1993年考研英語(yǔ)真習(xí)題及解析

1、1993年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題Section Use of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be _1_in a single large buil

2、ding.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we _3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside

3、 of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldnt feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designers most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poo

4、r sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoratio

5、n of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. A consisted B contained C composed D comprised2. A obscure B attractive C appropriate D evident3. A spend B require C sett

6、le D retain4. A so B as C thus D such5. A some B any C this D each6. A amused B interested C shocked D frightened7. A like B for C atD into8. A correct B proper C right D suitable9. A care B concern C attention D intention10. A circumstance B environment C surroundings D space11. A too B quite C aD

7、far12. A their B its C thoseD that13. A painted B covered C ornamented D decorated14. A solutions B conclusions C decisions D determinations15. A ForB In C As D with文章大意首先指出室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)專門領(lǐng)域的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，但卻已經(jīng)很重要。接著分析原因：一是建筑物往往具有很多功能；二是人們大部分時(shí)間是在室內(nèi)度過(guò)，因此希望其環(huán)境舒適宜人。最后介紹室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者關(guān)注的基本問(wèn)題是室內(nèi)空間的功能。試題解析1.答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：近義動(dòng)

8、詞的區(qū)別。四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)都有“包含、構(gòu)成”之意，但用法不同。句子中有助動(dòng)詞be的存在，因此，這就點(diǎn)明了所選的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)能夠使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。contain作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“包含”，可用于主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，為正確選項(xiàng)。consist是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。consist of 表示“由組成、構(gòu)成”，等同于be composed of。例：Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.（水由氫和氧組成）。consist in 表示“以某事物為其主要的或惟一的因素或特征，在于”，如：True patriotism consists in putting the interes

9、ts of ones country above everything else, including ones own life.(真正的愛(ài)國(guó)主義就是把國(guó)家利益置于任何其他利益之上，包括自己的生命)；Happiness consists in contentment(知足常樂(lè))。consist with 表示“符合，與一致”，例：Theory should consist with practice.(理論應(yīng)與實(shí)踐相符合)。compose意為“（事物的部分或成分）構(gòu)成”，如：the short scenes that compose the play(組成此劇的各幕)。它用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)需與o

10、f連用，be composed of 意為“（由某事物）組成或構(gòu)成”。comprise意為“包含，組成，構(gòu)成”，一般指構(gòu)成整體的全部成分，如：Two small boys and a dog comprised the street entertainers only audience.(兩個(gè)小男孩和一條狗成了街頭藝人僅有的觀眾)。當(dāng)它用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常也要與of連用，如：America is comprised of 55 states.(美國(guó)由55個(gè)州組成)。2.答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：表語(yǔ)形容詞及對(duì)文章主旨的把握。首先，我們可以從詞義的搭配上來(lái)加以區(qū)分。attractive意

11、為“有吸引力的”，如：goods attractive in price and quality(價(jià)廉物美的貨物)。appropriate意為“合適的”，如：His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.(他的便服不適宜在這樣正式的場(chǎng)合穿)。這兩個(gè)詞都不能與作為主語(yǔ)的importance搭配。obscure意為“模糊不清的”。evident意為“明顯的”。文章第二段一直強(qiáng)調(diào)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的重要性，因此重要性是明顯的。3.答案 A解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞搭配?？崭袼诓糠质莌ow much time+定語(yǔ)從句

12、，surrounded by是過(guò)去分詞做主語(yǔ)we的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when we are surrounded by?？崭裉钊氲脑~必須能夠與其邏輯賓語(yǔ)time搭配，填入的動(dòng)詞的含義要表示“花費(fèi)、消耗”這樣的詞意。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，spend表示“度過(guò)，花費(fèi)，消耗”，多用于時(shí)間，金錢。spend 與time屬于固定的動(dòng)賓搭配。how much time we spend意為“我們花多少時(shí)間”，也就是說(shuō)“我們花多少時(shí)間呆在室內(nèi)”，因此，spend為正確選項(xiàng)。require表示“要求，需要，命令”；settle意為“安放，定居，解決”；retain意為“保持，保留”。這三個(gè)詞都不常與time搭配，而且也不符合

