑”等多種意義。等多種意義。 must have done 肯定做了肯定做了 may/might have done 可能已做了可能已做了 cant/ couldnt have done 不可能做了不可能做了 should have done 本該做但沒做本該做但沒做 shouldnt have done 本不該做但做了本不該做但做了 could have done 本可以做但沒做本可以做但沒做 1. The ground is rather wet,