新視界大學英語綜合教程2_unit3(1)

1、Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point Hard NewsHard NewsWarming up headlines (標題), news stories, letters, editorials (社論), features (特寫報道),

2、pictures, reviews (評論文章), film and television listings, advertisements, comic strips (連環(huán)漫畫), cartoons, puzzles, weather forecasts, financial figures, sports results etc1. What you can find in a newspaper? Work in pairs and discuss the questions.Warming upCCTV International, China Daily, Peoples Dail

3、y, China Radio International, Shanghai Daily, South China Morning Post, Xinhua News Agency2. Name some Chinese news sources in EnglishSome English-language newspapers worth mentioning may be: The Times (泰晤士報), The Guardian (衛(wèi)報, Financial Times (UK) (金融時報), The Wall Street Journal (華爾街日報), The New Yo

4、rk Times (紐約時報), International Herald Tribune (USA) (國際先驅論壇報).3. Name some famous international newspapers. Warming up Work in pairs. Look at the first sentence of the passage and decide which is the main responsibility of a journalist.What is the responsibility of a journalist? 1 to tell the truth

5、2 to simplify things so that people will understand easily 3 to use a style people will enjoy reading 4 to do what the editor has asked 5 to find out as much as possible about the topic 6 not to get involved personally in the news eventNow read the passage and compare your ideas with the writers.Ski

6、mming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 51.TaskTask Choose the best summary of the passage.1. Journalists are human beings like the rest of us. We cannot expect them to be completely objective when faced with difficult s

7、ituations, and we cannot expect their reports to be completely accurate as a result. Skimming2. Journalists sometimes have to make difficult decisions about how, and what, to report. It is important for everyone to realize how difficult these decisions are, and to recognize that editors and readers

8、should share part of the responsibility for these decisions too.3. In extreme situations, journalists should be prepared not to report the news as it happens. These situations may instead require them to help people in difficulty, or to take decisions about how far they can try and find out about pe

9、oples private lives. The best summary is: 2.Skimming Answer the questions.1 What is the meaning of hard in the title “Hard news”?Hard news, in comparison with soft news, consists of factual, up-to-the-minute accounts of events taking place. But the writer is also making use of the meaning “difficult

10、”. Journalists need to take difficult decisions. Skimming2 Which three typical difficult situations does the writer refer to? Stopping illegal executions or simply photographing them; revealing the name of a source of a story who will get into trouble as a result, or refusing to do so; publishing or

11、 not a photograph of a celebrity in a private moment. To sum up, the three Situations are: getting involved or staying neutral; protecting sources or revealing them; revealing private matters of famous people or not.Skimming3 What is the job of a journalist, at first sight?To record whats happening,

12、 accurately and based on facts.4 What are journalists in danger of losing if they do this job? They may lose their humanity, sympathetic attitude to other people.Skimming5 Which two real news events does the writer refer to?The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald and the death of Princess Diana in a car c

13、rash.6 Which are the three qualities the news media should have?Being professional, reliable and responsible to the public.7 Why is The New York Times sometimes slower in publishing news than its rivals?It likes to take time to check for accuracy.Hard News譯文譯文Digging1 What is the responsibility of a

14、 journalist? Is it to inform their readers? Or is it to please their editor? Is it to remain on the side of the law, at all costs? Or is it simply to write a good story? Or is there some responsibility to behave as a human being, whatever the cost or the danger? 2 Here are a few dilemmas some journa

15、lists have faced.3 A photographer in a war zone takes photos of an army officer executing rebel soldiers. Its possible that he might have been able to stop the officer shooting the prisoners. But he chose to honour his responsibilities towards his editor and the newspaper readers, which was to repor

16、t what was happening. Should he have got involved, or was he simply doing his job?Digging4 A journalist is investigating a major fraud in a big city bank. A bank employee reveals to her the method by which the crime was committed, and the identities of the criminals. In doing so, the employee admits

17、 his own minor implication in the crime. The police launch their own investigation, and ask the journalist to reveal the name of her source. She refuses, claiming that her professional standards oblige her to protect her sources. Should she be praised for her principles, or charged with preventing t

18、he police from solving the crime?譯文譯文Digging5 A newspaper publishes photos of a well-known film actor whose career is promoted by her frequent appearances in the media. On this occasion, the photos were taken while the actor was on holiday in a private home abroad. The actor intends to take the news

19、paper to court for invasion of her private life. Is the newspaper simply doing what its readers expect it to do, or is the actor entitled to separate her private from her public life?譯文譯文Digging6 What do you think? 7 The ethical responsibility of the journalist is endlessly discussed, both in genera

