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1、漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯(法理、法制史)Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems按照法律規(guī)定:according to law按照確定的份額分享權力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照確定的份額分擔義務:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教學法:case system案例匯編:case book; case report; law report被視為:be de

2、emed as 被宣布為非法:be outlawed; be declared illegal比較法:comparative law比較法學:comparative jurisprudence比較法學派:school of comparative jurisprudence比較法制史: comparative legal history比較分析法:method of comparative analysis比較刑法:comparative penal law比較刑法學:comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果關系:positive causal relations

3、hip邊緣法學:borderline jurisprudence變通辦法:adaptation; accommodation補充規(guī)定:supplementary provision補救辦法:remedial measures不成文法:unwritten law不動產所在地法律:law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的權利:impartible right不可抗力 :force majuere不可侵犯性:inviolability不可讓與性:inalienability不

4、履行法律義務:non-performance of obligation不要式行為:informal act不要因的法律行為:non-causal juristic act不因實效而喪失的權利:imprescriptible right不作為:abstain from an act; act of omission部門法:department law部門規(guī)章:regulation參照 :consult參照具體情況: in the light of actual conditions參照原文: consult the original亞里士多德: Aristotle柏拉圖: Plato德拉古:

5、Draco蓋尤斯: Gaius西塞羅:Marcus Tullius Cicero烏爾比安 Ulpianus羅馬皇帝優(yōu)士丁尼一世:Justinian I烏爾比安: Ulpianus西塞羅:Marcus Tullius Cicero優(yōu)士丁尼皇帝:Justinian羅馬法律匯編:Roman Digest民法大全:Corpus Juris Civilis優(yōu)士丁尼法典: the Codex Justinianus優(yōu)士丁尼民法大全(國法大全):Corpus Juris Civilis十二表法: Twelve Tables拿破侖法典: The Code Napolean日耳曼法:Germanic law教會

6、法大全Corpus Juris Canonici漢穆拉比法典: Code of Hammurabi保護人權與基本自由公約(1950) :Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950(羅)查士丁尼法典:Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法規(guī)匯編: Authenticum德國民法典:German Civil code大憲章(1215) :Great Charter, 1215(英)歐洲大陸法: continental law南京條約: (1843) T

7、reaty of Nanking, 1843羅馬日耳曼法系: Roman-Germanic family羅馬私法: Jus Privatum羅馬法學派: school of Romanists家庭法: family law教會法:canon law羅馬法理學: jurisprudential教會法學家 decretalists羅馬法:Roman Law; Jus Romanum羅馬法系: Roman-Law System(古羅馬的)元老院: the Senate超出法律范圍的:outside of law超出法律權限的:extralegal超過權限: exceed authority; bey

8、ond jurisdiction成文法: written law沖突法: conflict of laws; rules of conflict沖突規(guī)則: conflict rule; rule of conflict除(本法)另有規(guī)定外: except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外條款: provisory clause除外責任條款: exclusion clause觸犯公共利益: encroach on the public interests觸犯國際利益: go against the states interests觸犯人民利益: e

9、ncroach on the interests of the people; go against the peoples interests傳統(tǒng)法律觀念: traditional ideas of law純粹法學: pure theory of law次要法規(guī): by law次要規(guī)則: secondary rule從寬解釋原則: doctrine of liberal construction從權利: accessory right達到法定年齡: come of age大法: the fundamental law大法官:Lord High Chancellor大陪審團 grand jur

10、y大法官法院:Court of Chancery大陸法系:Continental Legal System大律師:barrister大明律:Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty(中)大清律例:the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)單行法規(guī):specific regulations單一法律體系:unitary legal system單一制政府:unitary government但書:proviso當代法學動向:current trend of jurisprudence當然解釋: natural interpretati

11、on黨紀國法:party discipline and the law of the country道德規(guī)范:norm of morality道德義務: moral obligation第二讀:second reading第三讀: third reading二元論:the dualistic theory二元君主立憲制: dual constitutional monarchy system二元論: the dualistic theory二元論者:dualist二元制: bicameral system法的本質: the nature of law法的變化:changes of law法的定

