何凱文考研英語長難句66句完美打印版

1、何凱文長難句66句1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【詞匯突破】：cognitive 認知的 （后天習得的） Intuitive 先天的 和以上這組單詞概念相同的表達還有： Nature先天；nurture后天； bo

2、rn ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天習得；Determine 決定Coupled with 相當于and,想類似的表達還有along with ; combined with等。【主干識別】：句子的主語是This success和later research ；謂語是led; 賓語是Ericsson; 不定式短語to conclude 做狀語；主干結構是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that 【其他成分】：在research后面接一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語，在這個現(xiàn)在分詞

3、短語中that引導的從句做showing 的賓語；在不定式短語中that引導的從句做conclude的賓語；morethan結構翻譯為與其說，不如說?！疚⒂^解析】：由于主語中的第二個并列成分比較長，且是用兩個逗號隔開的，在閱讀的時候可以跳讀；把This success和動詞led先連起來然后再來解析其他成分?！咀g文賞析】：這種成功和后來表明記憶本身并不是先天決定的研究使愛立信總結道，記憶的行為與其說是一種先天的行為不如說是一種習得的行為。2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out num

4、erical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.【詞匯突破】：visualize 想象 Figure out 發(fā)現(xiàn)和找出 Suits 使適合【主干識別】：句子主語是由how引導的一個主語從句，it是句子的形式主語；句子主干為: How is not obvious.在主語從句中主語是capacity，謂語是suits 賓語是one ;【其他成分】：狀語為to answer主語后加上兩個動詞不定式做后置定語； 動詞不定式中的賓語questi

5、ons后面接一個that引導的定語從句?！倦y點揭秘】：這個句子是一個由形式主語it引導的主語從句，其中難點為需要識別出主語從句中的動詞suits.【譯文賞析】：構思物體和找出數(shù)字模型的能力是如何讓一個人去回答那些連最好的詩人和哲學家都回避的問題的，這點我們還不是很清楚。3Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.【詞匯突破】Toil through (

6、辛苦的經歷) 名詞：Winston Churchill: "Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉爾演講)sweat and toil （汗水和辛苦） He succeeded after years of toil. (他經歷數(shù)年的辛勞之后成功了) SAT 美國高考 全稱為scholastic assessment test 學術性評估測試 testify 證實 matter 這里是動詞，重要；sth matters 事情很重要；【主干識別】anyone 為句子的主語，will testify 為句子謂語，that引導一個賓語從句；【其他成分】that 引

7、導的賓語從句中test-taking skill 為主語，matters 做謂語，whether 引導一個狀語從句【譯文賞析】任何一個曾經辛苦的經歷過SAT考試的人都會證實考試的技巧也很重要，無論這種技巧是知道什么時候去猜還是知道什么問題應該跳過。 【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether its individuals willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group. 4

8、. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.【詞匯突破】count on 依靠； fair play 公平競爭【主干識別】the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主謂結

9、構被動態(tài)；【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定語從句修飾middle-class family ；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做狀語；【微觀解析】the American middle-class family 為句子主語，謂語是has been transformed；During the past generation和by economic risk

10、and new realities 為狀語；that 引導一個定語從句，that在從句中做主語，謂語為 could count on， 賓語為hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure為狀語?！倦y點揭秘】主語后接了較長的修飾成份使這個句子在閱讀時主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難。【譯文賞析】在過去的20多年時間里，那些曾經依靠辛勤工作和公平競爭就可以保證自己財政收支安全的美國中產階級家庭已經被經濟風險和新的現(xiàn)實所改變。（定語從句前置的翻譯方法來處理這個句子）5.Much of the language used to des

11、cribe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.【詞匯突破】steer 指揮，控制 precise 精確的【主干識別】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+謂+賓+賓補

12、結構【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy過去分詞短語做后置定語修飾the language；such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容詞短語；形容詞短語做后置定語修飾the language?！倦y點揭秘】主語后接了較長的修飾成份使這個句子在閱讀時主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難?！咀g文賞析】有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如"操縱經濟軟著陸"或者"輕踩剎車"，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學。沒有什么比

13、這更遠離實際情況的了。（但這些說法是最不靠譜的，事情遠非如此用來表示強烈的反對 這與i cann't agree with you more有異曲同工之妙） 【翻譯點撥】第二個句子的翻譯中可以使用正話反說的方法來進行翻譯，在肯定和否定之間進行轉換?？梢詤⒖枷旅娴膬蓚€例子：（1）An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 機會難得。（2）Such things are of no rare occurrence. 這些事情經常發(fā)生。【作文】用于批駁對方的時候就可以用：Nothing could be further from the tr