20、l, and in particular cases. At first, the answer seems simple: The journalists job is to record whats happening, accurately and based on facts. 譯文譯文Digging8 But sometimes doing a journalists job is at the cost of their humanity. When Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald, the man arrested for killing Pre

21、sident John F Kennedy, a photographer was present. But could he have dropped his camera and stopped Ruby from firing his gun? And if he had done so, would we know more about who ordered the killing of the president than we do now? 譯文譯文Digging9 And were the photographers ethically right to pursue Pri

22、ncess Diana and her partner in order to obtain photos at such speeds as to cause her car to crash? Or was it a fair and reasonable news story which respected the readers right to know about a relationship affecting the state of the British royal family?譯文譯文Digging10 So should the journalist always s

23、tand back and watch while people kill each other, or should they ever get involved as human beings?譯文譯文Digging11 Clearly, the journalists code of practice varies from country to country. Yet most acknowledge the need to report a story accurately, to provide proof of any claims or protect their sourc

24、es, and to correct mistakes. The news media relies on their journalists behaviour in order to support its three most important assets: being professional, reliable and responsible to the public. 譯文譯文DiggingSome newspapers, such as The New York Times, recognize the potential for conflict between the

25、need for speed and accuracy, and tend to publish important stories more slowly than their competitors.譯文譯文Digging12 So, the ethical responsibility of a journalist is not quite as simple as it first appears. And its a responsibility that needs to be shared.13 It needs to be shared by the editors, who

26、 sometimes show shots of dead enemy soldiers, in order to convey the tragedy of the war, but not to show shots of our own dead soldiers, for fear of offending both their relatives and the readers.譯文譯文Digging譯文譯文Digging14 It needs to be shared by the owners of media organizations, who may accept adve

27、rtising from unethical companies. They do this in order to appeal to the people who hold investments in the organization. Otherwise, they will not have the finances to pursue their mission to explain.Digging16 We all need to accept that a journalist is not simply a hunting dog chasing a good story t

28、o be consumed like dead meat by the strong, at the expense of the weak. We need to accept that both workers in the media, and its consumers, the audience and readers, are above all human beings a characteristic which we all rm釋義釋義vt. to officially tell someone something or give them inform

29、ation about something 通知；告知例句例句The President has been fully informed of developments. 已經(jīng)向總統(tǒng)匯報了事態(tài)的全部進展。 翻譯翻譯WordsWordsThe manager promised to keep me informed of how our business was going on. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題真題例句例句Please inform us of any change of address as soon as pos

30、sible. 地址如有變更，請盡早通知我們。 翻譯翻譯dilemma 釋義釋義n. C a situation in which you have to make a difficult decision 窘境；困境 例句例句 Im in a dilemma over whether to tell him or not. 我進退兩難，不知道是否該告訴他。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Many single parents struggle with the dilemma of dividing time between work and children. 許多單身父母在給工作和給

31、子女的時間分配上處于兩難境地。翻譯翻譯execute 釋義釋義vt. to kill someone as a punishment for a crime 處死；處決 例句例句The general was executed for war crimes. 將軍因戰(zhàn)爭罪被處死。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句He said nobody had been executed as a direct result of the events. 他說沒有人直接因為那些事件而被處死。 翻譯翻譯rebel釋義釋義1a. (only before noun) relating to rebels

32、or their activities 反叛（者）的；造反（者）的 例句例句rebel troops叛軍翻譯翻譯WordsWordsrebel釋義釋義2n. C someone who tries to remove a government or leader using force 造反者；反叛者 例句例句They sent in troops to back the rebels. 他們派來軍隊支持叛亂分子。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Anti-government rebels have seized the radio station. 反政府的叛亂分子占領了電臺。 翻譯翻

33、譯釋義釋義例句例句Recently there have been widespread credit card fraud. 最近各地頻繁出現(xiàn)信用卡詐騙事件。翻譯翻譯WordsWordsn. C, U the crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them 詐騙；欺詐fraud例句例句The police arrested him for tax fraud. 警方因他在納稅上的欺詐行為把他逮捕了。 翻譯翻譯minor 釋義釋義a. not very important 較不重要的；次要的例句例句We made a few min

34、or changes to the plan. 這個計劃我們作了一些小小的修改。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯Most of the passengers suffered only minor injuries. 大部分乘客只受了點輕傷。 真題真題The flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Listening comprehension)oblige 釋義釋義vt. (usu passive) to