12、義:definition of law法的發(fā)展:development of law法的分類: divisions of law法律概念: legal concept 法的概念: concepts of law法的規(guī)范作用:normalized usage of law法的繼承:succession of law 法律的理想:ideal of law法律的權威: authority of law法律的失效:lapse of law法律的實施:administration of law; law enforcement法律的適用:application of law法律的統(tǒng)一: unificat

13、ion of law法律的推定: presumption of law法律的推理: analogy of law法律的完整性: integrity of law法律的效力范圍: forces scale of law法律的效力形式: forces form of law法律的修改:alteration of law法律的演進: evolutin of law法律的原理: principle of law法律地位平等:equal in legal status法律對人的效力:personal act of law編纂法律方法: legal methodology法律分類: classificat

14、ion of law法律賦予權力: authority conferred by law法律改革: law reform法律根據(jù): legal basis 法律工作者: legal professional法律關系:legal relation法律關系的運行: process of legal relation法律關系客體: object of legal relation法律關系主體: subject of legal relation法律規(guī)定:provisions of law法律規(guī)范: norm of law法律規(guī)范的邏輯結構: logical structure of legal ru

15、le法律規(guī)則體系: system of legal rules法律含義: intendment of law法律另有規(guī)定:otherwise stipulated by law法律現(xiàn)象:legal phenomenon法律研究:legal research法律要件: legal requirement法律依據(jù): legal basis法律意見: legal advice法律意見書:legal opinion法律意識: law-consciousness法律意義: legal sense法律用語: legal language法律與正義先驗論: a prior theory of law and

16、 justice法律淵源: source of law法律原本注釋: gloss法律原理: legal doctrines法律原則: principle of legality法律援助:legal aid法律約束: legal binding; legal restraint法律責任: legal responsibility法律責任的道義基礎: moral basic of legal obligation法律責任的歸結: imputaton of legal responsibility法律責任的認定: determination of legal responsibility法律責任的執(zhí)

17、行: enforcement of legal responsibility法律責任客體: object of legal responsibility法律責任主體: subject of legal responsibility法律哲學:philosophy of law; philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris法律政策: policy of the law法律職業(yè)道德: legal ethics法律指導: legal counsel法律制裁: legal sanction法律制度: regime of law; legal system法律秩序

18、: legal order法律主體資格: capacity as a subject of law法律主張: proposition of law法律屬地原則: territoriality of laws法律著述: legal literature法律專家: legal expert法律專業(yè): legal profession法律專著和教科書: legal treatise and textbook法律咨詢: legal advice法律尊嚴:legal sanctity法盲: legal illiterates法權: right法社會學: sociology of law法系: legal

19、 system法協(xié)會: law society法學: jurisprudence法學士: bachelor of law法學博士: doctor of jurisprudence法學導論: leading principles of law法學的范疇體系: the system of categories of jurisprudence法學的范疇意識: the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法學的基石范疇: fundamental categories of jurisprudence法學方法: method of jurispruden

20、ce法學方法論: methodology of jurisprudence法學院: faculty of law; law school法學會: law society法學教科書:law textbooks法學理論: theory of law; legal theory法學權威: an academic authority in law法學體系: system of jurisprudence法學通論: first principles of law法醫(yī): forensic medicine法醫(yī)學: forensic medicine法院: court法院調查: judicial inves

21、tigation法院管轄權: competence of court法院管轄以外的: extrajudicial法院判決: court decision法院系統(tǒng): court structure法院組織法: judicature act法則: articles法哲學: philosophy of law法制:legal institution法制傳統(tǒng): tradition of law system法制的精神: spirit of legality法制的尊嚴: dignity of the legal system法制觀念: legal concept法制觀念淡?。?very weak in

