管理學(xué)原理答案

1、（CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time（1）TRUE/FALSE1Management is often considered universal（通用的） because it uses organizational resources to accomplish goals and attain（達(dá)到） high performance in all types of profit and not-for-profit organizations. T2 Leadership involves the use of influence to mot

2、ivate（刺激） employees to achieve the organisationTs goals.3Organising means defining（明確）goals for future organisational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attain them. F4. Efficiency refers to the degree to which the organisation achieves a stated（規(guī)定的） objective（目標(biāo)） . F5. Th

3、e managers ability tothink（strategically戰(zhàn)略性的） requires high technical skills and a proficiency（精通）in specific tasks withinan organisation.F6. First-line managers are the managers who have the responsibility for making the significant（重大的） strategic（戰(zhàn)略上的） policy decisions, often with staff managers a

4、ssisting（幫助） them in these decisions. FMultiple Choice1. The figurehead role involves:A. motivating and communicating with staffB. initiating （發(fā)起） changeC. handling ceremonial（正式的） and symbolic activitiesD. developing information sources within the organisationE.staying well informed about current a

5、ffairsC2. How an organisation goes about accomplishing a plan is a key part of the management function of:A.planningB.organisingC.leadingD.controllingE.motivatingB3. Which of the following is not a function of management?A.controlB.planC.organiseD.leadE.performanceE4. A social entity （本質(zhì)） that is go

6、al directed and deliberately（慎重地） structured is referred to as:A.an organisationB.managementC.employeesD.studentsE.tasksA5. Which of the following types of skills is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks?A.human skillB.leadership skill1/12C.technical skillD.concep

7、tual（概念上的） skillE.social skillC6. The informational role, according to Mintzberg, is a(n) _ role?A.entrepreneur（企業(yè)家）B.leaderC.figurehead（有名無實(shí)的領(lǐng)袖）D.celebratoryE.monitorEFILL IN THE BLANKS1.Social forces are the aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.2.Economic forces

8、 pertain（屬于） to the availability, production, and distribution （分配） of resources in a society.3. The learning organization can be defined as one in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organisation to continuously experiment, change, and improve, thus increasin

9、g its capacity to grow, learn and achieve its purpose.4. Empowerment （授權(quán)） means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.5. List three of the basic ideas of scientific man 會議員 agement.Trained workers in standard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的） methodDeveloped standard

10、 method for performing each jobSelected workers with appropriate abilities for each job6. Weber s vision of organisations that would be managed on an impersonal, rational（合理的） basis is called a(n)bureaucratic（官僚的）7. List the three assumptions（設(shè)想） associated with McGregors Theory X.People are lazy; P

11、eople dislike responsibility; People lack ambitionCHAPTER 1Innovation for turbulent time （2）TRUE/FALSE1. The learning organization is an attitude or philosophy（哲學(xué)） about what an organization can become.T2. The essential idea in a learning organisation is efficiency.F3. As a manager, Lou prefers to t

12、hink in terms ofcontrol over rather thancontrol with others. This is in agreement with the idea of alearning organisation.F4.Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.T5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor,

13、 provide two opposing（相反的） views of workers: Theory X recognises thatworkers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises （承認(rèn)） that workers will avoid work whenever possible.FMULTIPLE CHOICE1. _ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships amon

14、g people.A. LegalB. EconomicC. Political2/12D. PsychologicalE. Social E2. Variables（變量） such as interest rates, inflation（通貨膨脹） and trade tariffs（關(guān)稅） are all examples of _ forces.A. technologicalB. politicalC. socialD. socio-educationalE.none of the aboveE3. Strategy has traditionally been the sole（

15、唯一的） responsibility of:A. middle managementB.project managers（項目經(jīng)理）C. company accountantsD.top managersD4. During the early twentieth century, the prevailing （普通的） management perspective（觀點(diǎn)） , which emphasised rationality （合理性） and a scientific approach, was the _ perspective.A. scientificB. behavio

16、uralC. classicalD. quantitativeE. Pareto C5. The three subfields（子域） of the classical perspective include:A. bureaucratic organisation, quantitative management, and the human relations movementB. quantitative management, behavioural science, and administrative managementC. administrative management,

17、 bureaucratic organisation, and scientific managementD. scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative managementE.none of the aboveC6. Bruce believes his employees are responsible and able to work without intense direction and supervision（管理） . He is a:A. Theory X managerB. Theo

18、ry Y managerC. Theory Z managerD. contingency（偶然性） theory managerE.classical managerBSHORTANSWER1. Briefly discuss the relationship between management skills and management level.1.management skills summarize in three categories:conceptual skills , human skills and technical skills.management level

19、contains :top managers ,middle managers ,first-line managers and nonmanagers.top managers need conceptual skills,nonmanagers need technical skills,human skills is important to all management level3/12（管理技能有三種：概念技能、人際技能、技術(shù)技能。概念技能包括：高層管理者、中層管理者、一線管理者和非管理者。高層管理者需要概念技能。非管理者需要技術(shù)技能。人際技能對于管理水平來說很重要。）2. Wha

