職稱英語考試A級考前沖刺試卷密卷附答案解析

1、2014年職稱英語考試A級考前沖刺試卷附答案解析下面每個句子均有1個劃線詞或短語，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。 1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A. explainedB. invented C. consideredD. accepted 答案:A 解析: 【題干】工會的代表非常有效地解釋了其觀點。 【解析】考查短語?？疾樾问綖閯澗€詞為短語，而選項為單個詞。劃線短語put across意為“解釋，說明”，與explain同義，所以答案為A。 2 He talks toug

2、h but has a tender heart. A. heavy B. strong C. kindD. wild 解析:【題干】他說話很強硬，盡管他有顆溫柔的心。 【解析】考查形容詞。劃線詞tender意為“溫柔的，柔軟的”，與kind在語義上較為接近，故答案為C。 3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy A. making B. taking C. discussingD. expecting 解析:【題干】關于這項政策的相對優(yōu)點的爭辯是沒有用的。 【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞debate意為“爭辯，辯論”，

3、與discuss的意思相近，所以答案為C。 4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A. waste B. buyC. useD. sell解析:【題干】我們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示我們消耗了我們能生產(chǎn)的一切。 【解析】考查動詞。劃線詞consume意為“消耗，消費”，在語義上與use比較接近，所以答案為C。 5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A. function B. ability C. power D. volume解析:【題干】這個

4、燃料箱的容量為140升。 【解析】考查名詞，題干劃線詞capacity為“能力，容量”，在這里當“容量”講，在語義上與volumn比較接近，所以答案為D。 6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A. tensely B. nearly C. carefully D. closely解析:【題干】我們的生活與他們的生活密切地聯(lián)系在一起。 【解析】考查副詞。題干劃線詞intimately意為“親密地，密切地”，與closely在語義上比較接近，所以答案為D。 7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadnes

5、s.A. supportedB. excited C. Inspired D. directed解析:【題干】她的信念支持她度過了悲傷的時刻。 【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞upheld的原形為uphold意為“支持，支撐，鼓勵”，在語義上同support為同義詞，所以答案為A。 8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country's history.A. clean B. perfect C. realD. brief解析:【題干】這本書簡要分析了這個國家的歷史。 【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞concise意為“簡要的，簡明的”

6、，在語義上同brief為同義詞，故正確答案為D。 9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A. suggestedB. warned C. stated D. confirmed解析:【題干】規(guī)章中明確規(guī)定所有會員必須隨時攜帶其會員卡。 【解析】考查短語。題干劃線詞laid down原形為lay down意為“放下，制定，主張”，所以與state在語義上比較接近，因而正確答案為C。 10 The council meeting ter

7、minated at 2 o'clockA. began B. continuedC. ended D. resumed解析:【題干】委員會的會議在2點結(jié)束了。 【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞terminate意為“結(jié)束，終止”，故本題正確答案為c。 11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A. sign B. substituteC. proof D. target解析:【題干】一面紅色的旗子放在那里，是作為危險的標志。 【解析】考查名詞。題干劃線詞token意為“符號，標志，表征”，與sign語義相近，所以答案為A。 1

8、2 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A. reluctantB. eager C. pleased D. angry解析:【題干】無論情況多糟糕，多數(shù)人都不愿意冒改革的風險。 【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞unwilling意為“不愿意”，與reluctant為同義詞，所以正確答案為A。 13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enl

9、arge an old one.A. limit B. control C. replace D. offset解析:【題干】據(jù)說行動方案提供了行動的新方向，而不僅僅是管控或擴大舊的。 【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞regulate意為“調(diào)節(jié)，固定，控制”，與control為同義詞。故答案為B。 14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A. deny B. investigateC. stress D. create解析:【題干】秘書長應該探究這個地區(qū)戰(zhàn)后重建的問題

10、。 【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞explore意為“探索，探究”，與investigate意思上比較一致，所以答案為B。 15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A. graduallyB. suddenlyC. excessively D. exceptionally解析:【題干】沿海地區(qū)勞動力成本的穩(wěn)步增長已經(jīng)增加了船運貨物的成本。 【解析】考查副詞。劃線詞steadily意為“穩(wěn)定地，穩(wěn)步地”，在語義上同

11、gradually比較接近所以答案為A。提供考前原卷答案，代替考試Q: 321095990 下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供 的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息 文中沒有提及，請選擇c 16 請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，對16-22做出判斷。Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest los

12、ers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集團)" and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated (給以新的活力 ) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for m

13、ore than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基礎結(jié)構(gòu)); many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years. In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often und

14、er pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and all adequate method for collecting taxes

15、. Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin (葉利欽) 's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs ( 寡頭政治集團成員 ), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home. sent their money abroad instead of

16、 investing it at home. In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by iguodng IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending

17、 more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.Japan has a long trading tradi