35、 force someone to do something because it is the law, a rule, or a duty 迫使例句例句You are legally obliged to pay this fine. 從法律上講，你有義務繳納這筆罰款。 翻譯翻譯WordsWordsThe law obliges parents to send their children to school.法律規(guī)定父母有讓子女接受教育的義務。例句例句翻譯翻譯charge釋義釋義vt. to accuse someone officially of committing a crime

36、控告；指控例句例句Two men have been charged in connection with the fire. 兩個人被指控與火災有關。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句The prosecution charged that he had accepted a bribe. 檢察院起訴他收受賄賂。 翻譯翻譯media 釋義釋義n. C (the ) radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, and magazines, considered as a group 媒體；傳媒例句例句The media have launche

37、d a bitter attack on the Ministry of Railways. 大眾傳媒向鐵道部發(fā)起了猛烈攻擊。 翻譯翻譯WordsWordsThis research has attracted wide media coverage and has featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure )真題真題例句例句There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding. 媒體大張旗鼓地報道了這場婚禮。 翻譯

38、翻譯court 釋義釋義n. C, U a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided 法庭；法院例句例句They tried to settle the case out of court. 這個案子他們試圖庭外和解。翻譯翻譯WordsWordsI would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題真題例句例句I dont think

39、 that argument would stand up in a court of law. 我認為這個論據(jù)在法庭上是站不住腳的。 翻譯翻譯entitle釋義釋義vt. to give someone the right to do something 給（某 人）權利；給（某人）資格例句例句Only full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance. 只有全職雇員才有資格獲得健康保險。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Membership entitles you to the full use of our f

40、itness facilities. 會員可以使用我們這兒的所有健身器材。 翻譯翻譯Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題真題ethical釋義釋義a. involving the principles used for deciding what is right and what is wrong 倫理的；道德的 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsI

41、s it ethical to use drugs to control prisoners behaviour? 用藥物來控制犯人的行為合乎道德嗎？ unethical反義詞反義詞例句例句翻譯翻譯The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical questions. 在科學實驗中使用動物引發(fā)了一些難以解決的道德問題。 arrest釋義釋義vt. if the police arrest someone, they take that person to a police station because t

42、hey believe he or she has committed a crime 逮捕；拘捕；拘留 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsThe policeman arrested the drunk for disturbing the peace. 警察以擾亂治安罪逮捕了那個醉漢。 Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. (Jun. 1997, CET-4, Listening comprehension)真題真題例句例句翻譯

43、翻譯Police made 20 arrests at yesterdays demonstration. 昨天的示威游行中，警察逮捕了20人。 royal 釋義釋義a. relating to a king or queen or the members of their family 國王的；女王的；王室的 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsOpposition within the royal family was crushed. 王族內(nèi)的反對派被清除了。 真題真題Lets go and see a new movie at the Royal Theatre. I hear its

44、 a real story of two prison breakers. (Jan. 1998, CET-4, Listening Comprehension) 例句例句翻譯翻譯The Summer Palace, which used to be a royal garden, is my favourite park. 頤和園是我最喜歡的公園，它以前是座皇家園林。 code 釋義釋義n. C a set of rules about how something should be done or how people should behave 準 則； 規(guī) 范；行為規(guī)則例句例句翻譯翻譯

45、WordsWordsThe profession has a strict code of practice. 這個專業(yè)有嚴格的行業(yè)守則。 they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. (Jan. 2002, CET-4, Reading comprehension) 真題真題例句例句翻譯翻譯Parents should help to teach children a strong moral code. 家長應幫助教育孩子們形成嚴格的道德規(guī)范

46、。proof釋義釋義n. C, U information or evidence that shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists 證據(jù)；證物；證詞 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords要享受打折優(yōu)惠，你必須證明你的學生身份。 To receive the discount, you must show proof of student status. We have no proof that any of these well-known conversations actually took place,

47、 but we are prepared to believe that they did. (Jan. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題真題例句例句翻譯翻譯你有什么證據(jù)證明這個人偷了你的包嗎？ Do you have any proof that this man stole your bag? convey釋義釋義vt. to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly （間接 地）表達，傳達（思想或感情）例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords她總是對自己的工作表現(xiàn)出一股熱情。 She always con

48、veys a sense of enthusiasm for her work. Jans office conveyed an impression of efficiency and seriousness. 例句例句翻譯翻譯簡的辦公室給人留下高效和莊重的印象。 offend 釋義釋義vt. to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying something 冒犯；得罪；使生氣例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords電視節(jié)目審查官正在剪掉一些他們稱可能會引起冒犯的鏡頭。 Television censors are cutting out