20、t is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness? Which is more important for performance?2.效率和效益向來都是企業(yè)追求的目標(biāo)，二者既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。效益是指做正確的事情，效率則是做事情運(yùn)用正確的方法。效益比效率更重要，因?yàn)闊o論效率再高，只要所做的事情不對，其結(jié)果就會是無益的勞動，而所付出的一切努力不過是一種浪費(fèi)。追求效益必須考慮效率，考慮效益實(shí)現(xiàn)的速度問題。CHAPTER 2The environment and corporate cultureTRUE OR FALSE1、 The

21、study of management traditionally has focused on factors external to the organisations.F2、 The general environment and the task environment are the two layers of an organisationTs external environment.3、Customers and competitors are two important sectors of the economic dimension（次元） of a firms gene

22、ral environmentF.4. Other organisations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers are referred to as suppliers. F5. The internal environment within which managers work includes corporate（公司的） culture, sociocultural aspects and customers. F C

23、HOICE1. Which of these is a part of an organisations internal environment?A. its customersB. its salespeopleC. its wage structureD. its suppliersE.its competitorsB2. The _ environment represents（表現(xiàn)） the outer layer of the environment and affects organisations _.A. task; indirectlyB. general; directl

24、yC. internal; directlyD.internal; indirectly（間接地）E.general; indirectlyE3. Which of these is NOT a part of an organisations general environment?A. technologicalB. economicC. competitorsD. legal-politicalE. sociocultural C4. An organisations task environmentudesinclall of the following EXCEPT:A. compe

25、titorsB. customersC. labour marketsD. employersE. suppliers D4/125. Which of these are included in an organisations task environment?A. suppliersB.accounting procedures（手續(xù)）C. technologyD. governmentE. demographic（人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)的） characteristics A6. Which of the following consists of demographic factors, suc

26、h as population density?A. technological environmentB. sociocultural environmentC. legal-political environmentD. internal environmentE.economic environmentB7. The _ represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation.A. competitorsB. labour marketC. suppliersD. custome

27、rsE. government B8. Which statement （敘述） below is correct?A. When environment is dynamic（活躍的） , uncertainty is low.B. When the environment is unstable（動態(tài)的） , uncertainty is low.C. A dynamic environment has more uncertainty than a stable environment.D. The stability （穩(wěn)定性） of the environment does not

28、determine the structure of the firm.E. None of the above. C9. Research has found that a(n) _ structure works best when organisations experience uncertainty.A.flexible（靈活的）B. mechanistic （機(jī)械的）C.intuitive（直覺的）D. inorganicE. rigid （死板的） A FILL IN THE BLANKS1. The external organizational environment inc

29、ludes all elements（元素） existing outside the boundary（分界線） of the organisation that have the potential（可能性） to affect the organisation.2. The general environment is the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affects organisations indirectly.3. The internal environment includes the sectors that cond

30、uct day-to-day transactions （交易） within the organisation.4. The labor market represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation.SHORT ANSWER1. Briefly describe the task environment and its four primary sectors.5/121.The task environment includes those sectors that hav

31、e a direct working relationship with the organization.These include customers,competitor,supplier,and the labor market.Customers are the people and organizations in the environment who acquire goods and services from the organization.Competitor is other organizations in the same industry or type of

32、business that provide goods or services to the same set of customer.Suppliers are people and organizations who provide the raw materials the organization uses to produce its output.Labor market is the people available for hire by the organization.（任務(wù)環(huán)境包括和團(tuán)體有正確的工作關(guān)系。這些包括消費(fèi)者、競爭者、供應(yīng)商和勞動力市場。消費(fèi)者是指那些從企業(yè)購買

33、產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的個人或組織。競爭者是指那些與本企業(yè)處于同一個行業(yè)、提供與本企業(yè)相同或類似產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)。供應(yīng)商是那些提供原材料給企業(yè)用來生產(chǎn)的個人或組織。勞動力市場是指能夠?yàn)槠髽I(yè)所雇傭的所有人的集合。）2. Briefly describe and discuss the various levels of culture2.Culture is the set of key values,beliefs, understandings,and norms that members of an organization share.Culture can be analyzed at the sur

34、face level and deeper level.Surface level includes artifacts,such as dress, office layout ,symbols,slogans,ceremonies.Deeper level has two sectors.The first one is expressed values,such as "The Penney Idea","The HP Way".The second one is underlying assumptions and deep beliefs ,s

35、uch as "people here care about one another like a family".（文化是指由一個組織內(nèi)部所有成員共同認(rèn)可的價值觀、信仰、共識及生活準(zhǔn)則。文化被分解為淺層次和深層次。淺層次包括人工制品，例如裙子、辦公布局、符號、標(biāo)語、儀式。深層次有兩方面。一種是明確的價值，如“The Penney Idea”、“ The HPWay”。另一種是潛在的假設(shè)和深深的信仰，例如“這兒的人們把別人視作家庭成員關(guān)懷”。）CHAPTER 4Ethics and Social ResponsibilityTRUE/FALSE1、Found between