14、uth.6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【詞匯突破】agony 痛苦 despair 絕望 prolong 延長【主干識別】many acknowledge that +賓語從句 （many 作為代詞表示很

15、多人，或者很多個體）【其他成分】On another level 做狀語和in the medical community做定語；the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients為賓語從句主干；特別提示：fuel本來意思是燃料，但是這里可以理解為由于，因為，加劇的意思；為了以后閱讀理解更透徹，可以直接把結構A is fueled by B 理解為：A是結果；B是原因.例句：China's success is fueled by the age of globlization.【微觀解析】in

16、part賓語從句中的狀語，for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.定語從句修飾patients; 定語從句還原為一個獨立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 這個句子中的them 和前面句子中的patients 為相同名詞，因此在這里作者將其寫成了一個定語從句，但是在翻譯的時候是要分譯的。這句話在定語從句的前世和今生： suicide debate has been fueled in par

17、t by the despair of patients. The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.(兩個句子中出現(xiàn)了共有的名詞patients 和 them,于是them 被換成了whom ；for whom 一并提前。)【難點揭秘】同樣是隔離結構在閱讀的過程中給我們帶來不舒服的感覺，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之間，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之間。【譯文賞析】在另一個層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人士承認，關于醫(yī)生幫助下

18、的自殺的討論，部分是因為病人的絕望情緒，對病人來說，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學已經延長了死亡的生理的痛苦。【寫作】On another level，many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacle

19、s on their job hunting way.7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.【詞匯突破】illustrate 例證； in terms of 根據(jù)，以為依據(jù)；【主干識別】The trend was most

20、 obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表結構兩個并列的動詞【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom為狀語。【微觀解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修飾狀語中的名詞science做定語。【難點揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副詞做狀語放的位置都不是在開頭和結尾，而是放在了中間部分，這樣給我們閱

21、讀帶來一定的困擾，但是難點既亮點，我們在寫作的過程中就可以靈活的運用：based especially on這樣的表達了?！咀g文賞析】很自然，這種趨勢會在尤以數(shù)學或實驗室訓練為基礎的自然學科領域中表現(xiàn)的最為明顯，并且可以用英國地質學的發(fā)展作為例證來說明?！痉g點撥】把副詞放到開頭來翻譯，正是體現(xiàn)了前面所講到的副詞很多時候就是在修飾整個句子。8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures” th

22、at may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care.【詞匯突破】 under treatment 治療不足 aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑釁的 3.有進取精神的;有干勁的 4.大膽的 dishonor 使丟臉,使受恥辱 medical procedures 醫(yī)療手段【主干識別】The report identifiesandas the twin problems of end-of-life care 主謂賓賓補結構；the und

23、er treatment of pain和 the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 為并列的賓語成分?！疚⒂^解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying為定語從句修飾ineffectual and forced medical procedures，定語從句中有兩個并列的動詞prolong and dishonor做

24、謂語?！倦y點揭秘】這個句子的困難之處就在于并列賓語的后半部分加上了一個定語從句進而使identify 和as 之間的距離拉大，產生了閱讀障礙。【譯文賞析】報告把對疼痛處理不夠和大膽使用可能延長死亡期甚至讓病人死的不體面的無效的和強制的醫(yī)療手段確定為臨終關懷的兩個問題。報告確定了臨終關懷的兩個問題，一是對疼痛處理不夠，二是大膽的使用可能延長死亡期甚至讓病人死的不體面的那些無效和強制的醫(yī)療手段?！痉g點撥】這個句子的翻譯主要考察對于詞的理解： dishonor the period of dying 直接翻譯就是:使死亡的階段受到恥辱?？梢赞D譯為：讓病人死的不體面。中文是習慣是以人為主體的。還有就

25、是medical procedures 表示醫(yī)療手段而不要翻譯成醫(yī)療過程。9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.【詞匯突破】inspired 有激發(fā)性的 establishment 機構，建立nonetheless 但是case 事實,實情【主干識別】The notion

26、would seem merely silly. 主系表結構【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位語從句修飾notion；主干為that learning should have an element of inspired play，是主謂結構；in it 為狀語。to the greater part of the academic establishment狀語。【難點揭秘】這個句子的難點就是在主干中加入了狀語和同位語從句使句子結構變得復雜。很多同學會對but 和 nonetheless 連

27、用感到困惑。兩個句子之間是需要連詞連接的，but是連詞，起連接兩個句子的作用。但是兩個句子之間的轉折關系并不是像but所表達的那樣強烈，前后兩句之間為“部分肯定”的轉折關系，因此使用nonetheless 轉折副詞，表明轉折的意味并不強烈。這里的but也可以換為and。 【譯文賞析】大多數(shù)的學術機構認為在學習中加入有啟發(fā)性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是這樣的事情確實常常發(fā)生的。【翻譯點撥】把狀語翻譯為中文中的主謂結構，我們也可以翻譯為：“對于大多數(shù)的學術機構而言”，但是翻譯為中文的主謂結構更簡潔，that is the case 如果翻譯為這就是事實，沒有能表達出準確的句意。就正如邁克爾杰克遜的

