2011江蘇夜大普雷班計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語綜合練習(xí)

1、計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語詞和詞組Chapter 1 The History and Future of ComputersNew Words & Expressionscomputerlike a. 計算機(jī)似的electromechanical a. 機(jī)電的，電機(jī)的vacuum tubes 真空管Census Bureau 人口普查局thousands of 成千上萬的known as 通常所說的，以著稱result in 導(dǎo)致，終于造成結(jié)果air conditioning 空調(diào)take delivery of 正式接過high-level language 高級語言mainframe n. 主

2、機(jī)，大型機(jī)range from to 從到multiprogramming n. 多道程序設(shè)計time-share n 分時，時間共享virtual 'vtul memory 虛擬內(nèi)存from scratch 從頭開始compatible km'pætb! a. 兼容的；compatibility n. 兼容性outnumber vt. 數(shù)目超過，比多start off v. 出發(fā)，開始proliferate pr'lf,ret v. 增生，擴(kuò)散glean glin vt., vi. 搜集（情報或事實）MD abbr. Maryland（馬里蘭）archite

3、cture n. 體系機(jī)構(gòu)terabit n. 兆兆位factor n. 倍數(shù)on the order of 大約bandwidth n. 帶寬Terabyte n. 兆兆（1012）字節(jié)Petabyte n. 千兆兆（1015）字節(jié)microprocessor n.計微處理器contemplate 'kntm,plet v. 凝視，沉思o(jì)rder n. 階，次turbulence 'tbjlns n. 擾動GB=GigaBit, 千兆位；=GigaByte，吉字節(jié)cognitive 'kgntv adj. 認(rèn)知的，識的， 有感知的prioritize pra'

4、r,taz vt. 把區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序collaborative k'læbrtv adj. 合作的，協(xié)作的，協(xié)力完成的solicit s'lst v. 懇求multimodal 'mod! adj. 多重的Hence, with second-generation computers, the size and cost of computers decreased, their speed increased, and their air-conditioning needs were reduced.因此，隨著第二代計算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，計算機(jī)的體積和成本降低、速度

5、提高，且它們對空調(diào)的需要減少。First there was Large Scale Integration (LSI), with hundreds and thousands of transistors per chip, then came Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), with tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of transistors.首先，出現(xiàn)了一個芯片上具有數(shù)百和數(shù)千個晶體管的大規(guī)模集成電路（LSI），接著出現(xiàn)了一個芯片上具有數(shù)萬和數(shù)十萬個晶體管的超大規(guī)模集成電路（VLSI）。

6、First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component. Vacuum tubes are bulky（ blk龐大的；笨重的）and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive（ k'stnsv大量的；廣泛的）air conditioning to keep them cool. In a

7、ddition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast, these computers were relatively slow.第一代計算機(jī)的特色是使用真空管為其主要電子器件。真空管體積大且發(fā)熱嚴(yán)重，因此第一代計算機(jī)體積龐大，并且需要大量的空調(diào)設(shè)備保持冷卻。此外，因為真空管運行速度不是很快，這些計算機(jī)運行速度相對較慢。Other software developments during the first computer generation include the design of the FORTRAN programming

8、language in 1957. 在第一代計算機(jī)期間，其他的軟件發(fā)展包括在1957年，F(xiàn)ORTRAN語言的設(shè)計。In the second generation of computers, transistors replaced vacuum tubes. Although invented in 1948, the first all-transistor computer did not become available until 1959.Transistors are smaller and less expensive than vacuum tubes, and they o

9、perate faster and produce less heat. Hence, with second-generation computers, the size and cost of computers decreased, their speed increased, and their air-conditioning needs were reduced.在第二代計算機(jī)中，晶體管取代了真空管。雖然發(fā)明于1948年，但第一臺全晶體管計算機(jī)直到1959年才成為現(xiàn)實。晶體管比真空管體積小、價格低，而且運行快而發(fā)熱少。因此，隨著第二代計算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，計算機(jī)的體積和成本降低、速度提高，

10、且它們對空調(diào)的需要減少。Software also continued to develop during this time. Many new programming languages were designed, including COBOL in 1960. 在這期間軟件也在繼續(xù)發(fā)展。許多新的編程語言被發(fā)明，包括1960年發(fā)明的COBOL。The technical development that marks the third generation of computers is the use of integrated circuits or ICs in computer

