MPA自學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯課件

1、考研英語(yǔ)（二）之英譯漢考研英語(yǔ)（二）之英譯漢一、考試大綱要求一、考試大綱要求第三部分：英譯漢第三部分：英譯漢 考查考生理解所給英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言材料并將其譯成漢語(yǔ)的能力。要求譯文準(zhǔn)確、完整、通順。 要求考生閱讀、理解長(zhǎng)度為150詞左右的一個(gè)或及格英語(yǔ)段落，并將其全部譯成漢語(yǔ)?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答。共15分。二、翻譯步驟二、翻譯步驟閱讀理解階段表達(dá)階段校譯階段三、常用翻譯技巧三、常用翻譯技巧1詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法1）名詞、介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞：）名詞、介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞：The sight of the big tree always brings my childhood back to my mind.一看到那

2、棵大樹(shù)，我就會(huì)想到童年的情景。一看到那棵大樹(shù)，我就會(huì)想到童年的情景。 He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。他能吃能睡。 I left town for a business trip.我很高興地離城去出差了。我很高興地離城去出差了。The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very quick recovery.醫(yī)生迅速到達(dá)，并非常仔細(xì)地檢查了病人，因此病人很快就康復(fù)了。醫(yī)生迅

3、速到達(dá)，并非常仔細(xì)地檢查了病人，因此病人很快就康復(fù)了。長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven and a half times around the earth per second.只要點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)，來(lái)自世界另一端的信息便會(huì)以每秒繞地球七周半的驚人速度傳輸?shù)侥愕碾娔X屏幕上。 2）動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞：）動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞：The

4、camel is characterized by an ability to go for days without water.駱駝的特點(diǎn)是能夠幾天不喝水。駱駝的特點(diǎn)是能夠幾天不喝水。 The university aims at the first rate of the world.學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是成為世界一流。學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是成為世界一流。 The rich have traditionally passed their wealth on to their children.傳統(tǒng)上來(lái)說(shuō)，富人們都把財(cái)富傳給了自己的孩子傳統(tǒng)上來(lái)說(shuō)，富人們都把財(cái)富傳給了自己的孩子 長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：The n

5、et and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free professions, and this will affect social structure in a big way.網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電子商務(wù)將會(huì)造就一大批自由職業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電子商務(wù)將會(huì)造就一大批自由職業(yè)者，從而將對(duì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。者，從而將對(duì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。3) 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞：David was pleased with the warmth of the welcome. 大衛(wèi)對(duì)熱烈的歡迎感到很高興。 The conference was quite

6、a success. 這次會(huì)議很成功。 Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.絕大部分青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和操作電腦方面并不覺(jué)得困難。長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.該儀器性能穩(wěn)定，操作可靠，維護(hù)方便，因而受到用戶的歡迎。2. 增詞法增詞法2.

7、增詞法增詞法Theory is something, but practice is everything.理論固然重要，但實(shí)踐尤其重要。 He was a patriotic, adventurous writer.他是一個(gè)具有愛(ài)國(guó)熱情和探險(xiǎn)精神的作家。 長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：The cities utilize these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.這座城市使用這些基金來(lái)改善教育、治安消防、公共設(shè)施和市政建筑。3. 省略法省略法3. 省略法省略法We li

8、ve and learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他將雙手放進(jìn)衣袋，然后聳了聳肩。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？4. 正反譯法正反譯法4正反譯法正反譯法We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.我們不應(yīng)該再把海洋當(dāng)成人類生活污水和工業(yè)污水的垃圾場(chǎng)了。 The first bombs

9、missed the target.第一批炸彈沒(méi)有擊中目標(biāo) Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year.到年底再下結(jié)論吧。The work has yet to be done. 工作還沒(méi)做呢。It has been nine or ten years since I met him.我有九到十年沒(méi)見(jiàn)著他了。Nothing is impossible.一切皆有可能。5. 前置法前置法5前置法前置法英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)等，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，將其前置更符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例：The man standing under the tre

10、e is a thief.站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)男人是個(gè)小偷。 The student who answered the question was John.回答問(wèn)題的學(xué)生是John。 The slogan was the idea of James Carville, Clintons chief strategist.這條標(biāo)語(yǔ)是克林頓的首席戰(zhàn)略家詹姆斯.卡維也納爾的主意 Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique.科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，白日夢(mèng)幻是一種有效的松弛辦法。 長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：The world Ban

