語法測試要求-(1)-掌握基本的英語語法知識-要求能在

1、1啟-啟動觀點承-內容承接轉-語義轉折合-總結概括啟、承、轉、合2啟-啟動觀點 開頭段Nowadays, a heated debate is springing up as toWhen it comes toAs is shown in the picture/ table above,With the development of It is generally believed that啟、承、轉、合3承-內容承接 拓展段首先,第一: firstly/ above all/ to begin with/ first and foremost/ in the first place/ o

2、n the one hand/ for one thing其次，第二: secondly/ besides/ in addition/ furthermore/moreover/ whats more/ in the second place/ on the other hand/ for another最后，第三: at last/ the last but not the least/ even more,even worse/ more importantly啟、承、轉、合4承-內容承接 拓展段中間過渡：in the meantime/ meanwhile/ as a matter of

3、 fact/ in fact/ actually/ obviously/ undoubtedly/ no doubt/ in particular/ to be specific/ similarly/ luckily/ in other words/ at the same time/ the same is also true of ,for/ for instance/ for example 啟、承、轉、合5轉-語義轉折 拓展段轉折：however/ otherwise/ nevertheness/ conversely/ on the contrary/ unfortunately/

4、 unlike/ whereas/ yet/ by contrast/ instead/ the reverse is also true啟、承、轉、合6合-總結概括 結尾段因此：accordingly/ consequently/ as a consequence/ as a result/ therefore/ thus/ hence總之：by and large/ in general/ on the whole/ generally speaking結論：in short/ in brief/ in a word/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ on the ba

5、sis of the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that/ given all the above factors,/ with the advantages and disadvantages weighed啟、承、轉、合7七、寫作的八大問題及對策6、語言的修補糾錯問題檢查流程的6個環(huán)節(jié)：1）主謂一致2）時態(tài)：議論文常采用現(xiàn)在時3）冠詞：a/ an /the4) 名詞單復數(shù)5）介詞搭配6）拼寫錯誤 8七、寫作的八大問題及對策7、語言的升級替換問題表明、揭示: showindicate, reveal, reflect, demonstr

6、ate, convey the message that, imply, suggest, illustrate重要的：importantbe of great importance, significant, vital, essential, critical, crucial, play a role in, should be taken seriously, importance should be attached to9七、寫作的八大問題及對策7、語言的升級替換問題極大的：great increaseSharp, dramatic, significant, enormous,

7、numerous, considerable, profound認為：thinkBelieve, be convinced, suppose, assume, guess, reckon, insist, maintain, argue, claim, in ones opinion, be of the opinion/view that, hold the view that, as far as be concerned, in my eyes 10七、寫作的十大問題及對策8、語言的書寫問題 書寫工整 11起始段寫法拓展段寫法結尾段寫法第二部分 段落（十種段落句型）12一、話題引出段/現(xiàn)

8、象、現(xiàn)狀說明段oNowadays/ Currently, there is a great/wide/widespread concern over the issue ofoPeople in growing numbers are directing their attention to oWith the development of , the issue/ problem of has aroused deep concern from the public.oWith the rapidly growing popularity of .in china, the quality

9、of our lives is improving for the better.oThere is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of. Those who object toargue that. But people who favor, on the other hand, argue that 起始段寫法（2種）13一、話題引出段/現(xiàn)象、現(xiàn)狀說明段6. With the rapid development of science and technology, the quality of our lives is impro

10、ving for the better.7. With the rapid growth of our economy/market economy, an increasing number of problems, such as., are beginning to surface/ emerge/occur./an increasing number of people come to realize that 8. When it comes to, peoples notion may vary from one to another.9. when it comes to .,

11、most people belive that But other people argue that 起始段寫法（2種）14一、話題引出段/現(xiàn)象、現(xiàn)狀說明段10. .has become an increasingly important issue over which opinion is divided. 11. Different people have different attitudes towards Some are in favor of while others are against. 12. One thing that almost everyone is agr

12、eed on, including all of us, is that 13. As far as Im concerned, I am inclinded to support the latter view that 14.It is a striking fact that It is a undenying that. It is inescapable fact that 起始段寫法（2種）15一、觀點對比段 Currently, opposite views are presented in the debate. Some people firmly believe that.

