跨文化交際Chapter 6

1、I.Introductions and greetings 介紹及問(wèn)候 Making Introductions 見面介紹見面介紹 First names are used in the United States and Great BritainTitles are used when introducing people in Germany and Italya man is always introduced to a woman a young person is always introduced to an older person a less important perso

2、n is always introduced to a more important person whether male or female I.Introductions and greetings 介紹及問(wèn)候 Making Greetings 招呼問(wèn)候招呼問(wèn)候 There are informal greetings and formal greetingsInformal verbal greetings are usually used between close friends Formal verbal greetings are usually used in busines

3、s situations nonverbal greetings include shaking hands, kissing and bowing Kissing is a very personal way of saying hello, dont kiss someone you dont know well I.Introductions and greetings 介紹及問(wèn)候 Exchanging Business Cards 交換名片交換名片Always have your business cards printed on high-quality business card

4、stock, and have them professionally designed. Business cards are an internationally accepted method of providing the pertinent personal and contact details to your business partners. If possible, hand out your business cards either at the beginning or the end of the meeting. Every time you receive s

5、omeones business card, make it a point to study the card and comment on it. If youre traveling to a foreign country where English isnt the primary language of business, try to get the reverse of your business card printed in the local language. Dont attempt to thrust your business card upon someone

6、with whom you are hardly acquainted. I.Introductions and greetings 介紹及問(wèn)候 Exchanging Business Cards 交換名片交換名片Its often helpful to add a tag line or mention the USP of your business on your business cards, but refrain from making it into a mini-billboard. Key Termscurry favor 拍馬屁拍馬屁 用于諷刺不顧客觀實(shí)際，專門諂媚奉承、討

7、好別人的行為。business card 名片名片 名片，中國(guó)古代稱名刺，是標(biāo)示姓名及其所屬組織、公司單位和聯(lián)系方法的紙片。名片是新朋友互相認(rèn)識(shí)、自我介紹的最快有效的方法。交換名片是商業(yè)交往的第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)官式動(dòng)作。USP 獨(dú)特銷售主張獨(dú)特銷售主張 獨(dú)特銷售主張，是一個(gè)很有名的銷售理念，就是說(shuō)用你獨(dú)一無(wú)二的優(yōu)點(diǎn)去吸引消費(fèi)者，讓他購(gòu)買你的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這個(gè)主張是廣告界人士提出來(lái)的創(chuàng)作廣告的方式。 瑞夫斯(Rosser Reeves 1910-1984)提出了“Unique Selling Proposition ”,簡(jiǎn)稱USP,中文之意為“獨(dú)特銷售說(shuō)辭”(也有人翻譯為“獨(dú)特銷售主張”)。Glossar

8、yindicate v. 顯示，象征，表明 abide vt. 遵守，忍受 recoil v. 退卻，畏縮，彈回，報(bào)應(yīng) subordinaten. 屬下 accompany vt. 陪伴，伴隨，給 . 伴奏 vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的，生死攸關(guān)的 crucial adj. 關(guān)鍵的，決定性的 pertinent adj. 相關(guān)的，中肯的，切題的 acquaint vt. 使 . 熟知 refrain v. 節(jié)制，避免，克制 hierarchy n. 等級(jí)制度，統(tǒng)治集團(tuán) heed v. 注意，留心 1. How do you say “Hello” in French, German, an

9、d Spanish?2. Identify some rules for exchanging business card.3. What do people have to be careful about in introducing Americans and Chinese to each other?II. Social Entertainment 社交娛樂活動(dòng)Dining Practices 餐桌禮儀 tips for hosting a business lunch or dinner When making the initial invitation, be sure eac

10、h guest is aware of the purpose of the gathering.If utilizing a set menu, be sure to include a vegetarian dish as an option. Arrive early! Wait by the door so you are able to greet guests as they arrive and escort them to the table.As your guests arrive, introduce them to one another and show them w

11、here you would like them to sit. When all the guests are present, it is the duty of the host to “call the meal to order.” Immediately upon sitting down, place your napkin on your lap. II. Social Entertainment 社交娛樂活動(dòng)Dining Practices 餐桌禮儀 tips for hosting a business lunch or dinner The host sets the t

12、one for the meal. All good guests at a business or social meal will wait for the host to begin before starting their own meals. Dont keep them waiting. Take care of the check discreetly. Keep your napkin on your lap until it is time to leave the table. Thank each guest for attending.Once all of the

13、guests have left, thank the wait staff that assisted you. II. Social Entertainment 社交娛樂活動(dòng)Seating arrangement 座位安排 Dinner TableNext Most IMP. Female Guest Most IMP. Female GuestHostNext Most IMP. Male Guest Most IMP. Male GuestHostessThe French Method of Seat ArrangementThe British Method of Seat Arr