11、s. An integrated circuit is a piece of silicon (a chip) containing numerous （'njumrs許多的,很多的）transistors. One IC replaces many transistors in a computer; result in a continuation of the trends begun in the second generation. These trends include reduced size, reduced cost, increased speed, and re

12、duced need for air conditioning.作為第三代計算機(jī)標(biāo)志的技術(shù)發(fā)展是在計算機(jī)中使用集成電路或簡稱IC。一個集成電路就是包含許多晶體管的一個硅片（芯片）。一個集成電路代替了計算機(jī)中的許多晶體管，導(dǎo)致了始于第二代的一些趨勢的繼續(xù)。這些趨勢包括計算機(jī)體積減小、成本降低、速度提高和對空調(diào)的需要減少。The BASIC programming language was designed in 1964 and became popular during the third computer generation because of its interactive natur

13、e.BASIC語言發(fā)明于1964年，并由于其交互式特征而在第三代計算機(jī)期間大為流行。The fourth generation of computers is more difficult to define than the other three generations. This generation is characterized by more and more transistors being contained on a silicon chip. First there was Large Scale Integration (LSI), with hundreds and

14、 thousands of transistors per chip, then came Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), with tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of transistors. The trend continues today.第四代計算機(jī)比其他三代更難以定義。這一代計算機(jī)的特征是一個芯片上包含越來越多的晶體管。首先，出現(xiàn)了一個芯片上具有數(shù)百和數(shù)千個晶體管的大規(guī)模集成電路（LSI），接著出現(xiàn)了一個芯片上具有數(shù)萬和數(shù)十萬個晶體管的超大規(guī)模集成電路（VLSI）。這個趨勢在今天仍在

15、持續(xù)。Packaged software became widely available for microcomputers so that today most software is purchased （'pts 買,購買）, not developed from scratch （skræt起跑線）.用于微型計算機(jī)的軟件包隨處可得，因此今天大多數(shù)的軟件可以購得，而不需從頭開始開發(fā)。Its also interesting to contemplate（ 'kntm,plet注視,沉思；期待,仔細(xì)考慮）that, if this growth continue

16、s over the next 50 years, then by the 100th anniversary of the UNIVAC-1, computers will be operating at speeds on the order of 1023 Flops!設(shè)想一下也很有趣，如果在未來50年間仍以這樣的速度持續(xù)增長，到UNIVAC-1誕生的100周年，計算機(jī)將會大約每秒1023次的浮點運算速度運行。Chapter 2 Organization of Computersinstruction cycle 'sak! 指令周期decode vt. 解碼，譯解bus n.

17、總線pins n, 插腳，管腳uppermost adj. 最高的；adv. 在最上address bus 地址總線data bus 數(shù)據(jù)總線via 'va prep. 經(jīng)，通過，經(jīng)由multibit 多位bidirectional 雙向的unidirectional 單向的hierarchy 'ha,rrk n. 層次，層級microprocessor n. 微處理器register 'rdst n. 寄存器timing n. 定時；時序；時間選擇synchronize 'skrnaz vt. 使同步assert 'st vt. 主張，出發(fā)deasse

18、rt vt. 撤銷trigger vt. 引發(fā)，引起，觸發(fā)map v. 映射port port n. 端口latch læt v. 閉鎖，鎖存program counter 'kaunt 程序計數(shù)器instruction register 指令寄存器operand n. 操作數(shù)increment 'nkrmnt n. 增量，加1flag register 標(biāo)志寄存器pipe pap line n. 流水線microsequenced 'sikwns 微層序的local bus 局部總線multibyte n. 多字節(jié)shut off n. 切斷，關(guān)閉enabl

19、e n. 使能tri-state 三態(tài)tri-stated 高阻態(tài)dimension d'mnn n. 尺度，維（數(shù)）configuration kn,fgj'ren n. 構(gòu)造，結(jié)構(gòu)，配置as far as 盡；就；至于hign-order 高位low-order 低位interleaving n. 交叉，交錯contiguous kn'tgjus adj. 鄰近的，接近的assign 'san vt. 分配，指派big endian 高位優(yōu)先little endian 低位優(yōu)先hexadecimal 'hks,dsm! adj. 十六進(jìn)制的；n.十六