13、 On the contrary, quite a few people argue that拓展段寫法(5種)16二、利弊列舉段 Every coin has two sides and this issue is no exception. Above all, In addition ,However, the negative elements should not be neglected not only but also even worse.拓展段寫法(5種)17三、舉例論證段oFor instanceoTake for a exampleoA case in point is

14、1.The thought-provoking saying can be best illustrated by the following examples.拓展段寫法(5種)18四、原因列舉段 1. Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it.2. Considering every aspect of the issue, we may attribute the sharp change to three factors.拓展段寫法(5種)19五、

15、意義闡釋段oThe purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid tooThe fact/ phenomenon that indicates/ reveals that.1.What is conveyed in the picture goes far beyond merely an issue of Instead, it carries the message that 拓展段寫法(5種)20一、歸納結論段oAs a result/ consequence,oIn conclusion,

16、oIn my opinion,oAs far as I am concerned,oOn the basis of / taking into account all the factors above, we may draw a conclusion thato Trough the above-mentioned analysis, we have no difficulties in drawing the conclusion that 1.From the above discussion, we can easily conclude that both proponents a

17、nd opponents ofhave their respective reasons and justifications. However, as a supporter/opponent of , I would like to stand by/support/ aprove of 結論段寫法(3種)21二、預測趨勢段 There is no denying that the tendency of increase/decline reflected from the chart will continue in the future.結論段寫法(3種)22一、觀點對比型基本模式：

18、熱門話題，利弊共存，觀點針鋒相對，考生闡述個人見解Where to LiveIn the City or the Country? oOutline: 1. Conveniences of the cityo 2. Attractions of the countryo 3. Disadvantages of botho 4. My preference第三部分 作文四大主題題型 23一、觀點對比型Where to LiveIn the City or the Country?都市生活優(yōu)勢 發(fā)達的教育(advanced level of education) 便捷的交通(convenient

19、transportation) 繁榮的商業(yè)(prosperous business) 豐富的文化娛樂(rich cultural life)第三部分 作文四大主題題型 24一、觀點對比型Where to LiveIn the City or the Country? 鄉(xiāng)村生活優(yōu)勢 close to nature, fresh air, quiet and relaxing, idyllic and simple way of life, carefree都市生活劣勢 polluted, crowded, noisy, pressures, temptations第三部分 作文四大主題題型 25

20、鄉(xiāng)村生活劣勢 boring, idle, sluggish, isolated from the outside world, inconvenient daily life我的選擇自由選擇，但是必須聲明喜好原因，自圓其說一、觀點對比型26o觀點對比型作文模板觀點對比型作文模板oTopic: Topic: 參考的內容oWhen it comes to , odifferent people hold different views . 兩種觀點針對的爭論焦點oSome contend that . 觀點一oFor one thing, . 觀點一的理由1oFor another, . 觀點二的

21、理由2o oIn spite of all these claims, others maintain that . 與觀點一對立的觀點二oThey point out that . 觀點二的理由1oAnother instance cited often is that . 觀點二的理由2 oIts no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.oAs for me, theres some truth to both arguments . oIts advisable to . 個人的結論 一、觀點對比型27句型參考：Th

22、e advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.Obviously, it has both negative effects and positive effects.There are advantages and disadvantages.Like anything else, it has its faults.Nothing can equalNothing is morethan一、觀點對比型28句型參考：句型參考：兩者相同 A is notany more than B The same is true of A and B have s

23、everal things in common A bears some resemblances to B兩者不同 A, whereas B A and B differ in several ways一、觀點對比型29補充練習oWhich to celebrate-West Festivals or Chinese Festivals?oCyber-caf- A Blessing or Curse?oPrivate Cars-Advantages or Disadvantages?一、觀點對比型30基本模式：以闡釋現(xiàn)象、分析原因、闡述觀點為主Advertisements on TVTopi

24、c sentence: Today, more and more advertisements are seen on TV screen. Outline: 1、current state現(xiàn)狀 2、reasons 原因 3、My comments 我的評論二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型31Cultures-National and International Outline:1describe the picture and interpret its meaning; 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. 圖畫作文的審題方式：以小見大，把握象征意義二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型3

25、2Cultures-National and International寫作提綱：第一段：詳細描述圖畫信息（外貌，表情，服飾）第二段：圖畫揭示，隨著中國國際地位不斷提高，博大精深的中國文化吸引外國友人，通過文化交流，民族文化具有世界意義第三段：提出文化交流使不同文化相互取長補短，共同發(fā)展，同時也提高了不同國家人民的審美情趣，開闊了視野。二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型33第一段：The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl dressed in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her fa