14、angementDinner TableM o s t I M P . Female GuestNext Most IMP. Female GuestNext Most IMP. Male GuestMost IMP. Male GuestHostHostessII. Social Entertainment 社交娛樂活動(dòng)Seating arrangement 座位安排 The Chinese Method of Seat Arrangement Next Least IMP. GuestMost IMP. GuestHostHostessDinner TableLeast IMP. Gues

15、tNext Most IMP. GuestII. Social Entertainment 社交娛樂活動(dòng)Cocktail Party 雞尾酒會(huì) When introducing others, make a connection during the introduction so that conversation is easy between the new acquaintances. It is easiest to approach a group of people if you know someone who is in the group. So that you do n

16、ot offer people a wet handshake, hold your drink in your left hand.There are several topics that work for small talk: how you know the host, something someone is wearing that is unique, the delicious food, an upcoming event what you do for a living, what they do for a living, and more. II. Social En

17、tertainment 社交娛樂活動(dòng)Tipping 小費(fèi)的給予 In a tipping culture, a tip of 15% of the bill is considered to be a generous tip in numerous situations like fine restaurants, but 20% is now closer to the norm when the service is excellent. Tipping service personnel at a resort or luxury hotel may add an additional

18、 25% to your bill. In a non-tipping culture, tipping can offend or insult the people of that culture. Key Termsdining etiquette 餐桌禮儀 餐桌禮儀是指人類社會(huì)在進(jìn)餐時(shí)的各種公認(rèn)禮貌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，相反有些舉止行為，在進(jìn)餐時(shí)被認(rèn)為是無(wú)禮，或影響別人食欲的。各國(guó)人們由于文化各異，所以餐桌禮儀在各國(guó)都有很大的不同。maitre d 餐廳侍者總管cocktail party 雞尾酒會(huì) 雞尾酒會(huì)是西方國(guó)家比較傳統(tǒng)的一個(gè)社交節(jié)目。被邀請(qǐng)參加雞尾酒會(huì)的客人一般都要正正經(jīng)經(jīng)修飾一番。例如男士要

19、穿西服或小夜禮服，女士要化妝要穿正裝等等。雞尾酒會(huì)上要小聲說(shuō)話、小口啜飲，小量進(jìn)食，某些人士有時(shí)因饑餓難忍露出饞相，就會(huì)被認(rèn)為有失禮儀。Key Termswet handshake 在跟英美人第一次見面相互握手的時(shí)候，一定要有點(diǎn)力度，如果握起手來(lái)有氣無(wú)力，或者只伸出手指尖來(lái)給人握，就會(huì)給對(duì)方冷冰冰的感覺，英文中管這種握手叫做wet handshake。Glossarypoise vt. 使 . 平衡，為 . 做準(zhǔn)備 scenario n. 情節(jié)梗概，劇本 exponentially adv. 成倍地，冪地，指數(shù)地 furious adj. 狂怒的，猛烈的 quadruple v. (使)成四倍

20、 gracious adj. 親切的，高尚的 escort vt. 護(hù)衛(wèi)，護(hù)送，伴游 discreetly adv. 謹(jǐn)慎地，小心地 content adj. 滿足的，滿意的 oblong n. 長(zhǎng)方形(橢圓形) protocol n.禮儀;草案 Glossaryalternate vi. 交替;輪流 vt. 使交替;使輪流 honoree n. 主賓；領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)人 humbly adv. 恭順地,謙卑地 equidistant adj. 距離相等的；等距的 gruesome adj. 可怕的，令人毛骨悚然的 subscribe vt. 簽名，簽署，支持 resort vi. 訴諸，常去 bellh

21、op n. 旅館服務(wù)員 summon vt. 召喚，召集，振奮 offend vt. 犯罪，冒犯 virtually adv. 幾乎，實(shí)際上 Comprehension Questions1. What do people have to keep in mind while hosting a business dinner?2. How do cultural differences in tipping?III. Gift Giving and Receiving 禮物的饋贈(zèng)與接收Gift Giving 禮物的饋贈(zèng)禮物的饋贈(zèng)Be sure of the true purpose of t

22、he gift. Do your homework about the receiver. Be sensitive to personal and cultural differences. Know when corporate logos are appropriate.Use simple and elegant wrapping. Present your gift with style. III. Gift Giving and Receiving 禮物的饋贈(zèng)與接收Gift Receiving 禮物的接受禮物的接受Show your appreciation when receiv

23、ing a gift in person. Let the giver know as soon as possible when a gift has arrived. Be sensitive to opening a gift in front of others. Know the bottom line. Key Termscompany logo 公司標(biāo)志公司標(biāo)志 公司標(biāo)志是公司視覺識(shí)別系統(tǒng)中的核心部分，是一種系統(tǒng)化的形象歸納和形象的符號(hào)化提煉，經(jīng)過(guò)抽象和具象結(jié)合與統(tǒng)一，最后創(chuàng)造出高度簡(jiǎn)潔的圖形符號(hào)，既要能展示公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念，又要能在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中方便適用，保持一致，如果用人的形象來(lái)比