20、進(jìn)制alignment 'lanmnt n. 對齊方式leftmost adj. 最左邊的rightmost adj. 最右邊的，最右面的consecutive kn'skjutv adj. 連續(xù)的，連貫的cache kæ n. 高速緩沖virtual memory 虛擬存儲器buffer 'bf n. 緩沖器homogeneous ,hom'dins adj. 同類的，均一的circuitry 'sktr n. 電路，線路head n. 磁頭wait state 等待狀態(tài)DMA=Direct Memory Access 直接存儲器訪問inte

21、rrupt 中斷The input/output, or I/O, subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices, such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer, or the keypad and digital display of a microwave oven.輸入輸出或I/O子系統(tǒng)允許CPU與I/O設(shè)備如個人計算機(jī)的鍵盤和顯示器或微波爐的鍵區(qū)與數(shù)字顯示交互作用。These signals indicate whether data

22、 is to be read into or written out of the CPU, whether the CPU is accessing memory or an I/O device, and whether the I/O device or memory is ready to transfer data.這些信號用來指示數(shù)據(jù)是要讀入CPU還是要從CPU寫出，CPU是要訪問存儲器還是要訪問I/O設(shè)備，是I/O設(shè)備還是存儲器已就緒要傳送數(shù)據(jù)等等。In this chapter, we examine the organization of basic computer sys

23、tems. A simple computer has three primary subsystems. The central processing unit, or CPU, performs many operations and controls the computer. A microprocessor usually serves as the computers CPU. The memory subsystem is used to store programs being executed（ 'ks,kjut實施,實行;執(zhí)行）by the CPU, along w

24、ith（和一起）the programs data. The input/output, or I/O, subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices, such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer, or the keypad and digital display of a microwave oven.本章介紹基本計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)組成，一個簡單的計算機(jī)包括三個主要子系統(tǒng)：中央處理器或CPU執(zhí)行許多運算并控制計算機(jī)，微處理器一般充當(dāng)計算機(jī)的CP

25、U；存儲器子系統(tǒng)用于存儲由CPU運行的程序以及程序的數(shù)據(jù)；輸入輸出或I/O子系統(tǒng)允許CPU與I/O設(shè)備如個人計算機(jī)的鍵盤和顯示器或微波爐的鍵區(qū)與數(shù)字顯示交互作用。Most computer systems, from the embedded（嵌入的）controllers fund in automobiles and consumer（ kn'sjum消費者;消耗者）（appliances 'plans器具,用具;裝置,設(shè)備）to personal computers and mainframes, have the same basic organization. Thi

26、s organization has three main components: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem. We discuss each of these components in more detail later in this chapter. The generic organization of these components is shown in Figure 2-1.大多數(shù)計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，從汽車和日用電器中的嵌入式控制器到個人計算機(jī)和大型主機(jī)，都具有相同的基本組成。其基本組成包括三個主要部件：

27、CPU、存儲子系統(tǒng)和I/O子系統(tǒng)。這些部件的一般組成如圖2-1所示。Physically, a bus is a set of wires. The components of the computer are connected to the buses. To send information from one component to another, the source component outputs data onto the bus. The destination component then inputs this data from the bus. As the co

28、mplexity（ km'plkst 1.復(fù)雜性 2.復(fù)雜度）of a computer system increases, it becomes more efficient (in terms of minimizing（ 'mn,maz使減至最小限度，最小化）connections) at using buses rather than direct connections between every pair of devices. Buses use less space on a circuit board and require less power than a

29、 large number of direct connections. They also require fewer pins （pn插頭） on the chip or chips that comprise the CPU.從物理上來說，總線就是一組導(dǎo)線。計算機(jī)的部件就是連在總線上的。為了將信息從一個部件傳到另一個部件，源部件先將數(shù)據(jù)輸出到總線上，然后目標(biāo)部件再從總線上接受這些數(shù)據(jù)。隨著計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜性的不斷增長，使用總線比每個設(shè)備對之間直接連接要有效得多（就減少連接數(shù)量而言）。與大量的直接連接相比，總線使用較少的電路板空間，耗能更少，而且在芯片或組成CPU的芯片組上需要較少的引腳。T

30、he system shown in Figure 2-1 has three buses. The uppermost bus in this figure is the address bus.圖2-1所示的系統(tǒng)包括三組總線。最上面的是地址總線。Data is transferred via the data bus. When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its address bus. Then memory outputs the data onto the data

31、 bus; the CPU can then read the data from the data bus. When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the address onto the address bus, then outputs the data onto the data bus. Memory then reads and stores the data at the proper location. The processes for reading data from and writing data to