26、ce . She wears a pearl necklace, colorful ribbon, ear rings, and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a Chinese minority nationality. Undoubtedly, the costume has added oriental glamour to her beautiful features二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型34第二段：The picture tells that traditional Chinese culture ap

27、peals to foreigner. Since the successful application for hosting the Olympic Games in 2008 and the entrance into World Trade Organizatin, China has attracted more and more attention in the international community. 二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型35第三段：Chinese civilization , a creation of unremitting efforts over 5000 years,

28、 appeals to foreigners to such a degree that they appreciate not only our food but also our costumes, arts and so on as well. Chinese culture is not only national but also international.二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型36第四段：Cultural exchange certainly has much to offer. It is by no means a process of losing ones own culture

29、 to a foreign culture, but the one of enching a nations own culture. It can be said that cultural exchange will not result in the disappearance of the particular features of each culture. On the contrary, by exchanging and communicating, people all over the world could learn from each other. Thus, t

30、he vision of people will be broadened and their taste for arts improved. There is no doubt that cultural exchange between peoples and nations is helpful to each culture and each country.二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型37o現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板oTopic: Topic: 參考的內容o Recently, . 描述現(xiàn)象，引起話題o What amazes us most is . 表現(xiàn)較為典型的一個方面o It

31、is true that . 對于現(xiàn)象做出的評論o There are many reasons explaining . 承上啟下,解釋這一現(xiàn)象的原因oThe main reason is . 說明原因一oWhat is more, . 原因二oThirdly, . 原因三oAs a result, . 講述導致的結果o Considering all these, . 作者的態(tài)度oFor one thing, . 觀點一o11For another, . 11觀點二o12In conclusion, . 12總結全文二、現(xiàn)象闡釋型38通過漫畫諷刺現(xiàn)實，針砭時弊，建議措施為主基本模式：擺出現(xiàn)

32、實中人類所制造的社會或環(huán)境生態(tài)問題（用主題、情景、圖表或漫畫），讓考生描述現(xiàn)狀或圖表、分析數(shù)據(jù)，推理漫畫作者的真實意圖并提出可能解決措施。第一段：描述情景現(xiàn)狀/圖畫/圖表的內容第二段：指出問題所在（作者意圖）/分析問題原因第三段：給出解決措施三、問題解決型39世界商業(yè)捕魚簡史Outline:Describe the pictures. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures. Suggest counter-measures.三、問題解決型40世界商業(yè)捕魚簡史三、問題解決型41世界商業(yè)捕魚簡史第一段：In those pictures

33、we can see that a dramatic change has taken place in the world commercial fishing in the past century. When the fishing industry was not well developed in 1900, there were plenty of fish in the sea. However, 1995, with an ever-increasing number of fishing boats, few fish could be found. It is clear

34、that the abundant fishing resource has nearly been exhausted by over-fishing.三、問題解決型42世界商業(yè)捕魚簡史第二段：The drawer of the pictures intends to warn us that we should put an end to the uncontrolled commercial fishing before it is too late. We have to try our best to protect the natural resources while tryin

35、g to make money to live a better life.三、問題解決型43世界商業(yè)捕魚簡史第三段： I think we can take some effective measures to deal with the problem of over-fishing. On the one hand, stricter laws should be enforced to confine fishing in certain areas and seasons so that the fish can have enough time to reproduce itsel

36、f in mating seasons. On the other hand, the government should help people not only realize the value of limited natural resources but also cultivate a sense of social responsibility. Thus, we can keep a balance between the social development and the protection of natural resources.三、問題解決型44o問題解決型作文模

37、板問題解決型作文模板o Topic: Topic：參考的內容oWith the of ， . 問題出現(xiàn)的背景oSo it is of great importance for us to . 提出問題oOn the one hand, . 問題的后果一oOn the other hand, . 問題的后果二oHowever, we have figured out many . oways to . 提出解決這一問題的方法oFirstly, . 解決方法一oSo long as . 進一步說明方法一oSecondly, . 方法二oThirdly, . 方法三oIn fact, . 提出解決問

38、題的根本途徑o11That is because . 11支持句的理由o12In a word, . 12總結全文 三、問題解決型45基本模式：作者通過情景描述/圖畫/主題句提出一個重 要論點，往往提出的是積極的正面的思想， 讓考生加以舉例論證。特殊情況：情景說明，舉例論證段四、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型46四、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型47oDirections:oWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you shouldo1) describe the drawing bri

39、efly,o2) explain its intended meaning, and theno3) give your comments.四、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型48o范文：范文：o第一段：第一段：In the picture there are two handicapped men. When staggering alone, either one could hardly move a bit unless he relies on the crutches. However, when standing united with each other, they can stri

