全新大學(xué)英語(yǔ)二unit 語(yǔ)法

1、Unit 5 True HeightGlobal Reading . Questions about the Text1. What does the text title True Height mean?(=It has more than one meaning. They are:1) the new bar heights that Michael cleared one after another. 2) the tremendous obstacles Michael had overcome in attaining his goal.)2. As the text consi

2、sts of the main story and a flashback, can you figure out the flashback (=The flashback is from line 11 to line 35). Scanning1. Scan the text again to find out all the instances where “work” is used as a verb and explain in English the different meaning of “ work”.(=work: v. 1) (cause to) be active

3、or use effort or power * “ want something, work for it.” (LL. 2425) (L. 35) (L. 84) 2) be active in the proper way, without failing* “It wasnt working.” (L. 5) 3) exercise * “He worked out every other day” (L. 27) )2. Scan the whole text to find out all the words and phrases that are related to spor

4、ts or stadium. And think about their Chinese equivalents. National Junior Olympics 全國(guó)少年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)personal best 個(gè)人最高記錄stand(s) 看臺(tái)final race 賽跑決賽pole vault event 撐竿跳高項(xiàng)目track and field competition 田徑比賽gymnast 體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員 body builder 健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員 weightlifting 舉重bar 橫桿inflated landing mat 充氣墊 vaulter 撐竿跳高運(yùn)動(dòng)員finger-tip

5、ped push-up 俯臥撐runway 跑道National record 全國(guó)記錄pole 撐竿take-off 起跳set a new world record 刷新一項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄 . Part Division of the TextPartsLinesMain Ideas1111Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career.21235Michaels childhood was marked with dreams and tough training.33690Michael t

6、opped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record.49195What was most unusual about Michaels victory was that he was blind. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1 Description1. Use your own words to draw a picture of the stadium on that day, including the weather, Michaels appearance

7、and inner feeling, the audiences response, etc.2. Use your own words to describe what kind of event the pole vault is.For Part 2Questions and Answers1. From the description of Michael parents, what can you learn about his parents? (=Michaels mother is romantic and passionate, while his father is a h

8、ard-core realist.)2Brainstorm the various obstacles Michael might face during the hard training. (Open-ended.)3. What personality traits are attributed to Michaels success? (=He is diligent, perseverant, optimistic, ambitious, etc.)For Part 3Chart Completion Height of the poleMichaels reaction befor

9、e/after clearing the barImportanceBeforeAfter17 feetHis palm were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grip. (L. 1)1. If Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain(LL. 3738)2. He seemed unaware of (LL. 4041)3 inches higher than his personal best17 feet 2, 17 feet 4 , again he showed no emotion.

10、(LL. 4344)17 feet 6 1. It startled him. (L. 53)2. The intensity anxiety. (L. 56)3. He became more tense. (L. 57)4. Afraid would be (LL. 5859)1. It was that brought Michael back to earth. (LL. 7980)2. On his back with that wonderful hot sun(LL. 8181)9 inches higher than his personal best17 feet He la

11、ter went on that day to clear 17 feet A National and International Junior Olympics recordFor Part 4Discussion1. Why does the author keep the secret about Michaels blindness until the last sentence?2. Who would you admire better, a Michael Stone with a sound body or a blind Michael Stone?. Writing Sk

12、illsAs the text consists of the main story and a flashback, the narration has to switch from the ongoing competition to earlier events and then return to the ongoing competition. How does the author manage to make these parts in the text flow smoothly?1. One way is to repeat a key word in the last s

13、entence of a paragraph in the first sentence of the next paragraph, e.g.It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying.2. Another way is

14、to pick up a key idea from a previous paragraph and repeat it in the sentence introducing the next paragraph, e.g.All of Michaels vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work.Detailed Reading . Difficult Sentences 1. (LL. 89) It combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body b

15、uilder.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=它融合了體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員的優(yōu)雅與健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員的力量。)2. (LL. 1620) He would be running sown a country road. As he raced between golden wheat fields, he wouldWhy is Michaels dream of flying described in details?(=Because Michael has a very deep impression about the dream. There are two

16、 evidence for that: 1) His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up. 2) He always dreamed of flying.)3. (L. 21) Where he flew would always coincide with his mothers stories.Paraphrase the sentence.(=In his dreams, he would always fly over those places described in his mot

17、hers stories.)4. (L. 23) His dad, on the other hand, was not a dreamer.1. What is function of the phrase “on the other hand”?(=The phrase is used for comparing different things or ideas.)2. What can you infer from the phrase? (=Michael s parents are totally different types of people and they play th