11、k is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from the industrial West to developing nations of the world.世界銀行是發(fā)展援助資金從西方工業(yè)國(guó)流向發(fā)展中國(guó)家的主要渠道之一。 6. 斷開(kāi)法He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.他堅(jiān)持要買一棟房子，盡管他并無(wú)此需要。 Men become desperate for work, any work, which wi

12、ll help them to keep alive their families. 男人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。 長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish to obtain capital.我們可以說(shuō)，目前銀行的基本功能是充當(dāng)存款人和借款人之間的中介

13、，存款人想存款以獲得利息，而借款人想獲得資金。 7. 被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)態(tài)，翻譯時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)態(tài)更符合中文表達(dá)，如：English is spoken all over the world.全世界都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.有一種方言是在座的每一位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家都懂得的 It must be admitted that only when we get a taste of its abuse will we feel the full meaning of cloning.必須承認(rèn)，只有當(dāng)我們嘗到克隆被

14、濫用的惡果之后，我們才會(huì)徹底明白其意義。 Our plans have been completely wrecked by bad weather.惡劣的天氣使我們的計(jì)劃完全落空。 長(zhǎng)句練習(xí)：New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.我們必

15、須花時(shí)間去開(kāi)發(fā)新的能源，但這并不意味著去再生那些我們過(guò)去所擁有的廉價(jià)而大量的能源。 8. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移是指，英語(yǔ)中有的否定句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移是指，英語(yǔ)中有的否定句中的not在形式上是在形式上是否定謂語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，否定謂語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)， 但實(shí)際上是否定句子的其他但實(shí)際上是否定句子的其他成分。成分。The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished.引擎并不是因?yàn)槿剂虾谋M而停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。 People are not poor because they have large families. Quite the contrary, they h

16、ave large families because they are poor.人們并不是因?yàn)楹⒆佣喽毟F，恰恰相反，是因?yàn)樗麄冐毟F才多要孩子。 英譯漢重難點(diǎn)練習(xí)英譯漢重難點(diǎn)練習(xí)1. 部分英語(yǔ)從句部分英語(yǔ)從句1) 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Mr. Brown, who had just came from abroad, was made the dean of the department.剛從國(guó)外回來(lái)的布朗先生被任命為系主任。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors

17、that will disable them when they offend. 屆時(shí)，將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車，一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)(違規(guī))，監(jiān)控器就會(huì)使其停駛。I know the reason why he quit the job so quickly. 我知道他為什么這么快辭職。There are those who think the tests are simply unnecessary.有些人認(rèn)為這些試驗(yàn)根本沒(méi)有必要。In fact, I have known several friends who got married without

18、 even telling their parents or other family members. 實(shí)際上，我就認(rèn)識(shí)幾位朋友結(jié)了婚也沒(méi)有告訴父母和其他家人。 A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天新老師就會(huì)過(guò)來(lái)，他將教大家德語(yǔ)。2) 名詞性從句名詞性從句It doesnt make much difference whether you attend the meeting or not.你參不參加會(huì)議沒(méi)多大關(guān)系。 It is up to you whether you will withdraw your

19、 money from the bank.要不要把錢從銀行提出來(lái)由你決定。 It is rumored (謠傳) that the meeting will be held in June.據(jù)傳，會(huì)議將在六月舉行。 It was not a question now how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough money to pay the bill.現(xiàn)在問(wèn)題不是我本該剩多少錢過(guò)這個(gè)月剩下的日子的生活，而是我是否有足夠的錢支付賬單。lI made it c

20、lear to them that they must finish the task before 10 oclock in the morning. l我向他們講清楚了的，一定要在上午10的之前完成任務(wù)。lI regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.l被選來(lái)參加會(huì)議我感到很榮幸。lThat was how a small nation won the victory over a big power. l就這樣，一個(gè)小國(guó)戰(zhàn)勝了一個(gè)大國(guó)。lHe expressed the hope that he would

21、come over to visit China again.l他表示希望再次來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)lHe was beaten badly by others.l他遭遭了一頓痛打。/他被被人痛打了一頓。lThey were given a hearty welcome.l他們受受到了熱烈歡迎。lTheir foreign policy is condemned (譴責(zé)) by the people in almost all countries.l他們的外交政策遭到遭到了幾乎所有國(guó)家人民的譴責(zé)。lMost letters from his wife are read to him

22、 by the nurse in the hospital. l他妻子給他的信大多是由醫(yī)院里的護(hù)士讀給他聽(tīng)的。lEffective measures must be immediately taken to eliminate sandy storms. 必須立即采取有效措施消除沙塵暴。lA burglar (竊賊) was seen breaking into the house.l有人看見(jiàn)一個(gè)賊闖進(jìn)了那棟房子。lMr. Billings cannot be stopped from carrying out his plan.l沒(méi)人能阻止比靈斯先生實(shí)施他的計(jì)劃。lThe village i