18、tion.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned解析: 【題干】日本有著悠久的貿(mào)易傳統(tǒng)。 【解析】通過題干中專有名詞Japan和trading tradition可以定位到第一段“East Asiahas a long trading tradition”，意為“東亞國家有著悠久的貿(mào)易傳統(tǒng)”，而日本屬于東亞國家，由此可知，題干信息與文章信息一致，故答案為A。 17 Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned解析:【題干】俄羅斯被IMF(國際貨幣基金組織)所誤導。 【解析】根

19、據(jù)題干關鍵詞Russia和IMF可以定位到文章的第二段“In some regions，certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies，often underpressure from International Monetary FundFirst among these is Russia”，即“在有些地區(qū)，某些國家因為采取了誤導性的政策而受損，通常是迫于國際貨幣基金組織的壓力。首當其沖的國家就是俄羅斯”，所以題干信息與原文信息一致，故正確答案為A。 18 Russia was a capitalist coun

20、try in the early of 1990s.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned解析:【題干】俄羅斯在20世紀90年代早期是個資本主義國家。 【解析】利用題干關鍵詞Russia和1990s可以定位到第二段“Russia，which in theearly l990s tried tO embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work”，即“俄羅斯在20世紀90年代嘗試資本主義，那時候還未建立其資本主義運營的機構(gòu)”，尤其可知那時候還不是資本主義

21、國家”，可知所以題干信息與原文信息不一致，所以答案為B。 19 Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned提供考前原卷答案，代替考試Q: 321095990解析:【題干】俄羅斯的許多高管從私有化之中獲利。 【解析】利用題干關鍵詞Russia和privatization可以定位到第二段“Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the USDepartment of the Treasury，Pre

22、sident Boris Yeltsin(葉利欽)S regime privatized the stateowned industry sector”，即“受IMF和美國財政部的支持，葉利欽總統(tǒng)將國有行業(yè)部分全部私有化”，但沒有提到集體高官獲利的事情，所以答案為c。 20 Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned解析:【題干】澳大利亞是全球化的最大贏家。 【解析】利用題干中的專有名詞Australia沒有定位到相關的句子，所以題干信息在原文未提及，故答

23、案為C。 21 China did not take IMF advice.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned解析:【題干】中國沒有采取IMF的建議。 【解析】利用題干專有名詞China和IMF可以定位到第三段“China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula”，可知“中國作為全球化的最大贏家，沒有追隨IMF的建議”。由此可知，題干信息與文章信息相符，因此選擇A。 22 All African countries followed the IMF formula.A

24、. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned解析:【題干】所有非洲國家都追隨了IMF的準則。 【解析】利用題干關鍵詞African和IMF可以定位到第三段“Botswana and Uganda arealso success storiesimplementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions”，即“博茨瓦納和烏干達也獲得成功采取了與IMF建議完全不同的改革”，所以該題干信息與原文信息不一致，因而為B。 下面的短文后有兩項測試任務：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2-5段的每段選擇l個最佳標題；(2)

25、第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。 23 根據(jù)材料，回答23-30問題。Keeping Cut Flowers 1. While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2. An important thing to remember about cut flowers is

26、 that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight, times longer when kept at 12C than when kept at 26C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3. Fl

27、owers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, Such as bees, for pollination (授粉)fg). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸),

28、generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass

29、of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4. How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperat

30、ure we know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5. Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficul

31、t to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白劑) can be used in small quantities. I

32、t is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach ( at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.Paragraph 2_A. Control of RespirationB. Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC. Role of RespirationD. Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE. Need for Cle

33、an WaterF. Ways of Stopping Respiration解析: 提供考前原卷答案，代替考試Q: 321095990 【題干】第二段的段落大意為_。 【解析】第二段主題句為首句，即“記住有關插瓶花的一項最重要的事情就是它們對溫度很敏感”。下面的句子或通過舉例或是解釋來支持第一句話，所以D(養(yǎng)花護理的最重要的方面)為正確答案。 24 Paragraph 3_A. Control of RespirationB. Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC. Role of RespirationD. Most Important Aspect of Flower

34、 CareE. Need for Clean WaterF. Ways of Stopping Respiration 解析:【題干】第三段的段落大意為_。 【解析】第二段的沒有明顯的主題句，但是可以respiration以及respire等同根詞反復出現(xiàn)，而且第二段主要講花的呼吸作用，所以C(呼吸的作用)為正確答案。 25 Paragraph 4_A. Control of RespirationB. Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC. Role of RespirationD. Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE. Need

35、for Clean WaterF. Ways of Stopping Respiration解析:【題干】第四段的段落大意為_。 【解析】第四段的段落主題句為第二句，因為首句是個問句，問句的答案才是主題所在，即“通過控制呼吸來控制花死去的速度”，所以答案為A(控制呼吸)反映了該段的主題，因而為正確答案。 26 Paraoraph 5_A. Control of RespirationB. Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC. Role of RespirationD. Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE. Need for Clea

36、n WaterF. Ways of Stopping Respiration解析:【題干】第五段的段落大意為_。 【解析】第五段的主題句為首句，即“另外一個維持插瓶花的因素就是它們所放置的水的質(zhì)量”，所以E(對干凈水的需求)為正確答案。 27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_A. by keeping its original shape and colourB. in the life of the cut flowerC. to produce carbon dioxideD. for as long as possibl