49、scenes which they claim may offend. 例句例句翻譯翻譯他為自己發(fā)表的評論道歉并說他無意冒犯該團體。 He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of offending the community. privacy釋義釋義n. U the freedom to do things without other people watching you or knowing what you are doing 獨處；個人自由；隱私 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords他們不希望他們的個人隱

50、私受到記者們的侵犯。 They dont want their privacy invaded by reporters. 例句例句翻譯翻譯在個人家里安放竊聽器是對個人私生活的侵犯。 A hidden microphone in a persons home is an invasion of privacy. chase 釋義釋義v. to follow someone or something quickly in order to catch them 追逐；追趕；追蹤 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords警察沿街追趕小偷。The police chased the thief down

51、 the street. They decided to chase the cow away before it did more damage. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題真題例句例句翻譯翻譯外面院子里，孩子們叫喊著在互相追逐。 Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing each other. at all costs / at any cost 釋義釋義used for saying that something must be done however diff

52、icult it is or however much damage it causes 不惜一切代價This relentless pursuit of economic growth at any cost is questionable. 不惜一切代價追求經(jīng)濟增長的做法是有問題的。PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯TextWe will save his life at all costs. 我們將不惜一切代價挽救他的生命。例句例句翻譯翻譯釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯如果你不還清欠款，我就到法院告你。take sb to court to begin a case against

53、someone 把某人送上法庭PhrasesPhrasesIf you do not pay up, I will take you to court. 例句例句翻譯翻譯我們決定不起訴他們，免得惹事生非。We decided to let sleeping dogs lie and not take them to court. 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯be entitled to do sth to give someone the official right to do something 使（某人）有權利做某事 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯He is entitled

54、to attend the conference. 他有資格參加這個會議。 Im entitled to apply for citizenship. 我有資格申請公民身份。 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯 一般說來，從暴富到破產(chǎn)會經(jīng)歷四個階段。 in general In general, there seem to be four stages to the flush and crash. as a whole, without giving details 總的來說 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯The plant or animal has, in general, the

55、power of reproduction. 一般說來，動植物都有生殖能力。 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯外科醫(yī)生一般不給親人動手術，因為他們得置身事外保持冷靜。 stand back Surgeons usually avoid to do operation for their relativesas they have to stand back to stay calm. to not let yourself be influenced by your feelings about a situation so that you can think about it more clear

56、ly 置身于一定距離之外（考慮事物）PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯It is very difficult for parents to stand back when they see their child bullied by other kids.當看到孩子被別的小孩欺負事，家長很難做到置身之外。 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯因為害怕隔墻有耳，我們連說話也得放低聲音。for fear of We hush our voices for fear of being heard. (doing) sth in case you make something bad happen

57、生怕；以免 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯For fear of accidents, the driver drove very slowly. 因害怕發(fā)生事故，這位司機開得很慢。釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯他以損害健康為代價完成了那件工作。at the expense ofHe finished the job at the expense of his health. if something is done at the expense of someone or something else, it is only achieved by harming the other

58、 person or thing 以為代價PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯Dont profit yourself at the expense of others. 不要損人利己。釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯我們希望你學習新的技術，遇到新朋友，最重要的是讓自己開心。 above all We hope you will learn new skills, meet new people, and above all enjoy yourself. used for referring to something that is more important than any of th

59、e other things you could mention 首先；首要的是PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯This bike is light, strong and, above all, inexpensive.這部腳踏車既輕又堅固，最重要的是價格不貴。Culture pointsCulture pointsJohn F Kennedy (約翰F肯尼迪) (19171963) was President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in D

60、allas, Texas on 22 November 1963. His death shocked the whole of America.記者的責任是什么？是向讀者告知信息？還是記者的責任是什么？是向讀者告知信息？還是讓主編滿意？是不惜任何代價站在法律的一邊？還讓主編滿意？是不惜任何代價站在法律的一邊？還是只管寫一則好的新聞故事？或者說他們是不是有是只管寫一則好的新聞故事？或者說他們是不是有責任遵循人的行為規(guī)范，不管要付出多大的代價，責任遵循人的行為規(guī)范，不管要付出多大的代價，冒著多大的危險？冒著多大的危險？這里有幾例記者們遭遇過的左右為難的情形。這里有幾例記者們遭遇過的左右為難的情形