23、s populated by about 1,300 households.l這個(gè)村子住著1300戶人家。3. 插入語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)lFolk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. l既古老又現(xiàn)代的民歌音樂(lè)，在大學(xué)生中頗為流行。lThe difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.l比如，這二者的區(qū)別與體力勞動(dòng)、腦力勞動(dòng)之間的區(qū)別并不是一致的。 4. 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)lHer s

24、on, my employers nephew, was himself an assistant in the shop.l她兒子，也就是我老板的侄子，本身也是一名店員。lBut in three hours we reached our destination, Vladimir Prison. l但三小時(shí)后我們到達(dá)了我們的目的地-弗拉基米爾監(jiān)獄。lTo win the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes, an electoral majority.l要贏得總統(tǒng)席位，候選人必須至少獲得二百七十票，即選票的大多數(shù)。

25、lThe main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.l她家主要靠她掙錢維持生計(jì)，她曾在斯里蘭卡一家茶廠掙一份微薄的工資。四、短文練習(xí)四、短文練習(xí)Passage 3詞匯提示：詞匯提示： generation gap 代溝 teenager 青少年 rarely 很少地，罕見(jiàn)地 turn to sb. for help/ advice 向?qū)で髱椭?意見(jiàn) up to the job 起作用；幫忙 emotion 情感；情緒 survey n./v

26、. 調(diào)查 focus on 關(guān)注 drug 毒品；藥 reveal 揭示，透露 trouble v. 使麻煩 please v. 使高興；請(qǐng) conclusion 結(jié)論；總結(jié) pass on to 傳遞給，遞交給 government 政府 department 部門 take part 參加1. The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything. 在香港，代溝的問(wèn)題很嚴(yán)重，十幾歲

27、的孩子很少向父母或老師征詢意見(jiàn)。2. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job. 不管是性、艾滋病、學(xué)校中遇到的麻煩，還是家庭問(wèn)題，他們都認(rèn)為大人們是幫不上任何忙的。3. Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?” 迄今為止，沒(méi)人問(wèn)過(guò)香港的年輕人：“你在想什么？”4. Some understanding of the emotions of Hong

28、 Kongs youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Dayat the University of Hong Kong. 然而，香港大學(xué)的杰弗里戴博士所做的研究使我們對(duì)香港年輕人的情感有了一些了解。 5. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take-but tries to answer the question why. 他對(duì)年輕人的調(diào)查，重點(diǎn)不是問(wèn)他們服用多少種毒品之類的問(wèn)題，而是試圖找到其中緣由。

29、6. Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troublesas well as pleasestodays high-school students. 戴博士計(jì)劃在下周全面解釋研究的結(jié)果。他希望研究能揭示當(dāng)今高中學(xué)生的喜和憂。7. Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part. 研究結(jié)論不僅將

30、送呈政府部門，也將通報(bào)參加這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的學(xué)校。篇章練習(xí)篇章練習(xí) Passage 2詞匯提示： injure 傷害 accident 意外；事故 Vietnam 越南 motor-vehicle 機(jī)動(dòng)車輛 cause n. 原因；v. 引起，造成 fall v. 落下；跌倒 n.墜落，跌倒，下降；秋天；瀑布 poison n./v.毒藥；中毒 worldwide 全世界的 on a basis 在基礎(chǔ) involve v. 包含；牽涉 primary 主要的；初級(jí)的；基本的 follow v. 跟隨，接著 effort n. 努力 lessen v. 減少 eliminate v. 消除 hazar

31、dous 危險(xiǎn)的 measure 措施 concern 關(guān)心，擔(dān)心；涉及 takeseriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待 come to realize 開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到 expert 專家 predict 預(yù)測(cè) take steps to 采取措施做 prevent 防止，預(yù)防，阻止 simply 僅僅；簡(jiǎn)單地 happen 碰巧；發(fā)生 ignorance 無(wú)知，愚昧 neglect 疏忽，忽視 lack of 缺乏lEach year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidentsat home, at work or school, at play, or while traveling -than were killed or injured in the Vietnam war.l 在美國(guó)，每年在家庭、工作、學(xué)校、玩樂(lè)或旅行中發(fā)生的意外事故中受傷或死亡的人數(shù)比越戰(zhàn)中的傷亡人數(shù)都多。 2. In the early 1990s, about half of these accide