高考英語北京四中二輪練習(xí)資料閱讀理解含解析

1、2019高考英語北京四中二輪練習(xí)資料：閱讀理解01含解析 (一)A(2017·重慶卷，B)Mapping Your WorldDifferent forms of maps are appearing.They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visiting，from the official to the unusual.Meanwhile，hi­tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the w

2、orld.Here are two of our favorites：Green MapsGreen Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas. Users add information with a set of icons(圖標(biāo))，making it easy to read any map, whatever the nationalities of those who p

3、roduce it . At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries. Green Maps' advertised idea is “think global，map local”It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of information of a place ，ranging from community gardens to good places of birdwatching.Green Maps i

4、s not specifically intended for travelers. Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with the producers through the Green Maps website.Map MashupsMany people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them. Working in a simi

5、lar way to Green Maps, Map Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic. The mashups is so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need. It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World Heritage Sites are, to the most

6、 bizarre (古怪的)，such as where America's drunkest cities are.With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi­layered (多層的) map can be created.本文講述了人們最喜歡的地圖，一種是Greens maps，另一種是Maps Mashups。他們的共同特點(diǎn)是人們可以在網(wǎng)上編輯地圖。1According to the passage，which of the following is a characteristic of Gree

7、n Maps?AAiming at environmental protection.BIntroducing local attractions with icons.COffering advice to independent travelers.DCollecting icons worldwide for local maps.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段一、二句話可知，綠色地圖可允許人們分享當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┉h(huán)保的地方及吸引人的東西，并且用圖標(biāo)來添加信息，使人們更容易地看地圖，由此可知B項(xiàng)正確。2Which of the following icons is most probably

8、NOT used in Green Maps?答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話“It's a wonderful way.to good places of bird watching”可知答案為B。3“Map Mashups” is named with the word “mashups”because _.Ait is produced by users all over the worldBit gathers various kinds of informationCit shares icons with Green MapsDit is a branch of G

9、oogle Maps答案：B。由最后一段的第三句話可知，為什么用“mashups”這個(gè)名，是因?yàn)樗阉械闹R都結(jié)合起來，從最有用的到最古怪的。由此可知B項(xiàng)正確。4What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?A. They are created by local people.B. They are environmentally friendly.C. Users can edit maps on the Internet.D. Users need to communicate with producers.答案： C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

10、根據(jù)短文最后一段第二句話“Working in a similar way to Greens Maps，Map Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic.”可知C項(xiàng)正確。B(2017·四川卷，B)Exploit your parking spaceAn unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you

11、 could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week. Put an advertisement(廣告)for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.Rent(出租)a roomSpare room? Not only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government­backed “rent a room” program, you won't have to pay any tax on the first 4,50

12、0 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.Make money during special eventsDon't want a full­time lodger? Then rent on a short­term basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grash

13、padder can advertise your space. Live on set Renting your home out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long your home is needed. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register yo

14、ur home for freebut you will be charged if your home gets picked.Use your roofYou need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing solar equipment(around14,000), and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the

15、 National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25­year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.如果你擁有自己的多余的房子，房間或停車場，如果你按照作者告訴你的上述做法去做，會輕松地掙到大錢。5If you earn 5,000 from renting a room in one year, the tax you need to pay will be based on _.A300 B500C4,500 D5,000答案

16、：B。數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)段落的信息句“.won't have to pay any tax for the first 4,500”，可以明確：所掙得的4500磅是不用繳稅的，即：需要繳稅的是多于這個(gè)數(shù)字的錢，此題中，該是500磅需要繳稅。6Where can you put an advertisement to rent out a room during a big event?AOn Letpark. BOn Roomspare.COn Grashpadder. DOn Roommateeasy.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。 根據(jù)第三個(gè)段落的最后一句話可以找到明確的答案，即選項(xiàng)C

17、是正確的。7If you want to use energy free, you have to _.Asign an agreement with the governmentBpay around 14,000 for the equipmentCsell the roof to some energy companiesDkeep the roof unchanged within 25 years答案：D。推理判斷題。在最后一段中的最后一句話里含有本答案的信息： “25­year agreement”以及“prevent you from changing your roo