32、the I/O devices are similar.數(shù)據(jù)是通過數(shù)據(jù)總線傳送的。當(dāng)CPU從存儲器中取數(shù)據(jù)時，它首先把存儲器地址輸出到地址總線上，然后存儲器將數(shù)據(jù)輸出到數(shù)據(jù)總線上，這樣CPU就可以從數(shù)據(jù)總線上讀取數(shù)據(jù)了。當(dāng)CPU向存儲器中寫數(shù)據(jù)時，它首先將地址輸出到地址總線上，然后把數(shù)據(jù)輸出到數(shù)據(jù)總線上，這樣存儲器就可以從數(shù)據(jù)總線上讀取數(shù)據(jù)并將它存儲到正確的單元中。對I/O設(shè)備讀寫數(shù)據(jù)的過程與此類似。The control bus is different from the other two buses. The address bus consists of n lines, which

33、combine to transmit one n-bit address value. Similarly, the lines of the data bus work together to transmit a single multibit value. In contrast, the control bus is a collection of individual control signals. These signals indicate whether data is to be read into or written out of the CPU, whether t

34、he CPU is accessing memory or an I/O device, and whether the I/O device or memory is ready to transfer data.控制總線與以上兩種總線都不相同。地址總線由n根線構(gòu)成，n根線聯(lián)合傳送一個n位的地址值。類似地，數(shù)據(jù)總線的各條線合起來傳輸一個單獨的多位值。相反，控制總線是單根控制信號的集合。這些信號用來指示數(shù)據(jù)是要讀入CPU還是要從CPU寫出，CPU是要訪問存儲器還是要訪問I/O設(shè)備，是I/O設(shè)備還是存儲器已就緒要傳送數(shù)據(jù)等等。The instruction cycle （'sak! 周期

35、，環(huán)，循環(huán)）is the procedure （pr'sid程序，手續(xù)，步驟）a microprocessor goes through to process an instruction. First the microprocessor fetches, or reads, the instruction from memory. Then it decodes the instruction, determining which instruction it has fetched. Finally, it performs the operations necessary to

36、 execute( 'ks,kjut執(zhí)行，實行；完成)the instruction. 指令周期是微處理器完成一條指令處理的步驟。首先，微處理器從存儲器讀取指令，然后將指令譯碼，辨明它取的是哪一條指令。最后，它完成必要的操作來執(zhí)行指令。Each of these functions-fetch( ft提取, 存取), decode, and execute-consists of a sequence ('sikwns 1.序列順序 2.次序 3.數(shù)列（數(shù)組）)of one or more operations.每一個功能讀取、譯碼和執(zhí)行都包括一個或多個操作。Chapter 3

37、 Organization of Computershexa'hksdecimal adj. 十六進(jìn)制；n. 十六進(jìn)制octal 'kt! adj. 八進(jìn)制的；n. 八進(jìn)制alphabet 'ælf,bt n. 字母表radix 'redks n. 根，基數(shù)fractional 'frækn! daj. 分?jǐn)?shù)的，小數(shù)的whole number n. 整數(shù)remainder r'mend n. 余數(shù)significant figure n. 有效數(shù)字quotient 'kwont n. 商algorithm n. 算法c

38、omplement n. 補(bǔ)碼，余角carry n. 進(jìn)位Boolean algebra 布爾代數(shù)intersection 交set algebra 'ældbr 集合代數(shù)finite set 有限集empty set 空集infinite set 無限集universal set 全集exclusion k'sklun“異”運算subset 子集associative 'so,etv 結(jié)合律complement 補(bǔ)commutative k'mjuttv 交換律distributivity 分配律idempotency 同一律absorption b

39、'srpn Law 吸收律correspond to 相應(yīng)于arise from 起因于，由引出together with 和，加上component km'ponnt wise adv. 按照分量retrieval r'triv! n. 檢索extrapolation k,stræp'len n. 數(shù)外推法，推斷nanometer 'mit n. 毫微米，納米u(yù)nambiguous ,næm'bgjus adj. 不含糊的，明確的postulate 'pst,let vt. & n. 假定rigorously

40、 'rgrsl adv. 嚴(yán)密地，嚴(yán)厲地derive vt. 從得到，異出microfluid 'flud ic 微流體caveat 'kev,æt n. 防止誤解的說明；要求停止某些行動的警告Early in our education, we learned that a decimal, or base 10, number was constructed with 10 digits: 0 through 9.在早期教育中，我們已學(xué)習(xí)了十進(jìn)制數(shù)，或以10為基數(shù)的數(shù)，它由10個數(shù)字組成：0到9。The prior examples have shown

