人教新課標(biāo)高中英語核心詞匯中英文釋義及例句選修10第3單元

1、靜寧一中 夏青鋒人教新課標(biāo)高中英語核心詞匯釋義及例句選修10第3單元靜寧一中 夏青鋒trolleybus (0)an electrically driven public-transport vehicle that does not run on rails but takes its power from an overhead wire through a trolley(Cambridge)n. 無軌電車 We went by trolleybus .我們是乘無軌電車去的。Youll have to change to the trolleybus next stop. 你下一站得改乘

2、無軌電車。 (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒register (48)a book or record containing a list of namesGuests write their names in the (hotel) register. |Is your name on the register of voters?(Cambridge)to put information, especially your name, into an official list or recordn. 登記 vt. 登記；注冊(cè) reg, rect=rule, guide, govern畫直線，引

3、導(dǎo)，治理；-ion名詞后Did you register your business?你的商店注冊(cè)了嗎？This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter! (nce2)They also have the potential to provide a unique window on universities that offer popular and valuable courses, they may attract some participants to register for

4、 formal fee-paying programmes at the same or other universities and are likely to promote ne (2013hn)靜寧一中 夏青鋒boycott (1)to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapprovalPeople were urged to boycott the countrys products. |The union called on its members

5、 to boycott the meeting.(Cambridge)refusal to deal or trade with (a person, country, etc); refusal to handle (goods)A boycott of/against goods from the EU began in June.(Cambridge)n. 抵制；排斥 We put the production under a boycott.我們聯(lián)合抵制該商品。The party boycotted the election in protest at alleged vote rig

6、ging. (詞典例句)There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but boys, it is all hell. -Willam Tecumsch ShermanBoys, be ambitious！ - William Smith Clark孩子們，要胸懷大志。 克拉克靜寧一中 夏青鋒prohibit (7)T often passive to officially forbid somethingMotor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town

7、centre. |The government introduced a law prohibiting tobacco advertisements on TV. |Parking is strictly prohibited between these gates.(Cambridge)to prevent a particular activity by making it impossibleThe loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs.(Cambridge)vt. 禁止；阻止 p

8、ro-= forward向前；hibitt=hold拿，持，握擋住Smoking is prohibited here.這里禁止吸煙。Local zoning laws prohibit building near property lines. 本地的規(guī)劃法禁止在地產(chǎn)邊界附近進(jìn)行建筑施工。 (詞典例句)Your item must not contain any dangerous articles prohibited by postal regulations. (2008sh)靜寧一中 夏青鋒offence (4)an illegal act; a crimea serious/min

9、or offence |a criminal/drink-driving offence |Driving without a licence is an offence. |He committed several serious offences. |Its the third time that hes been convicted of a drug offence.(Cambridge)to commit a crimeObviously if a police officer offends its a fairly serious matter.(Cambridge)n. 冒犯；

10、違法行為 of-(ob-)=against反對(duì)；fend, fenc=strike打擊對(duì)進(jìn)行打擊That offence is not justiciable in a federal court.那種違法行為不在聯(lián)邦法院受理范圍內(nèi)。I didnt mean any offence. It was a flippant, off-the-cuff remark. 我本無意冒犯，那不過是句脫口而出的冒失話。 (詞典例句)The standard deposit for a careless driving offence such as driving too close to the vehi

11、cle in front or reading a map at the wheelwill be 300. (2009fj)Offence is the best defence. 進(jìn)攻是最好的防御。靜寧一中 夏青鋒unjust (3)not fair(Cambridge)If you describe an action, system, or law as unjust, you think that it treats a person or group badly in a way that they do not deserve.The attack on Charles was

12、deeply unjust.|He spent 25 years campaigning against racist and unjust immigration laws.(Collins)adj. 不公平的；不公正的 見上；-an形容詞后綴，的；名詞后綴，表示人The sentence of six months imprisonment was most unjust.六個(gè)月監(jiān)禁的判決極其不公。The unjust peace agreement set the scene for another war. 這項(xiàng)不公平的和約為另一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)埋下了禍根。 (詞典例句)The adolesce

13、nt, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. (nce4)Prefer loss to unjust gain. 寧可受損失，休取不義財(cái)。靜寧一中 夏青鋒separation (9)U when two or more people or things are separatedDuring the war many couples had to en

14、dure long periods of separation (= not being together).|After many years the government finally abandoned its apartheid system of racial separation.(Cambridge)C or U an arrangement, often legal, by which two married people stop living together as husband and wifeCouples may agree to divorce each oth