40、de ahead.四、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型49o范文：范文：o第二段：第二段：This picture is thought-provoking in that it reveals to us the importance of mutual help. Theres no doubt that no one is so advantageous that he could succeed in all aspects. Everyone, especially when he gets into trouble, needs to learn from others to offset

41、 his own weakness so as to fulfil the mission almost impossible. Take the two handicapped men in the picture as an example. Dont you believe mutual help can make them stand united, thus overcome the difficulties in walking forward? 四、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型50o范文：范文：o第三段：第三段：One more convincing example is the c

42、ooperation that was once held between the Communist Party and the Nationalist Party. When the Japanese invaded China in the 1930s and 1940s, the two parties were both in difficulty and danger. However, putting their disagreement aside, at least for the time being, they fought together and managed to

43、 drive the aggressors away from the homeland. Could such a huge victory be obtained with one party fighting and the other standing aside? Thats actually the case we can come across much often in our life. Therefore, it is of great importance to cooperate with others and work together with others. 四、

44、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型51o觀點論證型作文模板觀點論證型作文模板oTopic: _ Topic：參考的內容oIt is well known that . 提出觀點oThe truth of it is self-evident.oNo one can deny . 觀點的理論依據(jù)oTherefore, . 證明觀點的正確性o oMany examples can be found to prove . 提出事實，論證觀點oTake as a typical example. 提出具體的例子oPeople . 人們的習慣做法oFurthermore, . 其他相關的事實o oIt goes

45、without saying that . 該觀點在日常生活中的體現(xiàn)o oThen, . 重申該觀點的正確性o11There is no doubt that . 11得出結論o12In conclusion, . 12總結全文四、觀點論證型四、觀點論證型52 萬能句型萬能句型英語寫作的英語寫作的12種句型模版種句型模版萬能字、詞、句升級萬能字、詞、句升級常用字、詞、句升級常用字、詞、句升級第四部分第四部分 萬能句型和句型模板萬能句型和句型模板531.The above-mentioned issue results from the following factors./ Many fact

46、ors are responsible for the problem. To begin with, _. Whats more, _. Last but not the least, _.2.There is no doubt that_.oNo one can deny that_.o It goes without saying that_.3. When it comes to the issue , different people have different opinions.4.Just as any coin has two sides. I believe there i

47、s some truth to both. If I am allowed to make a decision, I prefer _ to _ because _.5.sth. is an indispensable part of sth.萬能句型546.People can not imagine the world without_./ People can not imagine what the world would be like without_.7.In my view, we have to think carefully before we make the deci

48、sion to _. Question1 ? Question2 ? These questions need to be answered before we make the final decision.8.in all walks of life9.As an old saying goes,10.Instead of doing sth, we should .rather than11.It is true that, but eg. It is true that we cant do anything without money, but money is not everyt

49、hing.12.attach great importance to sth.萬能句型5513. is a hot issue14. satisfy/meet ones needs and desires15.sth. benefit sb.= sth. do good to sb. sb. benefit from sth. sb. receive benefit from/by sth. sth/it. is beneficial to sth./sb.16.The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety

50、of have been arising from all walks of life.17.try every means to do sth./strive to do sth.18.sb. do sth., while sb. others do sth. else19.it is supposed to do sth. 20. play a significant role in 萬能句型56英語寫作的12種句型模版o1表示原因表示原因 o1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3

51、）The reason for this is obvious 4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are

52、well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 57英語寫作的12種句型模版o2表示好處表示好處 1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例如： Book

53、s are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us 58英語寫作的12種句型模版o3表示壞處表示壞處 1）It has more disadvantages than o advantages 2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmful to us 例如： However，everythin

54、g divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television 59英語寫作的12種句型模版o4表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， o possible）for sbto do sth 2）We think it necessary to d

55、o sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have st

56、epped into the Computer Age 60英語寫作的12種句型模版o5表示措施表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the o difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are o confronted（faced）with 例如： The housing problem that we are

57、confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it 61英語寫作的12種句型模版o6表示變化表示變化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds o communications 3）The computer has brought about many

58、 changes in o education 例如： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins62英語寫作的12種句型模版o7表示事實、現(xiàn)狀表示

59、事實、現(xiàn)狀 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people o are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve th

60、ese problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment 63英語寫作的12種句型模版o8表示比較表示比較 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3）There is a striking contrast between th