18、e different roles in Michaels success.)5. (LL. 4748) Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would not allow himself the thought of not winning first place.1. Paraphrase the first part of the sentence.(=He would not be ashamed of getting himself the second place, but) 2. What can you learn from the se

19、ntence? (=Michael holds a very attitude toward the competition. On the one hand, he wouldnt think it is a shame of winning the second place, on the other hand, he would try his best to win the first place.)6. (LL. 54) Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay.1. Paraphrase the sentence.(=If somethi

20、ng strikes you like a wet bale of hay, it comes as a sudden, forceful and unpleasant surprise.)2. Use some adjectives to describe how Michael felt at that time. (=He felt anxious, tense, nervous, etc.)7. (LL. 6869) The silence was deafening.Is this sentence contradictory with “silence” and “deafenin

21、g”?(=No. “Deafening” here is used to modify “the silence”. It is not an ordinary silence, but a deafening one. This shows both Michael and the crowd are very tense at that moment.)8. (L. 76) Only this time he knew he wasnt dreaming.What does “only” mean here?(=“Only” here means “but”.). Words and Ex

22、pressions1. (L. 1) sweat:1. v. produce sweat*The white shirts were sweated through.*He was sweating after working so hard.2. n. liquid which comes out from the body through the skin to cool it(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus.)2. (L. 8) grace: n. 1) quality of being smooth and

23、elegant, esp. in movement or structure*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room.*She danced with a grace that surprised us. 2) kindness; willingness to do what is right *She had the grace to say that he was right. *他勉強(qiáng)地承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了。(=He agreed that he was wrong with bad gra

24、ce.)3. (L. 10) mere: adj. nothing more than(=She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.)光說(shuō)無(wú)濟(jì)于事。(=Mere words wont help.)4. (L. 10) fantasy: n. (creation of ) imagination*The story is a fantasy.*He lives in a world of fantasy.CF: fantasy, fancy & imagination fantasy 通常指無(wú)限制的，不受意志支配的，完全脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的空想。例如： *An am

25、usement park full of figures from fairy tales may be called Fantasy Land. 一個(gè)游樂(lè)園，如果充滿了神話故事中的人物塑雕，則堪稱(chēng)虛幻境界。fancy 強(qiáng)調(diào)憑空想象客觀世界不存在之事物，這種憑空想象并非完全脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)，只是離現(xiàn)實(shí)較遠(yuǎn)。例如：*Her mind went where fancy took it. 他總是不著邊際地胡思亂想。imagination 是個(gè)常用詞，最少有貶義，它所表示的想象或想象力可以指對(duì)過(guò)去的事物的重新構(gòu)想；也可以指對(duì)不存在或不能存在之事物的構(gòu)想。例如： *Does she have the imagi

26、nation to figure out what happened? 她真的富有想象力，能夠推想出發(fā)生的事情嗎？*These plans reveal a complete failure of imagination. 這些計(jì)劃顯得毫無(wú)想象力。 5. (L.13) numerous: adj. very many *He has a numerous acquaintance among politicians.*During the Depression, numerous people wandered from town to town looking for work.6. (L.

27、 15) passion: n. strong feeling, esp. of love(=The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.)他特別喜歡吃冰淇淋。(=He has a passion for ice cream.)7. (L. 15) detail: n. small, particular fact or item*Everything in her story is correct down to the smallest detail.不要遺漏一點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)。(=Dont omit a single

28、detail.)Collocation:go/enter into details 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明in detail 詳細(xì)地8. (L. 16) recur: vi. 1) come or happen again*If the pain recurs, take this medicine.你知道循環(huán)小數(shù)嗎？(=Do you know the recurring decimals?)2) (of ideas, events etc.)come back *My first meeting with her often recurs to my memory.*Thoughts of home an

29、d family recurred to the lonely traveler.3) go back (to sth.) in words or thought *Let us recur to what you said yesterday. *Do you mind if I may recur to your idea9. (L. 21) coincide: v.1) (of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be in agreement *His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife. *The jud

30、ges did not coincide in opinion.2) happen at the same time of during the same period of time *They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincided with hers.(=The art exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death.)10. (L. 24) core: n. 1) most important or cen

31、tral part of anything *The core of the problem is their objection to educational reform. 讓我們直入事務(wù)的本質(zhì)。(=Lets get to the core of the matter.)2) hard central part containing the seeds of certain fruits, such as the apple*An apple core is the part of an apple left after the flesh has been eaten.Collocati