24、喻，那公司標(biāo)志相當(dāng)于一個(gè)人的五官。thank-you note 感謝信感謝信 感謝信是一種禮儀文書，用于商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的許多非協(xié)議的合同中，一方受惠于另一方，應(yīng)及時(shí)地表達(dá)謝忱，使對(duì)方在付出勞動(dòng)后得到心理上的收益，它是一種不可少的公關(guān)手段。感謝信是集體單位或個(gè)人對(duì)關(guān)心、幫助、支持本單位或個(gè)人表示衷心感謝的函件。Glossaryremembrance n. 回想，記憶，紀(jì)念品 platter n. 大淺盤，一盤食物 ritual n. 儀式，典禮，宗教儀式 utmost adj. 極度的，最遠(yuǎn)的 stationary n. 文具 sincerity n. 誠(chéng)實(shí)，真實(shí)，誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意 flair n. 天賦，

25、才華，鑒別力 Comprehension Questions1. What should people be careful about in giving and receiving gift ?2.How do gift-giving practices vary from culture to culture?IV. Dressing Rules 著裝禮節(jié) Dressing rules 著裝禮節(jié)著裝禮節(jié)Not following the 11-inch rule when wearing a skirt. Believing that permanent press clothes do

26、 not have to be ironed. Not investing in the same quality of business casual garments as when buying business professional attire. Assuming that mules are business casual shoes. Not wearing clothes that can take you into any meeting on a moments notice. Dressing for the job you have rather than the

27、one you want. Not wearing the same quality accessories on business casual days that you do when dressed professionally. Wearing flowery prints and gingham checks. Key Termspermanent press clothes 免燙的衣服 洗完之后，馬上掛起晾曬，衣服還會(huì)比較平整，可以不用熨燙。mule shoes 前密后開的拖鞋（皮拖）Glossarycredibility n. 可信，確實(shí)性，可靠 hamper vt. 阻止，妨

28、礙 crisp adj. 脆的，易碎的，卷曲的，爽快的，明快的，(天氣)干冷的n. 薯片，松脆物 imperative adj. 命令式的，急需的，祈使的 restriction n. 限制，約束 tune vt. 調(diào)音(頻), 調(diào)節(jié)，使和諧vi. 和諧，調(diào)頻 gingham n. 方格花布，條格平布 apron n. 圍裙 Comprehension Questions1. What are the guidelines when trying to dress for success?V. Social Customs 社會(huì)習(xí)俗 Punctuality 守時(shí)守時(shí) Invitations 邀

29、請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)Invitation Timing 邀請(qǐng)的時(shí)間 1.Six to eight months before an important seminar to which out-of-town executives are invited. 2. Four to six months before an important dinner to which out-of-town guests are invited. 3. Three to five weeks before a luncheon. V. Social Customs 社會(huì)習(xí)俗 4. Four weeks before an

30、 evening reception. 5. Two to four weeks before a breakfast for a large group. 6. Two to four weeks before a cocktail party. 7. Two to three weeks before a tea party. V. Social Customs 社會(huì)習(xí)俗 Invitation Format 邀請(qǐng)信的內(nèi)容安排邀請(qǐng)信的內(nèi)容安排 1. Company logo or symbol (at the top or bottom of the invitation) 2. Names

31、 of the host 3. Nature of the party: state whether the event is for breakfast, luncheon, or dinner, a cocktail party or some other occasion. 4. Purpose of the party: such as to introduce someone or a new product, to honor a retiree, or to celebrate an occasion or another festive event.V. Social Cust

32、oms 社會(huì)習(xí)俗 5. Date and time 6. Place 7. Where to RSVP: the RSVP address or phone number is in the bottom left-hand corner of the invitation. 8. Special instructions: across from the RSVP address are any special instructions such as attire, parking instructions, where the event will be held in case of

33、rain, and so on.V. Social Customs 社會(huì)習(xí)俗 Responding to an Invitation 對(duì)邀請(qǐng)做出回復(fù)對(duì)邀請(qǐng)做出回復(fù) 1. Either use the address or phone number printed in the lower left corner of the invitation or return the RSVP card sent with the invitation. 2. If a Please reply by a given date is included in the invitation, be cons

34、iderate enough to reply by that date. 3. If the words Regrets only are printed in the lower left corner of the invitation, you need only notify the host if you will not be able to attend. If your host does not hear from you, you are expected to attend. Key TermsRSVP敬請(qǐng)回復(fù) R.S.V.P. 是法語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)“rpondez,sil vo