13、文意。4.答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語(yǔ)搭配。本句的后面出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵信息詞as possible。as as possible意為“盡可能”，是固定短語(yǔ)。as as意為“和一樣”，not so as 意為“不如”。5.答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：代詞的用法。some修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示“一些”，而句子中的place是單數(shù)；當(dāng)它用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前時(shí)表示“某種”，也與題意不符。any表示“任何一個(gè)”，與文意不符。this place是特定地指某地，在文中作者是泛指，因此this不符合題意。each意為“每一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于every, each place在此處指室內(nèi)的每

14、一個(gè)地方，符合題意。6.答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：表語(yǔ)形容詞的用法以及對(duì)全文主旨的把握。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)詞都可用來(lái)表達(dá)人的感覺(jué)或感情色彩。上文提到，我們也期望房間的每一個(gè)地方的設(shè)計(jì)都與它的用途相適合；空格所在句子指出，如果你的臥室突然變得像飯店一樣，你肯定會(huì)感到。由于“臥室像飯店”顯然是不符合房間的用途，因此空格處的形容詞應(yīng)帶有貶義。amused“被逗樂(lè)的,感到愉快的”和interested“有興趣的”不符文意。而shocked表示“震驚，大吃一驚”，程度比surprised要深，更符合原文的意思。frightened表示“被驚嚇的”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“害怕”之意，不符合邏輯。7.答案 A解析 本

15、題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞的搭配。選項(xiàng)的四個(gè)介詞都可以與動(dòng)詞look相搭配，但意義差別較大。look like意為“看起來(lái)像”；look for 意為“尋找”；look at 意為“看”；look into意為“調(diào)查，窺視，觀察”。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，look的邏輯主語(yǔ)the inside of your bedroom是靜止的事物，因而只能選用表示對(duì)比意義的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。look like the inside of a restaurant意為“看起來(lái)像餐館店堂一樣”。8.答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義形容詞區(qū)分。這個(gè)句子要求考生回答：坐在一間裝飾得像教室一樣的商務(wù)辦公室，人的感覺(jué)會(huì)怎樣？co

16、rrect表示“正確的，端正的”，如:make correct decisions(做出正確的決定)；a very correct young man (儀態(tài)非常端莊的年輕人)。它通常是對(duì)一個(gè)事物作出的理性的評(píng)價(jià)，如“正確、錯(cuò)誤”之類，用在這里，語(yǔ)義不符。另外，從詞義上說(shuō)，right, proper, suitable都有“合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹敝?。proper通常表示“符合某種特定要求的正確作法，如行為是否合理，分寸是否恰當(dāng)”；suitable則通與介詞to或for連用，意為“適合于某種目的和場(chǎng)合”，兩都不符合題意。right除了表示“正確的、合適的”意義之外，還可表達(dá)出人的心理活動(dòng)，not f

17、eel right表示“感覺(jué)不太舒服”，正符合題意。9.答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義名詞的區(qū)分。從上下文來(lái)看，第二段著重闡述的是室內(nèi)的裝飾應(yīng)與建筑物的空間的不同用途（或功能）相一致，很顯然，第三段作者應(yīng)論述設(shè)計(jì)師要關(guān)注建筑物的室內(nèi)空間的準(zhǔn)確用途是否合理這一問(wèn)題。concern與care都表示“關(guān)心”。但是care一般用于帶感情色彩的事情，有“照料、關(guān)切”的意思。concern著重于所關(guān)心的問(wèn)題或?qū)ο?，例：The managing directors only concern was how to improve the quality of their products.(總經(jīng)理心里想