18、f”都可以斷定選項(xiàng)D的說法是符合原文的。8For whom is the text most probably written?ALodgers. B. Advertisers.CHouse owners. DOnline companies.答案：C。推理判斷題。從每個(gè)段落都可以確定：這是個(gè)能夠?qū)ν獬鲎馔＼囄唬块g，房頂?shù)鹊娜耍矗菏莻€(gè)house owner，選項(xiàng)C是正確的。C(2017·新課標(biāo)卷，C)Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did

19、something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a sma

20、ll garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win­win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy

21、(經(jīng)濟(jì)), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold o

22、ut for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three­year waiting list.George CBall Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have b

23、een building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is

24、more time to garden.本文講述了由于生活費(fèi)用增高，加上經(jīng)濟(jì)下降，越來越多的人開始自己種菜，并且現(xiàn)在人們開車少了，旅游少了，有更多的時(shí)間來種菜，減少生活費(fèi)用。9. What does the underlined word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?Achickens BtomatoesCgardens Dpeople答案：A。詞義猜測題。由上文的a chicken house(雞舍)可知，它的居民應(yīng)該是小雞，故A項(xiàng)正確。10Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasin

25、gly popular?AMore Americans are doing it for fun.BThe price of oil is lower than before.CThere's a growing need for fruits.DThe cost of living is on the rise.答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文第二段第一句話可知，由于生活費(fèi)增高，經(jīng)濟(jì)下降，越來越多的人們開始自己種菜。故D項(xiàng)正確。11Which of the following might be the best title for the text?AFamily Food Planni

26、ng BBanking on GardeningCA Belt­tightening MoveDGardening as a Hobby答案：B。主旨大意題。本文主要講述了由于生活費(fèi)用增高，經(jīng)濟(jì)下降，迫使人們自己種菜來減少開支。A項(xiàng)意為：家庭食物計(jì)劃；B項(xiàng)：依靠種菜；C項(xiàng)：緊縮腰帶運(yùn)動；D項(xiàng)：把種菜當(dāng)做愛好。D(2017·山東卷，D)Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain­computer interface(B

27、CI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示)a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.In the laboratory, Tave

28、lla operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓)to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spi

29、nal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles，” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up t

30、he signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says s

31、cientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He sa

32、ys his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.本文講述了科學(xué)家正在尋找把大腦與電腦連系起來的方法，從而幫助殘疾人。大腦與電腦連接技術(shù)，可以幫助殘疾人交流和控制設(shè)備裝置，如輪椅。12BCI is a techn

33、ology that can _.A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computersC. help the disabled to recover D. control a person's thoughts 答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段可知，科學(xué)家尋找把人的大腦與電腦連接起來的方法，這一方法也即：大腦與電腦連接技術(shù)，幫助殘疾人向機(jī)器發(fā)送信號，由此可知B項(xiàng)正確。13. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?

34、A. By controlling his muscles.B. By talking to the machine. C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind.答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段可知，Tavella通過思考來推動輪椅，用思想來指導(dǎo)輪椅，故D項(xiàng)正確。14. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalpcomputercapwheelchairB. computercapscalpwheelchairC.

35、scalpcapcomputerwheelchairD. capcomputerscalpwheelchair答案：C。順序排列題，根據(jù)第五段的二、三句話可知，頭皮把信號傳遞給帽子，帽子再把信號傳遞給電腦，電腦再傳譯信號，并指令輪椅，由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。15. The team will test with real patients to _.A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to themC. make them live longer 2D. learn about their physical conditi

36、on答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一段第二句話可知，他們用真正的病人做實(shí)驗(yàn)，是為了證明這是一項(xiàng)他們能受益的技術(shù)，故B項(xiàng)正確。16. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCIResearchCenterB. New Findings about How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Br

37、ain Injuries答案：C。主旨大意題。本文主要講述了BCI技術(shù)能夠幫助殘疾人，使他們通過思考就能操作一些設(shè)備裝置，這樣他們就有更多的自由，由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。E(2017·福建卷，E)The internet will open up new vistas (前景)，create the global villageyou can make new friends all around the world.That，at least, is what it promised us.The difficulty is thatit did not take the human m

38、ind into account.The reality is that we can not keep relationship with more than a limited number of people.No matter how hard the internet tries to putyou in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold(雙重的)First, there is a limit on the number of people we c

39、an hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with.That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain.Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest (投入) in them.We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what's left among a

40、s many others as we can.The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline (減弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn't serve a socially valuable function.Of course it does.But