41、that to convert from any number base to decimal, determine the weights or values of each position of the number, and then sum the weights to form the decimal equivalent.前面的例子說明了將任何其他計數(shù)的數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為十進(jìn)制數(shù)時，十進(jìn)制數(shù)的值取決于該數(shù)每個位上的權(quán)或值，它們的和就是等效的十進(jìn)制數(shù)值。Before numbers are converted from one number base to another, the digi

42、ts of a number system must be understood. Early in our education, we learned that a decimal, or base 10, number was constructed with 10 digits: 0 through 9. The first digit in any numbering system is always a zero. For example, a base 8 (octal) number contains 8 digits: 0 through 7; a base 2 (binary

43、) number contains 2 digits: 0 and 1. If the base of a number exceeds 10, the additional digits use the letters of the alphabet, beginning with an A, For example, a base 12 number contains 12 digits: 0 through 9, followed by A for 10 and B for 11. Note that a base 10 number does not contain a 10 digi

44、t, just as a base 8 number does net contain an 8 digit. The most common numbering systems used with computers are decimal, binary, and hexadecimal. Each system is described and used in this section of the chapter.將數(shù)從一種數(shù)制向另一種數(shù)制轉(zhuǎn)換之前，必須了解數(shù)的計數(shù)系統(tǒng)。在早期教育中，我們已學(xué)習(xí)了十進(jìn)制數(shù)，或以10為基數(shù)的數(shù)，它由10個數(shù)字組成：0到9。任何計數(shù)制的第一個數(shù)字總是零，這

45、種規(guī)則適用于任何其他數(shù)制。例如，以8為基數(shù)（八進(jìn)制）包含8個數(shù)字：0到7，而以2為基的數(shù)（二進(jìn)制）包含2個數(shù)字：0到1。如果基數(shù)大于10 ，其余數(shù)字用從A開始的字母表示，例如，以12為基的數(shù)包含12個數(shù)字，0到9，之后用A代表10，B代表11。注意，以10為基的數(shù)不包含數(shù)字10，如同以8為基的數(shù)不包含數(shù)字8一樣。計算機(jī)中最通用的計數(shù)制是十進(jìn)制、二進(jìn)制、八進(jìn)制和十六進(jìn)制（基為16）。每種計數(shù)制都將在本節(jié)中進(jìn)行說明和應(yīng)用。The prior examples have shown that to convert from any number base to decimal, determine

46、the weights or values of each position of the number, and then sum the weights to form the decimal equivalent. Suppose that a 125.78 octal is converted to decimal, To accomplish this conversion, first write down the weights of each position of the number. This appears in Example 3-2. The value of 12

47、5.78 is 85.875 decimal, or 1×64 plus 2×8 plus 5×1 plus 7×.125.前面的例子說明了將任何其他計數(shù)的數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為十進(jìn)制數(shù)時，十進(jìn)制數(shù)的值取決于該數(shù)每個位上的權(quán)或值，它們的和就是等效的十進(jìn)制數(shù)值。假定要將125.78（八進(jìn)制）轉(zhuǎn)換為十進(jìn)制。為了完成這個轉(zhuǎn)換，首先寫出該數(shù)每一位數(shù)的權(quán)，如例3-2所示，125.78的值是十進(jìn)制的85.875，即1×64+2×8+5×1+7×0.125。Conversions from decimal to other number sy

48、stems are more difficult to accomplish than conversion to decimal. To convert the whole number portion of a number to decimal, divide by the radix('redks基，基數(shù)，根值).To convert the fractional portion, multiply by the radix.Whole Number Conversion from Decimal. To convert a decimal whole number to an

49、other number system, divide by the radix and save the remainders as significant digits of the result. An algorithm for this conversion is as follows;1.Divide the decimal number by the radix (number base).2.Save the remainder（ r'mend差數(shù);余數(shù),余項）(first remainder is the least significant digit),3.Repe

50、at steps 1 and 2 until the quotient is zero.For example, to convert a 10 decimal to binary, divide it by 2. The result is 5, with a remainder of 0. The first remainder is the units position of the result (in this example, a 0).Next,divide the 5 by 2. The result is 2, with a remainder of 1, The 1 is