18、的全是如何提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量)。attention意為“小心、注意（力）、專心”，也有關(guān)心之意，但這個(gè)詞的意義的重點(diǎn)在“注意”，即“集中精力做某事”。如：Your suggestion has come to our attention.（我們已經(jīng)考慮了你的建議）。intention意為“意圖，目的”，如：I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did. (我開(kāi)始讀這本書時(shí)想讀完它，可是我從來(lái)就沒(méi)把它讀完)。10.答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義名詞的區(qū)分以及從上下文獲取線索。繼續(xù)讀下去，我們會(huì)發(fā)

19、現(xiàn)在后面出現(xiàn)了for any kind of space(對(duì)任何空間而言)，與前面相互呼應(yīng)，所以應(yīng)選space“空間”。circumstance意為“環(huán)境，詳情，情況”，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：The circumstances forced me to accept. (環(huán)境迫使我不得不同意)。environment意為“環(huán)境”，如：adjust to a new environment(適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境)。surroundings意為“環(huán)境”，如：The house is in beautiful surroundings.(這座房屋四周的環(huán)境優(yōu)美)。11.答案 A解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：程度副詞的

20、用法。本題的語(yǔ)境句是一個(gè)雙重否定句。with短語(yǔ)中的三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，即poor sight lines、poor sound-shaping qualities和few entries and exits中的poor和few都具有否定的意義，正好與劇院內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)的“不合理”相對(duì)應(yīng)。根據(jù)上下文，必須繼續(xù)保持few的否定意義。too用于形容詞或副詞前，表示“太、過(guò)于”；它也可用于表示數(shù)量的形容詞前，表示“太多或太少”，如：too many people (太多人)。too few entries and exits強(qiáng)調(diào)太少的進(jìn)出口，符合文意。quite a few 意為“很多”， 表達(dá)的是肯定的意義，一般

21、不用quite few，例：quite a few illustrations(相當(dāng)多的插圖)。far 作副詞用時(shí)，可以表示“很，非常”，一般用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，如：She is far better than me at writing(她寫作比我好很多)。12.答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：代詞的用法。解答本題的關(guān)鍵在于弄清楚句子前后的指代關(guān)系。該句可簡(jiǎn)化為a theater will not work for purpose。根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)填入表示所屬關(guān)系的物主代詞，同時(shí)，所填入的代詞既要與前面的主句的主語(yǔ)a theater(單數(shù)，指物)一致，也要與后面從句中的主語(yǔ)it一

22、致。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)看，those和that 都是指代詞，顯然不符合要求。their 雖然是物主代詞，但它表示的是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)意義，與單數(shù)主語(yǔ)相矛盾。也應(yīng)排除。因此，正確的答案只能是its。 work for its purpose意為“使用起來(lái)合乎其目的”。13.答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分。paint意為“刷油漆”，如：He painted the wall yellow(他把墻漆成黃色)。 cover意為“覆蓋”，如：She covered the table with a cloth(她用一塊布把桌子罩起來(lái))。這兩個(gè)詞都不符合句意。ornament和decorate都有“裝飾

23、”之意，但具體的含義不一。ornament意為用物件“裝飾點(diǎn)綴”、“美化”，如：ornament a hall with paintings(用畫裝飾大廳)。decorate除有“裝飾”之意外，還有對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行“裝潢、粉刷”之意。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的職責(zé)主要是進(jìn)行室內(nèi)的裝修設(shè)計(jì)。因而decorated應(yīng)為本題的正確選項(xiàng)。14.答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義名詞的區(qū)分和上下文的搭配關(guān)系。solution意為“（問(wèn)題，疑難的）解決辦法”，常與achieve, find等動(dòng)詞搭配使用，它不能與make搭配。如：This is the only practicable solution imaginable

24、(這是惟一想得出的切實(shí)可行的解決辦法)。conclusion表示“結(jié)論”，常與draw, reach和come to連用，也不能與make搭配。decision和determination都表示“決定，決心”，但determination更強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“堅(jiān)定、果斷的決心”，在此也不符合，因此只有decision可選，在文中表示“作出同樣的決定”。15.答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。In addition表示“此外”，屬于固定搭配。三、全文翻譯盡管室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)自建筑業(yè)出現(xiàn)之初業(yè)已存在，但它發(fā)展成為一個(gè)專門的領(lǐng)域的歷史卻不長(zhǎng)。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師們的角色變得十分重要，部分原因在于單單一個(gè)大型建筑物