15、er after a separation.|Theyre considering separation as an option.(Cambridge)n. 分離；分開 se-=away, apart分開；par=equal相等；-ate動(dòng)詞后綴，使Separation from her children was a terrible wrench.同她的孩子們分離是一項(xiàng)很大的痛苦。They were reunited after a separation of more than 20 years. (詞典例句)The separation between us has proved to

16、 be blessing for me. (2014tj)靜寧一中 夏青鋒seize on (0)If you seize on something or seize upon it, you show great interest in it, often because it is useful to you.Newspapers seized on the results as proof that global warming wasnt really happening.(Collins)recognize sth and exploit it, use it, etc eagerl

17、y and at once 意識(shí)到某事物而立即加以利用She seized on my suggestion and began work immediately. 她采納了我的建議, 馬上干了起來。 |The critics seized on my mistake and said I was ignorant. 批評(píng)我的人抓住了我的錯(cuò)誤就硬說我一無所知。(Oxford)抓住 Well seize on this chance.我們要抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。The government now hopes to seize the initiative on education. 如今政府希望抓住教

18、育上的主動(dòng)權(quán)。 (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒collision (2)C or U an accident that happens when two vehicles hit each other with forceThere has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the motorway.|Two drivers were killed in a head-on (= direct) collision between a car and a taxi last night.|The cyclist was in collis

19、ion with a bus.(Cambridge)C a strong disagreementThere was a collision of interests/opinions.(Oxford)n. 碰撞；沖突 col-(com-)=together一起；lid=strike撞The car was completely wrecked by the force of the collision.這輛汽車受到很大的撞擊力而完全損壞。He heard tires squeal as the car braked to avoid a collision. 為避免相撞而剎車時(shí)，他聽到了輪胎

20、與地面刺耳的摩擦聲。 (詞典例句)After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. (nce3)Football isnt a contact sport; its a collision sport. Dancing is a contact sport. -Duffy Daugherty靜寧一中 夏青鋒collision course (0)If two or more people or things are on a collision course, t

21、here is likely to be a sudden and violent disagreement between them.The two communities are now on a collision course.|Britains universities are set on a collision course with the government.(Collins)If two or more people or things are on a collision course, they are likely to meet and crash into ea

22、ch other violently.There is an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth.(Collins)沖突（的進(jìn)程或行動(dòng)） The Government and the unions are on a collision course.政府和工會(huì)必將發(fā)生沖突.There is an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth. 有一顆小行星可能會(huì)與地球發(fā)生碰撞。 (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒chaos (4)a state of total confusion and lack

23、 of orderSnow and ice have caused chaos on the roads.|Ever since our secretary walked out, the office has been in a state of total/utter chaos.|We muddled up the name labels and chaos ensued (= resulted).(Cambridge)(Collins)n. 混亂 cent, cant發(fā)聲，唱；cchAfter the failure of the electricity supplies the ci

24、ty was in chaos.電力供應(yīng)中斷，城市陷于混亂之中。Whatever troubles arise, well have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos. 無論出現(xiàn)什么樣的麻煩，我們都會(huì)在貌似混亂的情形中保持平和的心態(tài)。 (詞典例句)Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. (nce3)One must have chaos in ones soul to give birth to a da

25、ncing star. -Friedrich NietzscheChaos in the world brings uneasiness, but it also allows the opportunity for creativity and growth. -Tom Barrett世界上的混亂引發(fā)了不安，但它也給創(chuàng)造和成長(zhǎng)提供了機(jī)會(huì)。湯姆巴雷特靜寧一中 夏青鋒sandal (1)a light shoe, especially worn in warm weather, consisting of a bottom part held onto the foot by strapsa p

26、air of sandals |open-toed sandals(Cambridge)n. 涼鞋 She wears sandals every day in summer.夏天她每天都穿涼鞋。Sandals are light shoes that you wear in warm weather, which have straps instead of a solid part over the top of your foot. (定義)They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal str

27、ap you might as well just throw away the pair. (2006gd)靜寧一中 夏青鋒punctual (16)arriving, doing something or happening at the expected, correct time; not latea punctual start to the meeting |Hes fairly punctual (= He usually arrives on time)(Cambridge)adj. 守時(shí)的；準(zhǔn)時(shí)的 punct=point, prick點(diǎn)，刺；-ual形容詞后綴，的著于一點(diǎn)的不

28、偏不差的He is always very punctual .他總是非常準(zhǔn)時(shí)。Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. (nce3)Punctuality is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others time. (2014zj)靜寧一中 夏青鋒pedestrian (13)a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles goA

