2017-2019年高考真題英語分項匯編專題15閱讀理解社會生活、議論類

1、1.12019全國卷II , C】三年( 2017-2019)高考真題英語分項匯編專題 15 閱讀理解社會生活、議論類2019 年高考真題Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly rea-bdoinogahsesrhee waitsfor her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechte l s “ me” time. And lie more Americans, she s not al

2、one.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breafast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore ， 74 percent， according to statistics from the report.“ I prefer to go out and b

3、e out. Alone， but together， you now？ ” Bechtel said， looing up from her boo. Bechtel ， who wors in downtown West Palm Beach ， has lunch with coworers sometimes ， but lie many of us ， too often wors through lunch at her des. A lunchtime escape allows her to eep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder

4、. She returns to wor feeling energied. ， “I juTsotdwaaynted some time to myself ， ” she said.Just two seats over， Andrew Maoleny ， a local videographer， is finishing his lunch at the bar. He lies that he can sit and chec his phone in peace or chat up the bareeper with whom he's on a first-name b

5、asis if he wants to have a little interaction( 交流 ). “ I reflect on how my day's gone and thin about the rest of the wee,”chance for self- reflection, You return to wor recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people lie to eat alone. There was a time when people may

6、have felt awward about asing for a table for one ， but those days are over. Now ， we have our smartphones to eep us company at the table. “ It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology, Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.28. What are the

7、 statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food varietyB. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworers.B. To catch up with her wor.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30. What do we now about

8、Maoleny?A. He maes videos for the bar.B. He s fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He s familiar with the bareeper.31. What is the tet mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from woring overtime.D. The advant

9、age of wireless technology.【語篇解讀】本文通過一份調查結果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，原因很多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正慢慢成為一種趨勢。28.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在美國，約有46%的人們獨自用餐，53%的人們獨自吃早餐，46%的人們獨自吃午餐，只有74%的人們晚餐不是獨自享用，故可知本段的數(shù)據(jù)是關于用餐習慣，故選B。29.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to eep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.Today, I

10、 just wanted some time to myself. 可知， Bechtel 一個人吃午飯可以讓她逃離老板的關注，給自己留一些自由時間，故選C。30.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段he lies that he can sit and chec his phone in peace or chat up the bareeper withwhom he s on a fir-sntame basis if he wants to have a little interaction. 可知 Maoleny 喜歡這樣的氣氛，因為可以坐在那里，查看手機信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧臺

11、服務員名字和他聊天，故可知，他與服務員很熟悉，可以直呼對方名字，故選D。31.A【解析】主旨大意題。本文通過一份調查結果顯示，很大比例的人選擇獨自用餐，原因很多，比如逃離工作氛圍，或者反思自己，但是獨自用餐正慢慢成為一種趨勢，故選A。2.【2019全國卷III , BFor Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source（）of

12、inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networs, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion（ 時尚 ）shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looing Glass ehibition in New Yor ehibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alon

13、gside Chinese wors of art, with the aim of eploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics（美學）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The ehibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible t

14、o overloo," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being

15、 influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Aleander Wang, Jason Wu are taing on Galiano, Alba, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to tal about China as the le

16、ading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another maret; in many senses it has become the maret. If you tal about fashion today, you are taling about China-its influenc

17、es, its direction, its breathtaing clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acnowledging that in many ways."24. What can we learn about the ehibition in New Yor?A. It promoted the sales of artwors.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D.

18、It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words "taing on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learnin

19、g fromB. looing down onC. woring withD. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the tet?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Ehibition Held in New YorC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 【語篇解

20、讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講了中國文化對世界時尚屆的影響，中國年輕的設計師和模特如何最終在許多方面被認可。中國成了世界時尚的風向標。 24.B【解析】 細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段The ehibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interestin Chinese influences. （此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對中國影響的濃厚興趣。）由此可知，紐約的展覽吸引了許多參觀者，故選B。25.A【解析】 細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of

21、beauty and fashion campaigns that selldreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中國模特是向全世界女性推銷夢想的美和時尚活動的代言人，這意味著中國女性不僅僅是時尚的消費者 她們是這場運動的核心。）由此可知，Hill 說中國女性開創(chuàng)了新時尚，故選A。26.D【解析】詞義猜測題。下文and beating them hands down in

22、 design and sales 說并在設計和銷售上擊敗他們。由此推斷出上文Vera Wang, Aleander Wang, Jason Wu are taing on Galliano, Alba, Mare Jacobs 的意思是VeraWang、 Aleander Wang 和 Jason Wu 正在與 Galliano、 Alba 和 Mare Jacobs 競爭。 taing on 意思是 “競爭 ”，故選 D。 27.D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western

23、 creations.以及最后一段If you tal about fashion today , you are taling about China - its influences , its direction, itsbreathtaing clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acnowledging that in many ways." （如果你今 天談論時尚，你談論的是中國 它的影響，它的方向，它令人驚嘆的服裝，以及年輕的設計師和模特如何最終在許多方面被認可。） ，結合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章最

24、恰當?shù)念}目是“中國文化助力國際時尚潮流”，故選D 。3.12019天津卷，D】Would you BET on the future of this man ？ He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning ， and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-nows-what motiv