25、就包含有諸多的功能。當(dāng)意識(shí)到我們有多少時(shí)間是在室內(nèi)度過(guò)時(shí)，室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的重要性就凸現(xiàn)出來(lái)了。無(wú)論什么時(shí)候，當(dāng)需要呆在屋內(nèi)時(shí)，我們都希望我們的環(huán)境盡可能的宜人并且舒適。我們也期望室內(nèi)的每一個(gè)地方都被恰當(dāng)使用。如果你的臥室突然變得像餐館的店堂一樣，你肯定會(huì)感到驚訝。同樣，坐在一間裝飾得像教室一樣的商務(wù)辦公室里，你也不會(huì)感到舒服。很明顯，室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者關(guān)注的最重要的基本問(wèn)題就是某一特定空間的功能。例如，具有微弱的光線、劣質(zhì)的聲音調(diào)整品質(zhì)的劇院的內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)以及進(jìn)出口太少的劇院不會(huì)發(fā)揮其功能，不管它裝潢設(shè)計(jì)得多美麗。然而，無(wú)論任一類型的空間，設(shè)計(jì)者必須作出許多相同的決定。他（她）必須協(xié)調(diào)從天花板至地板所有東西的形

26、狀、照明及裝飾。此外，設(shè)計(jì)者通常必須根據(jù)需要滿足的功能選擇家具或設(shè)計(jì)嵌入式家具。Section Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederickin the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to disco

27、ver what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially,

28、the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn l

29、anguage rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that

30、speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple com

31、mands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about l, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to spe

32、ak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixt

33、ure of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child s babbling ( 咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)) , grasping and smiling, and respo

34、nds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.16. The purpose of Frederick s experiment was

35、_A to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language17. The reaso

36、n some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_A they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB they are exposed to too much language at onceC their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak D their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 18. What is exception

37、ally remarkable about a child is thatA he is born with the capacity to speak B he has a brain more complex than an animals C he can produce his own sentences D he owes his speech ability to good nursing 19. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage A The faculty of speech is inborn

38、 in man. B Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C The child s brain is highly selective.D Most children learn their language in definite stages.20. If a child starts to speak later than others, he willA have a high IQB be less intelligentC be insensitive to verbal

39、signalsD not necessarily be backward一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析本文是一篇介紹兒童學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言關(guān)鍵期的文章。文章指出，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言有關(guān)鍵期，過(guò)了這個(gè)時(shí)期學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)程就會(huì)變得緩慢，此外，嬰兒天生就具有說(shuō)話的能力，但說(shuō)話有賴于母親與孩子的交流。第一段：提出討論的主要議題：沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言，孩子的成長(zhǎng)是否會(huì)受到損害。第二段：Frederick I的實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言缺乏是孩子受損的一個(gè)原因，缺少哺育是另一重要原因。第三段：指出孩子學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言有關(guān)鍵期，超過(guò)關(guān)鍵期，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)有困難。第四段：給出例子，說(shuō)明說(shuō)話晚不一定智商低。第五段：指出兒童天生就具有說(shuō)話的能力，他創(chuàng)造自己句子的能力尤其令人吃驚。第六段

40、：指出孩子說(shuō)話必須經(jīng)過(guò)引導(dǎo)，但這有賴于母親與孩子的交流。二、試題分析16.The purpose of Fredericks experiment was_ Frederick 實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是_。A to prove that children are born with the ability to speakA 證明孩子生來(lái)就具有說(shuō)話的能力B to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechB 發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子在沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)人類語(yǔ)言的情況下會(huì)說(shuō)哪種語(yǔ)言C to find out what role