36、 the domains（領(lǐng)域）of law and free choice, ethics（道德規(guī)范）is the code of moral principles that governs any individual or group. T2、Most ethical dilemmas （困境） involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole.T3. The four approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian（功力的）, indi

37、vidualism, moral-rights and objective dualism（雙重論） . F 應(yīng)該是 justice approach 公正原則4. Free choice lies between the domains of codified law and ethics. F5. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the individualism approach. F6. Culture is the only aspect of an organisation that i

38、nfluences ethics. F7. All stockholders of an organisation are its stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are its stockholders. TCHOICE1、 Which of these refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviour with respect to what is right and wrong?A. social responsibilityB. free doma

39、inC. ethicsD. codified law （編纂法典）E.discretionary（任意的） responsibilityC2. Around _ per cent of adults reach the level three stage of moral development.A. 30B. 40C. 50D. 80E. 20 E6/123. Ethics deals with _ values that are a part of corporate culture and shapes decisions concerning social responsibility

40、 with respect to the _ environment.A. internal/externalB. external/externalC. internal/internalD. external/internalE.none of the aboveA4. The assumption（假設(shè)） thatIf its not illegal, it must be ethical, ignores which of the following?A. domain of codified lawB. domain of ethicsC. domain of free choice

41、D. discretionary responsibilityE.domain of symbolismB5. The golden ruledo unto others as they would do unto you is:A. an example of the utilitarian approach to ethical behaviourB. representative of the moral-justice approach to moral decision makingC. an example of the values that guide the individu

42、alism approach to ethical behaviourD. an age-old piece of advise not to be taken too seriouslyE.an example of the justice approach to ethical behaviourC6. Individualism is most closely related to:A. social responsibilityB. free choiceC. economic responsibilityD. codified lawE. togetherness B7. Sexua

43、l harassment（性騷擾） is unethical because it violates（違反） an important part of which approach to ethical behaviour?A. the utilitarian approachB. the individualism approachC. the justice approachD. the moral-rights approachE.the defensive（防御的） approachD8. Most of the laws guiding human resource manageme

44、nt are based on the:A. utilitarian approachB. moral-rights approachC. individualism approachD. justice approachE.collectivism （集體主義） approachDFILL IN THE BLANKS7/121. ethics is the code of moral principles and values that govern the behaviours of a person or group with respect to what is right or wr

45、ong.2. A(n) ethical dilemmaarises in a situation when each alternative choice or behaviour is undesirable（不良的） because of potentially（可能地） harmful ethical consequences.3. List the four criteria （條件） for ethical decision making described in the book. utilitarian approach;individualism approach ; mora

46、l rights approach ; justice approach4. List four examples of primary stakeholders.investors,suppliers,customers,stakeholdersSHORT ANSWER1. Explain the concept（概念） of a stakeholder and list five common stakeholders1. A stakeholder is any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in th

47、e organization's performance.the local government ;the nature ; physical environments ;special interest groups; the quality of life（利益相關(guān)者是指在組織的內(nèi)部或外部，與公司經(jīng)營業(yè)績相互關(guān)聯(lián)的任何個人或組織。當(dāng)?shù)卣?、自然、物理環(huán)境、特定興趣小組、生活質(zhì)量。）CHAPTER 5Planning and Goal SettingTRUE/FALSE1、 Of the four management functions, organizing is the mo

48、st fundamental（根本的） , as everything practical（實(shí)際的） stems（血統(tǒng)） from careful organization. F2. A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal.T3. Plans specify（列舉） future ends; goals specify todays meansF.4. The act of determining the organisations goals and th

49、e means for achieving them is calledF goal setting.5. Goals and plans are valuable to an organisation because they provide legitimacy（合法） , rationale（基本原理） for decisions and an increase in motivation （積極性） and commitment（承諾） . T6. An organisations mission describes its reason for existenceT.7. Missi

50、on statements often reveal（顯示） the company s philosophy as well as purpose.T8. Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the organisation wants to be in the future and pertain（屬于） to the organisation as a whole. T8/129. Reviewing progress is the most difficult step in an MBO process.F1

51、0. Long-term planning includes strategic goals for the overall organisation.TCHOICE1. A desired future state that an organisation attempts to realise（明白） is called a(n):A.planB.vision statementC.goalD.mission statementE.ideaC2. _ specify future ends and _ specify todays means.A.Goals, plansB. Plans,

52、 goalsC.Planning, organisingD.Ideas, behavioursE.Mission, visionA3. Which of these is the act of determining the organisations goals and the means for achieving them?A.organisingB.brainstormingC.planningD.developing a missionE.a blueprintC4. The planning process begins with which of these?A. the dev

53、elopment of operational（運(yùn)作的） goalsB. the development of a mission statementC. communication of goals to the rest of the organisationD. a company-wide meetingE.brainstormingB5. The _ is the basis for the strategic level of goals and plans which in turn（空的）shapes the _ and _level.A. goal, mission, tacticalB.operational goal, mis