25、es ， he determines to write a boo.The boo turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the boo was Don Quiote （堂吉訶德）.And the story poses an interesting question why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end o

26、f their days , while others go to seed long before ?We've all nown people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mar. I'm not taling about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm taling about people who have stopped learning on growing because

27、 they have adopted the fied attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us , in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialiation and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But , if we ar

28、e willing to lean , the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and sills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please , some people are never going to love us-an idea t

29、hat troubles at first but is eventually relaing.With high motivation and enthusiasm , we can eep on learning. Then we will now how important it is to have meaning in our life. However , we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos （自我）,whether

30、 to loved ones , to fellow humans , to wor, or to some moral concept.Many of us equate （視等同于） acommitment " with such “caring " occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who wor toward such ecellence wheth

31、er they are driving a truc , or running a store-mae the world better just by being the ind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that.A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativityB. age is not a barrier

32、 to achieving one's goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean ?A. End one's struggle for liberty.B. Waste one's energy taing riss.C. Miss the opportunity to

33、succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4 ?A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to thin bac can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54.

34、What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5 ？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pityC. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage ？A. T

35、o provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at wor.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing ecellence in our lifelong career.【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的生活才會有意義。51.B【解析】推理判斷題。第

36、一段講述塞萬提斯一生不幸，負債累累，因為戰(zhàn)爭受傷左手殘疾，同時還身陷囹圄，在 53 歲的時候決定寫書，最終寫出成名作唐吉柯德，根據(jù)后文可知，所有的困境都沒有阻擋他的成功，年齡也是如此，故選B。52.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段I m taling about people who have stopped learning on growing because theyhave adopted the fied attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. 故可知， 作者談論的不是那些沒有到達巔峰的人，

37、而是談論那些不再學習成長的人，故可知run out of steam 可知，停止學習，故選D。53.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunitiesare everywhere.可知，我們失去了好奇感，但是如果我們愿意學習，機會無處不在，故可知，機會總是留給那些好奇心的人，故選C。54 . D【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段we learn to bear with the things we can t change. We learn to avoi

38、d se-lfpity. Welearn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaing. 可知，我們學會承受那些無法改變的事情，學會避免自憐，也學會了無論我們怎么去取 悅別人，有些人是無法喜歡我們的，這個觀點起初讓我們苦惱，但是之后會讓我們釋懷，故可知，本段作者告訴我們要學會使用恰當?shù)姆绞綄Υ?，故選D 。55 .A 【解析】主旨大意題。本文講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的

39、生活才會有意義，故本文作者的目的 是為了指導我們過一個有意義的成年人生活，故選A。6.12019江蘇卷，C】Who cares if people thin wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matt

40、er of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that maing things is so &quo

41、t;yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造業(yè))with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich count

42、ries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whet

43、her this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, etending electricity networs and maing more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or sett

44、ing up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another eample, a fascinati

45、on with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is ha

46、ppening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be lie trying to turn the cloc bac. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Unders

47、tanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for maing the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become co

48、mmon, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to .A. a lac of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict of public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources62. The eample in Paragraph 4 suggests that

49、 donators should .A. tae people's essential needs into accountB. mae their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of t

50、echnological advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasiing the role of international communication.64. What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to mae more donations.B. Traditional technology still

51、 has a place nowadays.C. Maing right career choices is crucial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述對信息技術的過分迷戀對國家，對個人，對慈善事業(yè)都會有不利的影響。61.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However, they have rea impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarceresources. 可知，對信息技術的錯

52、誤判斷會導致有限資的錯誤使用，也就是資的浪費，故選D。62.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells,etending electricity networs and maing more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Inter

53、net centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 可知， 與其給那些貧 困地區(qū)孩子筆記本電腦或者建網(wǎng)絡中心，還不如給錢打井，鋪電網(wǎng)或者生產(chǎn)他

54、們買得起的洗衣機，這些東 西更能改善他們的生活。作者不是說這些東西一定更重要，但是很多捐贈者沒有仔細考慮捐贈的東西的長期成本，因此作者建議捐贈者要考慮接受捐贈的人的實際情況，而不是一味地追求信息化，故選A。63.B【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段In yet another eample, a fascination with the new has led people to believe thatthe recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary

55、that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及 Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. 可知，對新東西的迷戀 讓人們認為如今通訊技術和交通的變革讓我們生活在一個無國界的世界。正是認為我們生活在這樣一個世界，很多政府取消了關于跨國界的

56、資本、勞動力以及商品流動的法律法規(guī)，故選B 。64.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The fascination with the ICT（Information and Communication Technology）revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that maing things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in &

57、quot;post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector（ 制造業(yè) ） with negative consequences for their economies. 可知，對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)呈現(xiàn) 的通訊技術變革的迷戀讓很多富裕國家做出一個錯誤的結論，制造產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)過時了，他們應該靠創(chuàng)意生活，因而忽略了制造業(yè)，從而對經(jīng)濟造成不利影響，故可知傳統(tǒng)的技術依然傳統(tǒng)的技術依然有它的地位，不能新興的信息技術取代，故選B。二、 2018 年高考真題1.12018全國I, C】Lang

58、uages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly nit （聯(lián)系 ）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language eperts

59、believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoe perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialiation, the development of the nation-state and t