22、the understanding of law法制教育: legal education; education of legal system法制史: legal history; history of legal system法治: rule of law法治的機制: the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素: the element of rule of law非實質的: immaterial非營利的: non-profit非約束性條款: permissive provision廢止法律: annulment of law分別管轄權: separate juri

23、sdiction分別財產制: separation of property regime分別規(guī)定: separate provision分擔責任: share the responsibility分工負責,互相配合,互相制約: divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工負責制: division of labor responsibility system分級管理: different levels holding different responsibili

24、ties分配制度: distribution system分析法理學: analytical jurisprudence否決權: power veto; veto power否認事實: denial of facts服從法律: amenable to law; subject to the law服從判決: accept a judgment符合程序: be in order符合法律: be in conformity with law符合原則: be in conformity with the principle概括裁定: general verdict概括繼承: general succ

25、ession干擾司法公正: interference with course of justice剛性條款: entrenched clause崗位責任制: post responsibility system高度集中: highly centralize高度民主: high level of democracy高度自治權: high degree of autonomy擱置: set aside; abeyance格式條款: clause of style公認的行為準則: established standard of conduct規(guī)避法律: in fraud of law規(guī)避義務: ev

26、ade obligations規(guī)范的法律規(guī)則: normative rule of law規(guī)范法學: normative jurisprudence規(guī)范性法律文件: normalizative document of law規(guī)范性法律文件的規(guī)范化: normalization of normative legal document過錯方: tort-feasor; wrongdoer過錯推定原則: doctrine of presumption過錯責任: liability for wrongs; tort liability合并條款: consolidation of provisions合

27、法的個人財產: legal personal property合法地位: legal status合法權益: the lawful rights and interests合法行為: lawful acts; legality of purpose合憲性: constitutionality 衡平法: equity衡平法規(guī)則: rule of equity衡平法學: equity jurisprudence衡平法院: Court of Chancery (美);Court of Equity (英)后法取代前法: A later statute takes away the effect of

28、 a prior one.后法優(yōu)于前法: lex posterior derogat priori戶籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互為因果: reciprocal causation基本法: fundamental law基本法律規(guī)范: basic norm of law基本方針: basic policies基本權利和義務: basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假設: basic legal conception and assumption技術性法規(guī): technical legal rule建立法律

29、關系:create legal relations解釋法律的技術規(guī)則: technical rule of interpretation解釋權: power of interpretation近因: immediate cause禁治產人: imbecile; interdicted person經常居住地:habitual residence經法律確認的: ascertained by law經法律許可: authorized by law經驗法學: scholastic theories of law糾問式審判: trial by inspection or examination具有法律

30、約束力的文件: legally binding instrument具有同等效力的: with equal authenticity具有約束力的判例: binding precedent絕對衡平法: absolute equity君主立憲制度: constitutional monarchy開羅會議: Cairo Conference凱恩斯主義: keynesianism可撤銷的法律行為: revocable juristic act可讓與性: alienability可用法律強制執(zhí)行的: enforceable at law可預見的: foreseeable可直接適用的法律: directl

31、y applicable law可追溯的: retrospective客觀條件: objective condition客觀因素: objective factor客體: object擴充解釋: amplified interpretation理論法理學派: theoretical jurisprudence school理性決定說: theory of rational decision理性認識: conceptual knowledge歷史法學: historical jurisprudence歷史法學派: historical school of law歷史解釋: historical

32、interpretation立法機構:legislative body立法權: law-making power; legislative power立法委任權: legislation mandate立法效力: legislative effect立法議案 bills立法者: law-maker; legislator立憲: constitutionalism利益沖突: conflict of interests利害關系人:interested person連帶法律關系: joint legal relations連帶責任: joint and several obligation論理解釋:

33、 logical interpretation邏輯解釋: logical interpretation馬克思主義法律理論: Marxism-leninism馬克思主義法學:Marxist jurisprudence馬克思主義法學家: Marxist jurist沒有事實根據(jù)的: unsubstantial美國國際法協(xié)會: American Institute of International Law美國海事法庭: Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美國聯(lián)邦地區(qū)法院: United States district courts美國聯(lián)邦法官: federal judge沒