35、us plat”的縮寫，意思是“敬請(qǐng)回復(fù)?！卑l(fā)出請(qǐng)柬的人希望您告訴他是否接受這份邀請(qǐng)。也就是說(shuō)，您是否會(huì)參加活動(dòng)？按照大部分西方國(guó)家的禮儀，如果您收到一份正式的書面邀請(qǐng)，應(yīng)該立即回復(fù)，而且最好是在收到請(qǐng)柬當(dāng)天回復(fù)。這對(duì)正打算舉辦晚餐會(huì)、婚禮或歡迎宴會(huì)的主人來(lái)說(shuō)有著重要的實(shí)際意義，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰烙卸嗌偃藭?huì)參加，以及需要準(zhǔn)備多少食物和飲料。更重要的是，回復(fù)別人善意的邀請(qǐng)本身就是一種禮節(jié)，即使您在回復(fù)中說(shuō)自己不能參加活動(dòng)，并對(duì)此感到遺憾。Glossaryluncheon n. 午宴，正式的午餐 residence n. 住處，住宅，居住 exclusively adv. 排他地(獨(dú)占地，專門地，僅

36、僅，只) format n. 設(shè)計(jì)，版式 festive adj. 歡樂的，節(jié)日的，喜慶的 attire n. 服裝，盛裝 uphold v. 支撐，贊成，鼓勵(lì) How to make an invitation and respond to an invitation?. Humor, Superstitions and Taboos 幽默、迷信及禁忌 Humor In Business 商務(wù)中的幽默Superstitions 迷信 Taboos 禁忌 Key Termssuperstition 迷信迷信 迷信就是迷惘地信服，盲目地相信。“迷信”的含義更多的傾向于“盲目的相信、不理解的相信”

37、因此，理論上，人類對(duì)任何事物都可能存在著“迷信”的觀念。taboo 禁忌禁忌 人們對(duì)神圣的、不潔的、危險(xiǎn)的事物所持態(tài)度而形成的某種禁制。危險(xiǎn)和具有懲罰作用是禁忌的兩個(gè)主要特征。Glossarycomediann. 喜劇演員commentatorn. 評(píng)論員，解說(shuō)員，注釋者phobian. 恐怖病，恐怖癥celebrityn. 名人，名譽(yù)，社會(huì)名流memoirn. 傳記，實(shí)錄 memoirs (復(fù)數(shù)）cactusn. 仙人掌werewolfn. 狼人，兇人nunn. 尼姑，修女connotationn. 隱含意義，某事的重要性1. Do you know any superstition in

38、other cultures?2. Do you know any taboo in Chinese culture? Or any taboo in other cultures?3. Do you think it is acceptable to use humorduring business meeting? Why?VII. Business Scheduling 商務(wù)行程安排Office Hours 辦公時(shí)間 Office hours vary in different countries. Customarily hours of work in most countries

39、are 9 a.m. to 5 a.m.Lunch and Break Times 午餐和休息時(shí)間The lunch period is also different. In U.S. firms it may vary from 30 minutes to an hour, and break times are usually one 15-minute period in the morning with a second 15-minute period in the afternoon. Europeans have a 1 to 1.5-hour lunch break, 20 m

40、inute morning and afternoon breaks, and 15 minutes at the end of the workday for cleanup time.Key Termsbusiness activities 商業(yè)活動(dòng) 是指企業(yè)的購(gòu)買、銷售和交換等工作，是商業(yè)主體和客體雙方共同參與的活動(dòng)。主體和客體雙方圍繞著商品互相詢問(wèn)、互相試探、互相了解、互相協(xié)商等等都要運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。Peru 秘魯 秘魯，全稱秘魯共和國(guó)，是南美洲西部的一個(gè)國(guó)家，北鄰厄瓜多爾和哥倫比亞，東與巴西和玻利維亞接壤，南接智利，西瀕太平洋。為南美洲國(guó)家聯(lián)盟的成員國(guó)。秘魯孕育了其中一個(gè)最早的文明小北地區(qū)

41、史前文明，以及前哥倫布時(shí)期美洲的最大國(guó)家印加帝國(guó)。Glossaryvariableadj. 可變的，易變的customarilyadv. 照例，通常，習(xí)慣上Case AnalysisCase 1& Case 2Case 1Your organization is having a large party for its worldwide distributors in the United States. Since there will be people from all over the world, what would you serve for meals to avoi

42、d offending anyone? Case 2you have unknowingly arrived in Mexico during Carnival Week. Because people are busy partying and celebrating, they are not interested in meeting with you to discuss business. However, since you are here, they have invited you to join in their activities. Should you accept or reject their invitation? Case AnalysisCase 3A Japanese businessman on his first visit to the United States was pleased to be invited to a U.S. executi