牛津譯林高中英語模塊七_(dá)Unit3_3

1、The world online.Teacher:Julia語法專題突破品味語法1She doesnt know my mother. 她不認(rèn)識我媽媽。2Did he get up early this morning? 今天早上他起床早嗎？3I have been to the Great Wall three times. 我已去過長城三次了。4I will take exercise this evening. 今天晚上我要鍛煉身體。5My bike was broken. 我的自行車壞了。助動詞無實(shí)際意義，只是幫助實(shí)義動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣或構(gòu)成疑問句及否定句。助動詞必須和

2、主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。講解歸納助動詞()動詞根據(jù)其含義和句子功能可分為實(shí)義動詞(Notional Verbs)和助動詞(Auxiliary Verbs)。實(shí)義動詞意義完整，能夠獨(dú)立作謂語，而助動詞本身無詞匯意義或意義不完整，不能單獨(dú)作謂語。試比較：The boy does his homework every day.那個男孩每天都做家庭作業(yè)。(does為實(shí)義動詞，作謂語，是do的第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時形式)The boy doesnt do his homework on Saturday evenings.那個男孩星期六晚上不做家庭作業(yè)。(does為助動詞，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，doesnt與

3、實(shí)義動詞do一起構(gòu)成第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時的否定形式)助動詞常與實(shí)義動詞一起用來構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)以表達(dá)說話人的各種情態(tài)。助動詞可分為時態(tài)助動詞、do助動詞和情態(tài)助動詞三種。情態(tài)助動詞又稱作情態(tài)動詞，本章里將作詳細(xì)論述。1時態(tài)助動詞時態(tài)助動詞有be，have，will/would，shall / should，可以用來構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣。We will go to Africa first.我們將先去非洲。They have found that the sun often causes footprints in the snow to become larger

4、.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，日曬常常會導(dǎo)致雪地上的腳印變大。The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room.客人們很快就要到了，克萊爾告訴托尼去另一個房間。The modern Olympic Games were held in 1896，in Athens.現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會于1896年首次在雅典舉行。We would have won if Jack had scored that goal.如果杰克踢進(jìn)了那個球，我們就會得冠。2do助動詞do可幫助構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，還可表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或代替前面動詞以避免重

5、復(fù)。Do you find homework tiring and boring?你覺得家庭作業(yè)枯燥乏味嗎？We dont have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.我們的工作時間和城市里的辦公室職員不一樣。Oh，do buy a flower.哦，買一枝花吧。As you can see，I did escape.如你所見，我的確得救了。Walking and riding your bike count，and so do school sports.步行和騎自行車算，校內(nèi)的體育活動也算。Well be li

6、ving in houses and flats just as we do today.我們將同今天一樣生活在房子或公寓里。When I did finally go to a theme park，I found that it was very different.當(dāng)我最終去了一家主題公園時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它(與其他公園)有很大的不同。Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made from animal skins.我們有證據(jù)表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮制作的衣服。()1have(got)to和mustmust表示說話人的主觀愿望，

7、而have(got)to則表示客觀需要，意思是“不得不”，“只好”。試比較以下幾句：You must decide what approach you want to use.你必須決定要采用什么樣的方法。In addition，you need to know how long you should stay，and when you have to leave.另外，你要知道應(yīng)該待多久，何時得離開。You will tell your friend that youve got to go to class.你要告訴你的朋友你得上課。2used to和will，would表示習(xí)慣will表

8、示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would和used to均表示過去的習(xí)慣，但would比used to正式，used to 表示過去常常，而現(xiàn)在已不再，而would則沒有這層含義。試比較以下幾句：Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.警察逮捕罪犯時，會向罪犯射網(wǎng)而不是開槍。Now and then Dahu would stop，look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.大胡時不時地停下來看看，在手上試一試，然后再繼續(xù)工作。I used t

9、o go to the gym three times a week，but I dont work out any more.我曾經(jīng)一周去健身房三次，但我現(xiàn)在不去鍛煉了。Im 19 years old and I used to be a drug addict.我現(xiàn)在19歲，過去吸毒成癮。3would rather和had betterhad better 為固定詞組，不是過去式，而指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，意為“最好”，表示勸告或警告，其后接動詞原形。You had better play one kind of music if you want to become famous.如果你想出名，最