32、on:to the core: 徹底地; 完全地 *She is French to the core. 她是個(gè)地道的法國(guó)人。11. (L. 28) alternate: 1. adj. 1) every other or second *He works on alternate days. *The show was sponsored by different clients on alternate weeks.2) (or two things) happening by turns 這是晴雨交替的一周。(=This is a week of alternate rain and s

33、unshine.)*She wears a shirt with alternate stripes of blue and white.2. v. (cause to ) follow by turns*We alternated periods of work and rest.湯姆時(shí)而發(fā)怒，時(shí)而害怕。(=Tom alternated between anger and fright.)Collocation:alternate between 時(shí)而時(shí)而 *They alternate between supporting us and opposing us.alternate in 輪

34、流 *We alternate in doing the household chores.alternate with （使）與交替 *Sunny weather alternates with rain.12. (L. 32) relax: v. 1) make or become less tense, worried or nervous *Sit down and relax! 音樂(lè)可以幫助你放松一下。 (=The music will help to relax you.)2) make or become less stiff or tight(=His muscles rela

35、xed.)3) make (effort or control) less severe *You must not relax your control for a moment.13. (L. 37) vain: adj. 1) too pleased with ones own abilities or looks *Shes vain of her beauty. 他極其自負(fù)。 (=Hes as vain as a peacock.)2) without result; useless*After a number of vain attempts to climb the mount

36、ain, we were forced to return to camp. *It is vain to resist.NB: vain的常用詞組是in vain，意為“徒勞地，白白地”CF: vain, empty, hollow & bare這幾個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“空的”、“空著的”之意。vain 意思是“空洞的”、“空洞的”。empty 主要表示某空間沒(méi)有人或物，無(wú)任何內(nèi)容。hollow 表示物體內(nèi)部是空的，如數(shù)、氣球等。bare 主要指某物的表面上是空的，無(wú)裝飾的。(Directions:) Fill in the blank with the above words and ch

37、ange the form where necessary.1. The cinema was half _. 2. Weve made a _ attempt to make him change his mind.3. Dont sleep on _ boards.4. The poor girl went on for another ten miles on an _ stomach.5. The walls look solid, but in fact theyre _14. (L. 44) emotion: n. 1) any of the strong of feelings

38、of the human spirit*Love, hatred, fear and grief are emotions *Jack is a man of great emotion, easily given to tears.2) strength of feeling; excited state of the feelings *He described the accident in a voice shaking with emotion. *He thought of his dead child with deep emotion.CF: emotion, feeling

39、and sensitivity這些詞都是名詞，都有“感情”之意。emotion 表示人的精神、身體全部反映的一種狀態(tài)，表現(xiàn)為人的任何強(qiáng)烈的感情。例如：*The speaker appealed to our emotions rather than to our minds. 演講者激發(fā)了我們的情感而不是啟發(fā)我們的思考。feeling 是常用詞，意思是“感覺(jué)”、“感觸”、“心情”，部分體現(xiàn)為精神，部分體現(xiàn)為身體，但并不是具有情感反應(yīng)特征的基本的感覺(jué)、反射或心境。除非有上下文的提示，一般不表明反應(yīng)的性質(zhì)、程度。例如： *Her feeling was that right would win.

40、她感覺(jué)公理會(huì)取得勝利。 *He had lost all of feeling in the left leg. 他的左腿完全失去了知覺(jué)。sensitivity 意思是“感受性”、“敏感性”。例如：*The dentist gave me an injection which reduced the sensitivity of the nerve. 牙醫(yī)給我注射一針以減輕神經(jīng)的敏感性。（插入圖片dentist）15. (L. 48) be ashamed of: feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of (sth.) *You should be

41、 ashamed of your behavior! 他由于問(wèn)了這樣簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題而感到難為情。 (=He was ashamed of asking such a simple question.)16. (L. 53) startle: vt. Give a sudden shock or surprise to*You startled me! I didnt hear you come in.*She was startled to see him looking so ill.CF: startle, frighten & terrify這組動(dòng)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“恐嚇”的意思。startl

42、e指短時(shí)間內(nèi)叫人震驚的恐懼，可能造成突然的不由自主的身體不能動(dòng)彈。例如：*The clap of thunder startled us. 雷鳴般的掌聲驚呆了我。frighten是最普通的詞，沒(méi)有特殊的意義，僅表示“嚇?！被颉笆购ε隆?。例如： *Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. 理查夫人不想嚇唬這可憐的人，所以她很快地藏到樓梯下的小貯藏室里。terrify 含義是“使恐怖”，受到這種驚怕的人是不能自制的*Bruce en