34、有法律依據(jù)的: lawless沒有判決先例的案件: case of first impression民法典: civil code民法法系:Civil-Law System民法通則: General Principles of the Civil Law民法學: science of civil law民事案件中“占有優(yōu)勢證據(jù)”的原則: “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事權利能力:the capacity for civil rights民事權益:civil rights and interests民事訴訟法學: Civil Pr

35、ocedure Law民事制裁: civil punishment; civil sanction民政部門:the civil affairs department明代法規(guī): laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的: express or implied默示表達: communication by implication內部規(guī)章: internal regulations納妾制: concubinage擬制理論: fiction theory擬制買賣: mancipatio偶然權利: contingent right偶然因果關系: fortuito

36、us causal relationship偶然因素: accidentalia 偶因: accidental cause排他的權利: right to exclude all others派生的權利: derived right派生取得: derivative acquisition判例法系: Case Law System普通法法系: Common-Law System判例法系: Case Law System判例匯編: reports; reports of judgments普通法: common law普通法法系: Common-Law System普通法上的補償: common-l

37、aw remedy普通法上的過失: common-law negligence普通法上的留置權: common-law lien普通法學: general jurisprudence強制辦法: coercive method強制規(guī)定: mandatory provisions強制性法規(guī): mandatory rule of law強制性條款: mandatory term侵犯財產權: property torts侵權行為法: tort law侵權責任: tortious liability清理法規(guī): check up laws and regulations區(qū)域性法律體系: regional

38、system of laws取證: obtain evidence確權之訴: affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation確認之訴: action for confirmation; actio confessoria權威解釋: authentic interpretation人法: human law, statute personalia人格減等: capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯: inviolability of the person人身非財產關系: personal non-property r

39、elations人身關系: personal relation任意解釋: arbitrary interpretation柔性憲法: flexible constitution三權分立: separation of powers善意推定: presumption of good faith商法: commercial law商法典: code of commerce社會法學:sociological jurisprudence社會關系: social relations社會規(guī)范: social regulation社會連帶主義法學: social solidarism jurisprudenc

40、e社會契約論: theory of social contract社會團體:social organization社會主義法學: socialist jurisprudence社會主義法制: socialist legal system; socialist rule of law神法: divine law神權說: theory of divine right審查制度: censorship; inspection system審計監(jiān)督: supervise through auditing審計監(jiān)督權: power to supervise through auditing生效條款: ope

41、rative clause失效法律: expired laws失效日: expiry date施行細則: implementary provisions實證主義法學派: the positivist school實體法: material law; substantial law實體法上的抗辯: substantial defense實體權利: substantive right實用主義法學: judicial pragmaticism實在法: positive law實在法學: positive jurisprudence實在法學派: positivist實在主義法學: positivist

42、 jurisprudence實證法學: positive jurisprudence實質條款: material stipulation實質性的瑕疵: defect of substance實質性解釋: material interpretation事實的推定: presumption of fact事業(yè)單位:institution適用法律: reference to the law; applicable law適用范圍: area of application; sphere of application適用中國法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The l

43、aw of PRC shall apply to)溯及既往原則: doctrine of retroactivity溯及力: retrospect; retrospective effect損害賠償: damages梭倫: Solon彈性憲法: elastic constitution特別程序: special procedure特別但書: special proviso特別法: special law特殊主體: special subject提案:motion; overture; proposal提出抗辯: raise a plea; raise a plead條約法: law of tr

44、eaties同態(tài)復仇: retaliation推定合法:presumption of legality停止生效:cease to have effect外國法: foreign law外國法制史: foreign legal history外國人待遇: foreigner treatment完全民事權利能力:full capacity for civil conduct完全喪失行為能力的人: person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全無行為能力: absolute disability萬民法: jus gentium違法構成要件: esse