29、few pedestrians carrying their evening shopping sheltered from the rain in doorways.|The death rate for pedestrians hit by cars is unacceptably high.(Cambridge)n. 步行者 ped=foot腳，足行走、步行Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver.做一個(gè)好的行人就像做一個(gè)好的司機(jī)一樣重要。If portfolio, alongside your

30、 more pedestrian in vestments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. (nce4)Pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006. (2009sc)靜寧一中 夏青鋒march (40)I or T to walk with regular steps keeping the body stiff, usually in a fo

31、rmal group of people who are all walking in the same wayThe band marched through the streets.|The soldiers marched 90 miles in three days.(Cambridge)to walk somewhere quickly and in a determined way, often because you are angryShe marched into my office demanding to know why I hadnt written my repor

32、t.(Cambridge)vi. 行軍；前進(jìn) The troops marched on.部隊(duì)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. (nce3)The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps,

33、and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. (2009hb)靜寧一中 夏青鋒salute (3)(especially of people in the armed forces) to make a formal sign of respect to someone, especially by raising the right hand to the side of the headWhenever you see an officer, you

34、 must salute.|The soldiers saluted the colonel when he arrived.(Cambridge)The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it. |Full military honours and a 21-gun salute (= 21 guns fired at the same time) marked his funeral.(Cambridge)vt. & vi. 行禮致敬；敬禮 The soldiers salute the officer.士兵們向軍官舉手敬禮。Th

35、en the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. (nce4)As a second lieutenant, he had to salute damned near everybody. 身為少尉，他幾乎是逢人便得敬禮。 (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒hostility (0) (to/towards sb/sth) (a) being hostile (to sb/sth); antagonism; enmityfeelings of hostility 敵

36、對(duì)情緒 |feel no hostility towards anyone 對(duì)任何人均無敵意 |show hostility to sb/sth 對(duì)某人某事物表示敵意(Oxford)n. 敵意；惡意 Every new wave of immigrants is met with hostility by the old.每一次新的移民浪潮都會(huì)引起老移民的敵意。Theres still an atmosphere of great hostility and tension in the city. 強(qiáng)烈的敵對(duì)和緊張氣氛依然籠罩著這座城市。 (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒prayer (0)C

37、the words that someone says or thinks when they are prayinga prayer of thanks |She always says her prayers (= prays) before she goes to sleep.|We thought hed been killed, but our prayers were answered when he arrived home unexpectedly. |a prayer book(Cambridge)U the act or ceremony in which someone

38、praysI found her kneeling in prayer at the back of the church.|The prisoners find their only solace in prayer.(Cambridge)n. 祈禱 The power of the prayer comes from the insight of human nature.祈禱的力量來自于人性深處。It is real prayer, and not mechanical repetition. 這是真正的祈禱，不是機(jī)械的重復(fù)。 (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒bomb (19)a weapo

39、n that explodes and is used to kill or hurt people or to damage buildingsA 100-pound bomb exploded/went off today, injuring three people.|The terrorists had planted a bomb near the police station.|During the Second World War, the British dropped a huge number of bombs on Dresden.(Cambridge)to drop b

40、ombs on somethingPlanes bombed the city every night.(Cambridge)to destroy something by exploding a bomb inside itThis pub was bombed a few years ago. |The building was completely bombed out (= completely destroyed by a bomb).(Cambridge)n. 炸彈 There is a ticking time bomb under the dollar.美元底下藏著一顆滴答作響

41、的定時(shí)炸彈。Of making the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed. (nce4)The detectors, sold for up to $42,000 each, were said to be able to

42、 find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. (2013sc)But bombs are unbelievable until they actually fall. -Patrick White, British-born Australian novelistBombs do not choose. They will hit everything. - Khrushchev炸彈不會(huì)選擇，它們會(huì)炸毀一切。赫魯曉夫靜寧一中 夏青鋒supreme (4)having the highest rank, l

43、evel or importancethe supreme commander of the armed forces |the Supreme Court |The present constitution gives supreme authority to the presidency. |From 1960 to 1970, Ayatollah Mohsen al-Hakim reigned supreme among the Shiites of Iraq, Iran and elsewhere.(Cambridge)very great or bestShe was awarded

44、 a medal for showing supreme courage/bravery.|For me, dieting requires a supreme effort of will.(Cambridge)adj. 最高的；極度的 super, supr特級(jí)，極好，十分The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved .最高的幸福是我們深信自已被愛。From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. (nce4)In the fall of 1985. I

45、 was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. (2011tj)靜寧一中 夏青鋒constitutional (0)allowed by or contained in a constitutionSuch a policy would not be constitutional. |Freedom of speech should be a constitu