28、紀念電影this is it 我們翻譯為:就是這樣。10. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.【詞匯突破】argue for 支持 argue against 反對 on the behalf o

29、f = on behalf of 代表career prospects 就業(yè)前景radical 徹底的，根本的，激進的【主干識別】An invisible border divides those and those. 主謂賓結構【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 現(xiàn)在分詞短語分別修

30、飾兩個those 作后置定語。【微觀解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects相當于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects【難點揭秘】divide those and those在兩個those后面加上了很長的修飾成分造成了結構識別的困難。 【譯文賞析】一條無形的界限將支持計算機進課堂的人分為兩類：一類人是從學生的職業(yè)前景從發(fā)思考的，另一類人想

31、的是像教育的徹底改革這樣的一些更廣泛的理由?！痉g點撥】在翻譯的過程中，我們把arguing for computers in the classroom放到了those 前作漢語中的前置定語再把過長的定語部分單獨成句，這樣更符合中文的表達習慣。）11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflect

32、ed by the statistics.【詞匯突破】the treasury secretary 財政部長（美） anecdote 軼聞，趣聞 statistics 數(shù)據(jù)（還有一個我們不熟悉的意思：表格） picture 情況，事態(tài)，局面，狀況，情形，形勢【主干識別】There is a disjunction.【其他成分】as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入語；between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the pi

33、cture reflected by the statistics后置定語修飾a disjunction.【微觀解析】between the mass of business anecdote and the picture; 為定語的主體部分；that points to a leap in productivity修飾anecdote；reflected by the statistics修飾statistics?！倦y點揭秘】由于插入語的加入，造成了對主干是別的難度，尤其是在between and結構的識別中由于加入了定語從句使其難于理解?！咀g文賞析】正如財長魯賓所說，在表明生產力飛躍發(fā)展

34、的商業(yè)佚事和數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況之間存在著脫節(jié)。【翻譯點撥】也可以把比較長的那個部分單獨翻譯，這樣更符合中文的習慣：有大量表明生產力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事，但是財長羅伯特.魯賓認為現(xiàn)實的數(shù)據(jù)表明的情況并不能支持這些傳奇。12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over

35、time.【詞匯突破】estimate 估量，評估 notbut 不是而是【主干識別】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes.【其他成分】括號中的內容對biomass進行解釋和說明；of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定語修飾biomass， in that biomass over time后置定語修飾changes；【難點揭秘】estimate的賓語為the actual biomass 和changes的并列，并列連詞為but ,

36、 在閱讀的過程中往往 會由于長定語的分割而產生閱讀的障礙；【譯文賞析】他們的研究方法并不是想估計出某些特定地區(qū)魚類的實際生物量（活的生物總量），而是估計出這些生物量隨著時間發(fā)生的變化。【翻譯點撥】多個定語在修飾著changes因此順序應該做符合中文習慣的調整。13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and fe

37、el better.【詞匯突破】authority 權威harness 使停止的意思；和stop 可以互換但是更加正式的表達；還有一個單詞是curb，這個單詞表示控制的意思相當于control，原意是韁繩的意思，這個單詞為考研高頻詞。 conscious 有意識的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams;【主干識別】one leading authority says that+賓語從句；【其他成分】賓語從句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed

38、but actually brought under conscious control; 并列連詞not only but also連接兩個并列的動詞harnessed 和 brought；to help us sleep and feel better 為目的狀語【難點揭秘】動詞的并列造成識別上的困難。【譯文賞析】而一名頂級權威認為，這些極其強烈的大腦活動不僅可以被抑制，實際上還可以受到意識的控制，進而幫助我們睡眠，使我們感覺好一些。14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will

39、have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selvesgoals that pose a real challenge.【詞匯突破】 utility 運用supervision 監(jiān)管【主干識別】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的兩個謂語由and 連接；【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage

40、 of laborsaving utility狀語；with less human supervision狀語；at least狀語；goals that pose a real challenge整個句子的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】同位語goals 被定語從句修飾；【難點揭秘】動詞的并列，狀語的隔離；同位語的識別需要關注。【譯文賞析】但是如果機器人能在下一個階段達到節(jié)省人工的運用，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要至少能夠自己做出幾個決定-這些目標才會帶來真的挑戰(zhàn)。【翻譯點撥】對于the next stage of laborsaving utility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機器人要