10、好演奏一種音樂。would rather意為“寧愿”，“寧可”，表示選擇，其后也接動詞原形，常與than搭配。Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say，but Joe is a kind and simple man，who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.皮普的姐姐幾乎沒有什么善言好語，但喬卻是一個善良淳樸的人，他寧愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何傷害。Id rather have something with chocolate.我寧愿吃含巧克力的。1. (2012四川高考)They are

11、living with their parents for the moment because their own house _. Ais being rebuilt Bhas been rebuilt Cis rebuilt Dhas rebuilt解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們現(xiàn)在暫時和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟?。根?jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，且house與動詞rebuild之間為被動關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。 2(2012全國卷)The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9

12、 am. Ahas told Bis telling Chas been telling Dwill have told解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：經(jīng)理自從上午9點(diǎn)起一直在告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句末的時間狀語since 9 am及句意可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行，所以此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示“一直不斷地告誡” 3(2011江蘇高考)Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. Asaves Bsaved Cwill save Dwill have saved解析：句意：

13、“Tommy計劃要買輛車。 ” “我知道。到下個月，他就能攢夠錢買輛二手車了?！眀y next month“到下個月為止”，其后的句子要用將來完成時。寫作專題突破【寫作要求】現(xiàn)在有一種謬論說“考上大學(xué)也不好找或找不到工作，還不如不上大學(xué)”。以下是某網(wǎng)站對高中學(xué)生“為什么上大學(xué)？”進(jìn)行的問卷調(diào)查情況，請你結(jié)合圖表中所提供的信息，寫一篇短文，談?wù)勀愕目捶āＷ⒁猓?.不需要面面俱到，更不要逐條翻譯，注意發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)；2詞數(shù)：120左右，開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；3參考詞匯：問卷調(diào)查questionnaire survey。Recently，a website organized a questio

14、nnaire survery about why people go to university. _【類文點(diǎn)津】一、常見圖表作文的寫作思路圖表作文至少包含描述圖表與解釋原因兩個部分，其寫作規(guī)律性很強(qiáng)，有一定的模式可循。1首段的寫作圖表作文有表格(table)、條形圖(bar chart)、餅狀圖(pie chart)和曲線圖(diagram)之分，后三種都屬于圖表(chart)的范疇。不管是chart還是table，都需要進(jìn)行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，長度宜適中。描述數(shù)據(jù)時，我們首先要看看幾個數(shù)據(jù)之間的聯(lián)系，如：From the chart we can see clearly that

15、.while.這里用while引導(dǎo)從句來突顯對比，是一種非常好的辦法。如果用兩句話來描述，也完全可以。2第二段的寫作第二段是解釋原因的段落。首先是過渡句，其次就是此段的主題句(topic sentence)。主觀或客觀并無特殊要求，只要上下文風(fēng)格統(tǒng)一即可。主觀：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.In my mind，the reasons why.are as follows.主觀之變

16、體(使用插入語，突出主語)：Three reasons，we believe can account for this phenomenon.Three reasons，I believe，can account for this phenomenon.Three reasons，I firmly believe，can account for this phenomenon.3第三段的寫作第三段直接寫結(jié)論的情況已基本沒有了。如果這篇文章講的是一個令人擔(dān)憂的問題，那么這一段寫解決辦法；如果這篇文章講的是一個好的變化，那么這一段可寫負(fù)面的影響或存在的問題，或者寫未來的發(fā)展方向。二、圖表作文的寫作

17、注意事項(xiàng)1仔細(xì)審題，看清楚圖表中各種數(shù)據(jù)或者提示要點(diǎn)之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，弄清楚命題人想要通過圖表反映什么樣的信息、問題或現(xiàn)象。2在掌握了全部信息之后，再審要點(diǎn)，審時態(tài)，分析這些數(shù)據(jù)或信息，通過分析對比，找出相似點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)?！炯炎餍蕾p】Recently，a website organized a questionnaire survey about why people go to university.As can be clearly seen from the pie chart，different students have different ideas. About onefifth o

18、f the students say they want to go to university to make sure that they can land a good job，while an equal number of them think that in this way they can make more money and get a big house. Fifteen percent responds that they want to do so to help their parents and relatives live a happy life，and only five percent of the students are for the purpose of realizing their selfdevelopment.Naturally some students have other opinio