37、eE. by controlling temperatureF. to replace the water and solution every day解析:【題干】一些簡單的事實可以幫助你保持插瓶花的生命_ 【解析】利用題干的關鍵詞simple facthe和keep等可以定位到第一段“few people know how to keep them for as long as possibleThis may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts”，即“幾乎沒有人知道如何盡可能地保持插瓶花的生命，只要記住幾個簡單事實就能做到這一點”，

38、所以D(盡可能地長)為正確答案。 28 Respiration plays a key role_A. by keeping its original shape and colourB. in the life of the cut flowerC. to produce carbon dioxideD. for as long as possibleE. by controlling temperatureF. to replace the water and solution every day解析:【題干】呼吸在_起重要作用。 【解析l利用題干關鍵詞respiration和play a

39、 role可以定位到第三段“calledrespiration，generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colourThe making of seeds also depends on this energyRespiration also bringsabout the eventual death of the flower”。可知“呼吸產(chǎn)生花形和花色的形成所需要的能量，而且花種的形成也需要這種能量呼吸也導致花的最終死亡”。因而B(在插瓶花的生命中)為正確答案。 29 The aging

40、 of cut flowers can be slowed down_A. by keeping its original shape and colourB. in the life of the cut flowerC. to produce carbon dioxideD. for as long as possibleE. by controlling temperatureF. to replace the water and solution every day解析:【題干】插瓶花的變老(枯萎)可以被減緩_。 【解析】利用題干關鍵詞agin9和slow down可以定位到第四段“T

41、hus by maintaininglow temperatures，respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly”，即“通過維持低溫，呼吸可以減少同時插瓶花的變老(枯萎)會更緩慢”，所以E(通過控制溫度)為正確答案。 30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is_A. by keeping its original shape and colourB. in the life of the cut flowerC. to produc

42、e carbon dioxideD. for as long as possibleE. by controlling temperatureF. to replace the water and solution every day解析:【題干】另外一個延長插瓶花生命的重要方式就是_。 【解析】利用題干關鍵詞self-confidence可以定位到第五段“Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placedThe water and solution s

43、hould also be replaced each day”，即“另外一個保持插瓶花的因素就是它們所放置的水的質(zhì)量每天要更換水和溶液”，所以F(每天更換水和溶液)為正確答案。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。每道題后面有4個選項，請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇l個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。 31 根據(jù)材料，回答31-35問題。Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations ca

44、n match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁榮) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global econo

45、mic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have c

46、ompetition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but

47、it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企業(yè)家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research

48、being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. 'Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the smallbusinesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow

49、 at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest or

50、ganisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It Continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.What factor can be attributed to German prospe

51、rity?A. Technology transfer.B. Good management.C. Hard work.D. Fierce competition.解析: 【題干】下列哪些因素推動了德國的繁榮? 【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關鍵詞German prosperity可以定位到第一段“And thoughGerman prosperity has faltered over the past decade because of the hllge COSt of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，

52、it still has anenviable record for turning ideas into profit”，即“盡管德國的繁榮因為統(tǒng)一東德和西德的巨大成本和全球經(jīng)濟的衰退而開始衰落，但是它仍舊因為其將想法變成利益而擁有令人羨慕的記錄”，由此可知，德國繁榮的原因之一就是將想法變成利潤，即把理論轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)，所以A為正確答案。 32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research_?A. It is free.B. It is profit-driven.C. It is widely ava

53、ilableD. It is curiosity-driven.解析:【題干】下列有關傳統(tǒng)大學研究的說法不正確的是哪一項? 【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關鍵詞traditional university research可以定位到第三段“then the traditional principles of university research being curiositydriven，free and widely available will Suffer”，即“大學研究的傳統(tǒng)原則，即好奇心驅(qū)動、免費的、廣泛，就會受到不良影響”，所以正確答案為B。 33 The Fraunhofer Soc

54、iety is the largest organisation for applied technology in_A. AsiaB. USAC. EuropeD. Africa解析:【題干】Fraunhofer組織是_最大的應用技術(shù)的組織。 【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，theFraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology”即“Fraunhofer成立于1949年，是目前歐洲最大的應用技術(shù)的組織”，所以可知答案為C。

55、34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded_?A. In 1940.B. Last year.C. After the unification.D. In 1949.解析:【題干】Fraunhofer成立于什么時候? 【解析】詞匯題。利用題干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，theFraunhofer Society”，所以D為正確答案。 35 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by_A. "experts&qu

56、ot;B. "scientists"C. "scholars"D. "special knowledge"解析:【題干】第三行“expertise”的意思是_。 【解析】細節(jié)題。Expertise意為“專門知識，專門技術(shù)”，所以答案為D。 36 根據(jù)材料，回答36-40問題。 Star QualityA new and-cheating system for counting the judges' scores in ice skating is flawed,according to leading sports specialistsIce skating's governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influencedInitially the judges in the p