41、達到節(jié)省人工的運用的下一個階段在，這樣的表達不僅拗口而且難懂，就是典型的死譯，所以把定語轉譯為狀語。15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.【詞匯突破】gl

42、impse 快速的看一眼； disregard 拋棄，丟棄 irrelevant 不相干 instantaneously 立即 winding 蜿蜒曲折的 suspicious 可疑的【主干識別】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的兩個動詞glimpse和disregard【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修飾 the 98percent; focusing on the monkey at the side of a win

43、ding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，focus 的動作發(fā)出者就是句子主語human mind?！疚⒂^解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 為focus on 的并列賓語【難點揭秘】動詞的并列在主句中出現(xiàn)；而在現(xiàn)在分詞短語中出現(xiàn)并列賓語；【譯文賞析】但是人類的大腦可以只迅速地瞟一眼一個快速改變的場面，然后立刻放棄98的不相關信息，而馬上聚焦于一條崎嶇森林道路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。16.A comparison of

44、 British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.，【詞匯突破】reveal 揭露constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性，首要地位【主干識別】A comparison reveals notbut als

45、o 主謂賓結構【其他成分】of British geological publications定語修飾comparison, over the last century and a half定語修飾publications，an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research賓語，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列賓語【微觀解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on th

46、e primacy of research修飾emphasis;research修飾definition ; what 引導一個賓語從句作of 的賓語，what為賓語從句中的主語?！倦y點揭秘】出現(xiàn)并列的賓語并且在賓語中的定語又出現(xiàn)一個賓語從句，這樣就增加了句子的復雜性，并且在句中出現(xiàn)了好幾個動態(tài)名詞。【譯文賞析】將過去一個半世紀英國地質學領域的出版物做一下比較，(我們)就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對科研的主導地位的強調不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內容的定義也有所變化。【翻譯點撥】在這個句中有兩個動態(tài)名詞一個是comparison，還有一個為emphasis，其中還有一個動態(tài)形容詞changing

47、；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動詞，并增加概說的主語“我們”。17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations cap

48、able of meeting customers demands.【詞匯突破】M&A 為mergers and acquisitions 的縮寫表示合并和兼并的意思為經濟術語。underlie 構成的基礎；導致發(fā)生。例如：The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.（引起這些危機的社會問題尚未解決。）trade and investment barriers 貿易和投資壁壘globalization process 全球化進程(可以作為寫作詞匯使用)【主干識別】I believe that+賓語從句【其他成分

49、】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same 為賓語從句主干；that underlie the globalization process為定語從句；“：”后為對forces的解釋；【微觀解析】三種力量的并列為falling transportation and communication costs,以及l(fā)ower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一個定語從句 that require enlarged operations

50、和后置定語形容詞短語：capable of meeting customers demands【難點揭秘】并列的三種力量，由于修飾語比較長和并列連詞較多使其解析較難；【譯文賞析】我認為巨大的并購浪潮背后的最重要的推動力和促進全球化進程的力量是一樣的：即降低交通運輸成本，逐漸減少貿易投資壁壘，以及為能滿足消費者需求而大幅度拓展得市場。18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get the

51、re should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.【詞匯突破】auditors 審計人員 distract 分散注意力【主干識別】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +賓語從句. 形式主語從句【其他成分】for auditors 狀語；scientists who know exactly where they are going and how

52、they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.賓語從句?！疚⒂^解析】scientists should not be distracted 賓語從句主干；who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定語從句修飾scientist；where they are going

53、and how they will get there定語從句中know的賓語從句；by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.狀語；of keeping one eye on the cash register修飾the necessity 作定語。while the other eye is on the microscope狀語修飾keeping。【難點揭秘】主語從句中出現(xiàn)定語從句，定語從句中出現(xiàn)并列的賓語這樣隔離的障礙就更為顯著了?！咀g

54、文賞析】審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準備做什么、怎么做的科學家不應該因為必須一只眼盯著收銀機，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力?！痉g點撥】by短語在句子中是充當狀語，翻譯為原因，where they are going and how they will get there處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達符合中文的習慣。如果直接翻譯為：知道他們要去哪里和怎么去，就是對于字面含義的翻譯。屬于死譯。19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in a

55、mple supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【詞匯突破】hypocritical

56、 虛偽的； spectacles 景象 ample 充足的 radical 激進的，根本的 journalist 記者，新聞工作者 advocate 支持 participatory democracy 參與制民主 enrolled in 注冊入學，入伍【主干識別】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主謂結構的被動態(tài)【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定語從句修飾spectacles；“：”之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說明?！疚⒂^解析】定語從句還原為一個完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干為：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever為狀語。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism（美國物質主義的批評者） with a Southampton summer home;（其擁有南安普頓的避暑山莊）；代表人物二 the