45、ntial condition of delict違憲: violation of constitution無國籍人:stateless persons無條件解釋: unconditional interpretation無效的法律: void law無效法律行為: void act; act without legal effect物權: property習慣法:custom law細則: detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狹義解釋: narrow definition下文另有規(guī)定者除外: except as hereinafter

46、 provided先決條件 :precedent condition; prerequisite現(xiàn)實主義法學: realism jurisprudence現(xiàn)行法律: current law; existing law限制解釋: restrictive interpretation無國籍人:stateless persons無條件解釋: unconditional interpretation無效的法律: void law無效法律行為:void act; act without legal effect物權: property習慣法:custom law細則: detailed rules an

47、d regulations; details by-laws狹義解釋: narrow definition下文另有規(guī)定者除外: except as hereinafter provided先決條件: precedent condition; prerequisite現(xiàn)實主義法學: realism jurisprudence現(xiàn)行法律: current law; existing law限制解釋: restrictive interpretation相對主義法學: relativist jurisprudence新分析法學: new analytical jurisprudence新律: New

48、Law , Novellae行為規(guī)范: code of conduct學說編纂:the Pandekta形式主義法學: formalist jurisprudence嚴格解釋: strict interpretation嚴重不法行為: aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 嚴重違法: break the law on a serious scale要件: important condition; essential condition一般客體: general object一般權利能力: general legal capacity一般主體: gen

49、eral subject一事不再理的保證: guarantee against double jeorpardy依法辦案: handle cases according to law依法獨立行使職權: independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law依照法律的規(guī)定: as prescribed by law以法律為準繩: take law as the criterion依法治國: genuine rule of law; running the country according to law義務性規(guī)范: oblig

50、atory rule 義務主體: subject of duty英美法系: Anglo-American Legal System永恒法: eternal law有法必依: ensure that laws are observed有法律約束力: legally binding有條件解釋: conditional interpretation有效期間: time of effect; term of validity與法律規(guī)定不符: against the forms of the statute與法律相抵觸的行為:act going against the law域外效力: extrater

51、ritorial effect援引法律條文: invoke a legal provision約束力: binding; binding effect在法律的范圍內: within the law暫行條例:interim regulations; provisional regulation整體法學: integrative jurisprudence正當權益: justified rights; legitimate interests正式解釋: official interpretation正式淵源: formal source政法學院: institute of political sc

52、ience and law知法犯法: deliberately break the law執(zhí)法必嚴: ensure that laws enforcement be strict執(zhí)法人員: law enforcement officials執(zhí)行權: enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果:immediate consequence直接客體: direct object直接主體: direct subject制定法: statute治外法權: extraterritoriality; extraterritorial juri

53、sdiction中端時效: interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中國大陸的法律: law of Chinas mainland中國法制: Chinese legal system中國法制史: Chinese legal history中國特色的社會主義法制: socialist legal system with Chinese character中華法系: Chinese legal system中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)基本法:the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative

54、 Region of the Peoples Republic of China主要法律體系:principal legal system自然法: natural law自然法學派: natural law school組成合議庭開庭審理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高國家權力機關: highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解釋: interpretation of supreme peoples court遵循先例原則:The Doctrine of Stare作為或不作為: act or omissi

55、on 憲法學行政法學Constitution and Administrative Laws制憲權:constituent power憲法的解釋: interpretation of constitution憲法修正案: constitution amendment憲法學: constitutional jurisprudence成文憲法written constitution不成文憲法unwritten constitution符合憲法: constitutionality符合憲法的法律 constitutional law剛性憲法: rigid constitution馬伯里訴麥迪遜案:

56、Marbury vs. Madison抽象行政行為: abstract administrative act非法活動: unlawful activities非法利益: unlawful interests非法手段: illegal means非強制性行政行為: non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的:informal; irregular非政府機關: non-governmental organization非主要條件: non-essential stipulation非專業(yè)的: non-professional國家賠償案件: case of sta

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