41、 careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakC 研究細(xì)心護(hù)理在教孩子說(shuō)話中起什么作用D to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a languageD 證明在沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的情況下，孩子會(huì)受到傷害答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)中的目的。文章在第一段論述了Frederick I 的實(shí)驗(yàn)，并在該段最后一句話的前半句用分詞形式引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)，直接說(shuō)明該實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的：Hoping to discover what language a child woul

42、d speak if he heard no mother tongue, he。由此可見(jiàn)他要求保育員保持沉默，其目的就是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒在聽(tīng)不到母語(yǔ)的情況下會(huì)講什么語(yǔ)言。B選項(xiàng)是原文的合理改寫，為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)與本段內(nèi)容不符，況且文章第五段第一句Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak說(shuō)明A選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容是現(xiàn)代人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并非十三世紀(jì)的這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的。C選項(xiàng)與實(shí)驗(yàn)毫不相干，盡管文中第二段提到此實(shí)驗(yàn)中孩子的死亡并不僅僅是因?yàn)槿狈φZ(yǔ)言，還因?yàn)槿鄙偌?xì)心護(hù)理，但這不是Frederick I 實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的

43、，而是實(shí)驗(yàn)后人們的分析。D選項(xiàng)只是實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，是人們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)后得到的結(jié)論，并不是Frederick I 做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的最初目的。17.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_一些孩子在說(shuō)話上遲鈍的主要原因是_。A they are incapable of learning language rapidlyA他們不能迅速學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)言B they are exposed to too much language at onceB他們同時(shí)置身于太多的語(yǔ)言之中C their mothers respond

44、 inadequately to their attempts to speakC母親對(duì)孩子要說(shuō)話的欲望回應(yīng)不足D their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them D他們的媽媽智力不夠，幫不了他們 答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：細(xì)節(jié)中的原因。第三段第二句提到“一些孩子在說(shuō)話上遲鈍”，隨后指出原因：Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant。C選項(xiàng)是原文的改寫。respond inadequ

45、ately與Insensitive相應(yīng)，their attempts to speak與the signals of the infant一致。因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)與第三段第三句whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly含義相反。 B、D這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是文中沒(méi)有涉及的內(nèi)容。注意at once在這里為“同時(shí)”之意。18.What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that兒童最不可思議的方面是_。A he is born with the capacity to speak

46、A他生來(lái)就具有說(shuō)話的能力B he has a brain more complex than an animals B與動(dòng)物相比，他的大腦更復(fù)雜C he can produce his own sentences C他能創(chuàng)造自己的句子D he owes his speech ability to good nursing D他的說(shuō)話能力歸功于好的照顧 答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：細(xì)節(jié)歸納。作者在第五段第一句和第二句都分別提到A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)。這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是兒童的普通能力特征，B選項(xiàng)更是所有人，包括成人的共有特征，因此都應(yīng)排除。第五段是后一句話中的even more incredible 表

47、明后述內(nèi)容比前述內(nèi)容重要，即：the young brains ability to pick out an order in language, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways為兒童最不可思議的方面。而C選項(xiàng)為原文的確切改寫，為正確答案。D選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符，文章第六段指出說(shuō)話能力的引導(dǎo)有賴于母親對(duì)孩子的交流，與“照顧”的概念不同。此外作者也沒(méi)說(shuō)它是最難以置信的能力。oweto意思是“歸功于，得感謝?！?9.Which of the following can NOT be in

48、ferred from the passage 哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能從短文中推論出來(lái)？A The faculty of speech is inborn in man. A人生來(lái)具有說(shuō)話能力B Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.B鼓勵(lì)在孩子學(xué)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中根本不起什么作用C The child s brain is highly selective.C兒童的大腦具有高度選擇性D Most children learn their language in definite stages.D絕大多數(shù)

49、孩子在確定的階段學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申的是非判斷。本題可對(duì)選項(xiàng)直接進(jìn)行排除。A選項(xiàng)與第五段第一句話 an infant is born with the capacity to speak 相一致。faculty意為“能力”。B選項(xiàng)與最后一段提出的“母親應(yīng)對(duì)孩子的信號(hào)給予回應(yīng)、進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)”不符。因此B為答案。Anything but 意思是“根本不”。C選項(xiàng)中“兒童大腦的高度選擇性”在第五段第三句the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound aro