51、the value of the twos (21) position. Continue the division until the quotient( 'kwont .商；商式)is zero. Example 3-4 shows this conversion process. The result is written as 10102, from the bottom to the top.Converting from a Decimal Fraction（ 'frækn分?jǐn)?shù)；分式）. Conversion from a decimal fraction

52、 to another number base is accomplished with multiplication by the radix. For example, to convert a decimal fraction into binary, multiply by 2. After the multiplication, the whole number portion of the result is saved as a significant digit of the result, and the fractional remainder is again multi

53、plied by the radix. When the fraction remainder is zero, multiplication ends. Note that some numbers are never-ending. That is, a zero is never a remainder. An algorithm for conversion from a decimal fraction is as follows:1.Multiply the decimal fraction by the radix (number base).2. Save the whole

54、number portion of the result (even if zero) as a digit. Note that the first result is written immediately to the right of the radix point.3.Repeat steps 1 and 2, using the fractional part of step 2 until the fractional part of step 2 is zero.Suppose that a .125 decimal is converted to binary. This i

55、s accomplished with multiplications by 2, as illustrated in Example 3-6. Notice that the multiplication continues until the fractional remainder is zero. The whole number portions（結(jié)果） are written as the binary fraction (0.001) （二進(jìn)制小數(shù)） in this example.由十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換成其他進(jìn)制比由其他進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換成十進(jìn)制困難。轉(zhuǎn)換十進(jìn)制整數(shù)部分時，要用基數(shù)去除，轉(zhuǎn)換分?jǐn)?shù)部

56、分時，要用基數(shù)去乘它們。轉(zhuǎn)換十進(jìn)制整數(shù)部分 將十進(jìn)制整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成其他數(shù)制時，要用基數(shù)去除，并且保存余數(shù)作為結(jié)果的有效數(shù)字。這種轉(zhuǎn)換的算法如下：1用基數(shù)除十進(jìn)制數(shù)2保存余數(shù)（最先得到的余數(shù)是最低有效位數(shù)字）。3重復(fù)步驟1和2，直到商為零。例如，將十進(jìn)制的10轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制，要用2去除，結(jié)果為5，余數(shù)為0。第一個余數(shù)是結(jié)果的個位（此例中是0）。接下來用2去除5，結(jié)果為2，余數(shù)為1，則1是第二位（21）的值。繼續(xù)做除法，直到商為零。例3-4給出了這個轉(zhuǎn)換過程。從下向上讀，這個結(jié)果為10102。轉(zhuǎn)換十進(jìn)制小數(shù)部分 轉(zhuǎn)換10進(jìn)制小數(shù)部分是用基數(shù)乘來完成的。例如，要將十進(jìn)制小數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制，要用2乘。乘法之后

57、，乘積的整數(shù)部分保存起來作為結(jié)果的一個有效位，剩余的小數(shù)再用基數(shù)2去乘。當(dāng)剩余的小數(shù)部分為0時，乘法結(jié)束。有些數(shù)可能永遠(yuǎn)不會結(jié)束，即余數(shù)總不為0.轉(zhuǎn)換十進(jìn)制小數(shù)部分的算法如下：1用基數(shù)乘十進(jìn)制小數(shù)。2保存結(jié)果的整數(shù)部分（即使是零作為一位數(shù)）。注意，第一個得到的結(jié)果寫在緊挨著小數(shù)點的右邊。3用步驟2的小數(shù)部分重復(fù)步驟1和2，直到步驟2的小數(shù)部分是零。假如要將十進(jìn)制的.125轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制。完成這個轉(zhuǎn)換要用2來乘，如例3-6所示。注意，乘法直到小數(shù)部分為0時才停止。在本例的結(jié)果為二進(jìn)制小數(shù)（0.001）。Chapter 4 Organization of Computersharsh table 雜

58、湊（哈希）表priority pra'rt queue kju s 優(yōu)先隊列reusability n. 復(fù)用性binary tree 二叉樹trave trev rsing 遍歷，走過context-free 與上下文無關(guān)inviting n'vat adj. 引人動心的，有魅力的contiguous kn'tgjus adj. 鄰近的，接近的，毗邊的stack stæk n. 堆棧insertion n. 插入deletion n. 刪除，刪除部分pop pp 退棧push 進(jìn)棧backtrack v. 回溯pseudo 'sudo code n. 計偽代碼retrieve r'triv v. 重新得到；n. 找回pointer n. 指針pertinent 'ptnnt