46、tional right.(Cambridge)of a persons general state of someones healthconstitutional weakness, robustness, etc 體質(zhì)的虛弱 強(qiáng)健等(Cambridge)adj. 憲法的 President Lincoln reiterated his constitutional doctrine.林肯總統(tǒng)重新申述他對(duì)憲法的看法。The country desperately needs broad political and constitutional reform. (詞典例句)靜寧一中 夏青鋒l

47、iberty (20)(FREEDOM) U FORMAL the freedom to live as you wish or go where you wantFor most citizens, liberty means the freedom to practise their religious or political beliefs.|Hundreds of political prisoners are to be given their liberty (= released from prison). |Of the ten men who escaped this mo

48、rning from Dartmoor Prison, only two(Cambridge)n. 自由 liber =free自由；-ate動(dòng)詞后綴；-ion名詞后綴，使使自由You may extinguish a nation, But not the love of liBerty.你可以消滅一個(gè)國(guó)家，但不能消滅對(duì)自由的熱愛。Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour

49、 to make their homes in America. (nce2)When I was 45 years old I raced and beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty. (2014tj)Liberty often degenerates into lawlessness. 自由隨便，經(jīng)常墮落到無法無天。靜寧一中 夏青鋒evident (9)easily seen or understood; obviousThe full extent of the damage only

50、 became evident the following morning.(Cambridge)(BAD BEHAVIOUR) C |an example of speech or behaviour that upsets other people because it lacks respect or does not follow what is thought to be polite or acceptableWhat a liberty, to refuse the invitation on your behalf, without even asking you!(Cambr

51、idge)adj. 明顯的；顯然的 e-出；vis，vid=see看；-ent形容詞后綴，的看得出來的It was evident that the policy was a failure.顯然這項(xiàng)政策是失敗的。But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. (6)It sounds reasonable, but the te

52、xt evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seems reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teache (2013zj)靜寧一中 夏青鋒self-evident (1)clear or obvious without needing any proof o

53、r explanationSolutions which seem self-evident to humans are often beyond the grasp of computers(Cambridge)a,self-evident truth, statement, fact 不證自明的真相 不言而喻的說法 明擺著的事實(shí) |Her sincerity is self-evident. 她真心實(shí)意, 這是顯而易見的(Oxford)adj. 不證自明的；不言而喻的 The influence of climate on strawberry are self-evident.氣候?qū)Σ萜€

54、的影響是不證自明的。He has never exhibited the self-confidence, bordering on arrogance, of his predecessor. 他從未表現(xiàn)出他前任的那種近乎傲慢的自信。 (詞典例句)We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get

55、, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-ou (nce4)靜寧一中 夏青鋒discrimination (6) (against/in favour of sb) treating a person or group differently (usu worse) than othersracial, sexual, religious, political, etc discrimination 種族 性別 宗教 政治.歧視 |This is a clear case of d

56、iscrimination (against foreign imports) .這顯然是（對(duì)進(jìn)口貨的）排斥。(Oxford)good judgement and perception 辨別力; 識(shí)別力show discrimination in ones choice of friends, clothes, hobbies, etc 在選擇交友對(duì)象 服裝 消遣形式等方面有鑒別力(Oxford)n. 歧視 Discrimination against Blacks is still common.歧視黑人仍是普遍現(xiàn)象。Discrimination by employers on the gr

57、ounds of race and nationality was illegal. 雇主以種族或國(guó)籍為由歧視員工是非法的。 (詞典例句)If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. (2007sd)靜寧一中 夏青鋒philosophy (35)U search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and of hu

58、man life 哲學(xué)moral philosophy, ie study of the principles on which human behaviour is based; ethics 倫理學(xué)(Oxford)C any particular set or system of beliefs resulting from this search for knowledge 哲學(xué)體系the philosophy of Aristotle 亞里士多德的哲學(xué)體系 * conflicting philosophies 互相矛盾的哲學(xué)體系(Oxford)C set of beliefs or a

59、n outlook on life that is a guiding principle for behaviour 人生哲學(xué); 生活的信念或原則a man without a philosophy of life 沒有生活信念的人 |Enjoy yourself today and dont worry about tomorrow; thats my philosophy! 且享今朝樂, 莫管明朝愁-這就是我的人生哲學(xué)!(Oxford)n. 哲學(xué)；人生觀 He is Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford.他是牛津大學(xué)倫理學(xué)教授。Apart fro

60、m criminal investigation techniques, students learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic. 除罪案調(diào)查技巧外，學(xué)生們還要學(xué)習(xí)法醫(yī)學(xué)、哲學(xué)和邏輯學(xué)。 (詞典例句)Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. (2012ln)靜寧一中 夏青鋒co