50、und him得以說(shuō)明。第三段最后一句話以鳥為例說(shuō)明兒童學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言有關(guān)鍵期，此外，第四段首句 speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age也說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)，與D選項(xiàng)一致。20.If a child starts to speak later than others, he will如果一個(gè)孩子開(kāi)始說(shuō)話比其他孩子晚，他將來(lái)會(huì)_。A have a high IQA 具有高智商B be less intelligentB 智商低C be insensitive to verbal signalsC 對(duì)語(yǔ)言信號(hào)不敏感

51、D not necessarily be backwardD 不一定低智商答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申。文章第四段第一句話舉出例子：speech started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ，這說(shuō)明說(shuō)話晚的孩子后來(lái)也可能具有高智商，也就是說(shuō)，說(shuō)話晚并不一定低智商。因此B選項(xiàng)不正確，而D選項(xiàng)正確。但這并不能說(shuō)明凡是說(shuō)話晚的孩子將來(lái)智商都高。因此A選項(xiàng)也不正確。文章并未涉及C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。三、文章長(zhǎng)難句解析和佳句賞析長(zhǎng)難句But clearly there was more than lack of

52、language here.注意句中more than 的用法，more than意為“超出的”。注意more than 和more than 的意思不同。前者的意思是“與其說(shuō)倒不如說(shuō)”。如：The child was more frightened than hurt. (這孩子的傷倒不算什么，只是受驚不小)。原句中l(wèi)ack意為“缺乏”。另外，考生還應(yīng)知道for lack of 的含義：“因缺乏”。如：For lack of evidence, the prisoner was released(由于證據(jù)不足，犯人獲釋)。譯文：但是，顯然這不僅僅是缺少語(yǔ)言的問(wèn)題。Experts sugges

53、t that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.本句由兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。前半句suggest 后是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。后半句中cases后接有定語(yǔ)從句where speech has started late in a child，其中where=in which，即in those

54、cases。a child后是由who 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，句中turn out意為“最后是，最后成為，成長(zhǎng)為”，如：The boy will turn out to be a marvelous man（這個(gè)男孩將會(huì)成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)了不起的人）。譯文：專家指出人按照固定的順序并在一定的年齡進(jìn)入說(shuō)話階段，但也有開(kāi)始說(shuō)話晚，最后成為高智商者的例子。Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to l

55、earn language rapidly.此句主語(yǔ)是the reason for this，is后是表語(yǔ)從句that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant，接著是修飾infant的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。句中program的動(dòng)詞形式原意是“編制程序”，引申義為“計(jì)劃或安排某事物”。insensitive的意思是“不敏感”，是sensitive(敏感的；易受傷害的)的反義詞。譯文：通常是母親對(duì)嬰兒發(fā)出的信號(hào)不敏感，而嬰兒的大腦已經(jīng)對(duì)快速學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言做好安排。四、詞匯注釋(1) starve（v.）使挨餓，使餓死；使因缺乏某物而困苦，

56、如：Shes lonely, and starving for companionship. 她很孤獨(dú)，渴望友誼。(2) capacity（n.）容量，生產(chǎn)量；智能，才能，能力，接受力；地位，身份，資格(3) backward（a./ad.）向后地(的)，相反地(的)；落后的，遲鈍的，如：This part of the country is still .這個(gè)國(guó)家的這個(gè)地區(qū)仍很落后。(4) in a fixed sequence 以固定的順序；sequence（n.）次序, 順序, 按時(shí)間順序排列的事物，（數(shù)學(xué)中的）序列(5) constant（a.）恒定的，不變的；連續(xù)發(fā)生的，持續(xù)不斷的，at a age在一特定的年齡(6) turn out to be 最后結(jié)果時(shí)是，最終成為，如：Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.事情正如教授所預(yù)料的那樣。(7) enable （v.）使能夠，如A rabbits l