43、gaged low gear and drove at a terrifying speed. 布魯斯接通了低速擋，開(kāi)車(chē)速度快得令人害怕。17. (L. 56) intensity: n. state of being intense*The mayor didnt realize the intensity of peoples feelings on the housing issue.*The poem shows great intensity of feeling.18. (L. 56) anxiety: n. 1) feeling of worry of fear *They fe

44、lt strong anxiety for her safety. *After hearing their advice he had no more anxieties.2) strong wish to do something; eagerness*The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge. *He always shows his anxiety to please his employers.Collocation:anxiety about 對(duì)的焦慮anxiety for 為的擔(dān)憂CF: anxiety, worr

45、y & concern這些詞都是名詞，都有“擔(dān)憂”、“擔(dān)心”之意。anxiety 主要指對(duì)不幸或失敗的痛苦的恐懼和不確定。例如：*At the most, he will experience feelings of anxiety, shame, insecurity, and helplessness? 他至多能體驗(yàn)到憂慮、恥辱、不安和無(wú)助感。worry指擾亂人精神安寧的持續(xù)不斷的疑慮或害怕。例如：*I think rich people have about as many worries as poor ones. 我認(rèn)為富人和窮人的煩惱一樣多。concern強(qiáng)調(diào)介入了思想不安的因素；

46、它將嚴(yán)肅的思想和情緒結(jié)合起來(lái)。例如：*Concern for man himself and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors? 對(duì)人類(lèi)自身及其命運(yùn)的關(guān)注，必將成為所有技術(shù)事業(yè)的主要關(guān)注內(nèi)容。19. (L. 57) tension: n.1) worry or nervousness *I am suffering from nervous tension. 你能適應(yīng)大城市的緊張生活嗎？ (=Can you adapt yourself to the tensions of life

47、in a big city?)2) degree of tightness of a wire, rope, etc. *If you increase the tension of that violin string it will break.20. (L. 63) tense: adj. 1) feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous *The two countries began to discuss their tense relations. (=There is a tense moment be

48、fore we heard the news.)2) stretched tight; stiff *With his body so tense, it seemed as though he were listening for something. *Is the rope tense?21. (L. 65) along with: together with*He went on the journey along with his two friends.她把鈔票連同找回的零錢(qián)和發(fā)票一起重又放進(jìn)抽屜。(=She placed the bank notes, along with th

49、e change and receipts, back in the drawer.)Collocation:all along 始終, 一直come along進(jìn)展; 跟著來(lái)get along 進(jìn)展; 與和睦相處go along 進(jìn)展; 前進(jìn); 同行22. (L. 66) stretch out: spread out; straighten to full length*He stretched himself out in front of the fire.*The sea stretched out as far as I could see.23. (L. 80) bring (s

50、b.) back to earth: cause (sb.) to stop daydreaming; cause (sb.) to return to reality*Emilys voice brought him back to earth.*You had better bring yourself back to earth for an hour and cook us some dinner.Collocation:come back/down to earth （從幻想中）回到現(xiàn)實(shí)on earth 人世間；究竟24. (L. 81) in ones minds eye: in

51、ones imagination*In my minds eye I saw the cliffs rising sheer.她在想象中醞釀自己的下一步作品。(=She was writing her next piece in her minds eye.)25. (L. 87) congratulate: vt. Speak to (a person) with praise and admiration for a happy event or something successfully done*We congratulate her on having passed the exa

52、ms. (=Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.)26. (L. 91) media: n. means of mass communication, e.g. TV, radio, newspaper*The media controls/control the news.*Much of what children learn comes directly from the mass media.After Reading . Useful Expressions 1. 田徑比賽 track and field com

53、petition2. 俯瞰 a birds eye view3. 深呼吸 take a deep breath4. 像雄鷹一樣翱翔 soar like an eagle5. 如出一轍; 不謀而合 coincide with6. 每隔一天 every other day/on alternate days7. 農(nóng)場(chǎng)雜活 farm chores8. 有一次 on one occasion9. 站著 on ones feet10. 沒(méi)有意識(shí)到 unaware of11. 仰面躺著 lie on ones back12. 對(duì)慚愧 be ashamed of13. 感到 fill ones mind w

54、ith14. 擺脫緊張情緒 shake the tension15. 在內(nèi)心的最深處 from the deepest depths of ones soul16. 在這種時(shí)候 at a time like this17. 舒展；伸展 stretch out18. 緩緩移動(dòng) in slow motion19. 使回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中 bring sb. back to earth20. 想象 see in ones minds eye. Talk about the Pictures(略). Discussion1. Work in pairs and find out those details about Michael Stone that shows him to be his mothers boy or his fathers son. 2. Discussion in groups: Dreaming and hard work, which is more important to a persons success?