41、the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to move to the other side of the world.In one sense, that's a good thing.But it also

42、has a disadvantage.If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren't using your time to make new friends where you now live.And I suspect that probably isn't the best use of your time.Meaningful relationships are about being able

43、to communicate with each other, face to face.The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won't stop that happening eventually.一般認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)在讓人與人交流方面起到了非常重要的作用。而本文作者對此卻持懷疑態(tài)度。他認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)在加強(qiáng)人與人之間的關(guān)系方面并沒有起到應(yīng)有的作用。17What is stressed in the first paragraph?AThe present situation of the

44、 internet.BThe difficulty in communication on the internet.CThe socially valuable function of the internet.DThe role of the human mind in the internet communication.答案：D。主旨大意題。由文章第一段特別是最后一句“No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication，its best efforts will be defeated by your mi

45、nd.”可知人類思維在網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流中起到舉足輕重的作用，故D項(xiàng)正確。18The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “_”Aappointment BconnectionCinterview Dagreement答案：B。詞義猜測題。句意為：問題是如果我們在一個(gè)人身上花很少時(shí)間，我們跟這個(gè)人的聯(lián)系將會減弱到“他只是一個(gè)曾經(jīng)認(rèn)識的人”，因此劃線單詞意為“聯(lián)系，交往”。19According to the passage, the author holds the view that_.Athe int

46、ernet fails to play so valuable a role in communication as it promisedBthe internet determines the quality of social relationshipsCthe internet greatly increases the size of social circlesDthe internet communication is no less effective than the face­to­face talk答案：A。推理判斷題。由文章的一些信息“This is

47、 not ，of course，to say that the internet doesn't serve a socially valuable function.以及The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end，but it won't stop that happening eventually.”等可推知網(wǎng)絡(luò)在人與人之間的交流上并沒有起到應(yīng)有的作用，故A項(xiàng)正確。20What is the author's attitude towards the use of the int

48、ernet to strengthen relationships?AHe is uncertain about it.BHe is hopeful of it.CHe approves of it.DHe doubts it.答案：D。態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)在人與人之間的交流方面并沒有起到應(yīng)有的作用，因此作者對網(wǎng)絡(luò)在加強(qiáng)人與人之間關(guān)系方面持的是懷疑的態(tài)度，D項(xiàng)正確。(二)A(2017·福建卷，A)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It require

49、s you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed，it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depresant (抑制藥)，damaging eyesight，judgement and co­ordination (協(xié)調(diào))，slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accide

50、nts.Even below the drink driving limit，driving will be affected.Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from t

51、he body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is：50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood；or22 micrograms of alc

52、ohol per 100ml of breath；or67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of uriue (尿液)Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fi

53、ned a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving­offence points；or temporarily banned from driving.The same punishment applies to failing to provide speeimens(樣本) for breath，blood or urine tests without good excuse.Drink driving is a criminal o

54、ffence.Be a responsible driver，think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users，never drive after consuming alcohol. 本文主要講述酒后駕車的危害，對酒駕的懲罰等，呼吁人們?yōu)榱俗陨砗退说慕】?，一定不要酒后駕車。1The first paragraph is mainly about_.Athe introductions of driving skillsBthe damage of drinking to your bodyCthe

55、 effect of drinking on drivingDthe process of alcohol being absorbed答案：C。主旨大意題。由第一段的“it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant，damaging eyesight，judgement and co­ordination，slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.”可知，本段主要講述酒后駕車的影響，故C項(xiàng)正確。2The underlined

56、word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”Aalcohol BabsorptionCblood Dprocess答案：D。詞義猜測題。由前半句“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process”，可知，后半句表示“采取像淋浴或者是喝杯茶，咖啡等的措施來加速這個(gè)過程是不可能的”故it指代process，D項(xiàng)正確。3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ADrinking below the drink d

57、riving limit has no effect on driving.BAlcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.CHaving a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.D50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“Absorption rate is increased when drinkin

58、g on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice”可知B項(xiàng)正確。4A driver suspected of drink driving_.Ashould provide specimens for testingBwill be forbidden to drive for 3 yearsCwill be punished for 10 driving­offence pointsDshould pay a maximum fine of HK$25,000答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章信息“Drivers who cause traffic accidents ，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B(2017