高三英語二輪復習高考題型之二閱讀理解專題四閱讀理解之觀點態(tài)度和文章結構題課件

1、專題四閱讀理解之觀點態(tài)度和文章結構題高考高考24話題之話題之(四四)：飲食：飲食(Food and drink) 近年來，人們普遍存在體重近年來，人們普遍存在體重超標的現(xiàn)象，患肥胖癥超標的現(xiàn)象，患肥胖癥(obesity)的人越來越多，這對人們的身體的人越來越多，這對人們的身體健康極為不利。請結合右面的漫健康極為不利。請結合右面的漫畫，分析人們肥胖的原因，并提畫，分析人們肥胖的原因，并提出可行的減肥方法和健康建議。出可行的減肥方法和健康建議。【寫作話題寫作話題】Some people even suffer_obesity, _ can lead to heart disorder, high

2、blood pressure and other health problems.There are several reasons_it.It is important_(remember) that the body needs proper care in order to be_ (health)【語法填空語法填空】fromwhichforto rememberhealthyAll these is rich in fat and sugar, which can easily make people fat.It requires wellbalanced diet and prop

3、er exercise.So one should eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regular.答案答案is改為改為arewellbalanced前面加前面加aregular改為改為regularly【語法改錯語法改錯】It seems that many people today are overweight. Some people even suffer from obesity, which can lead to heart disorder, high blood pressure and other health

4、problems.【范文背誦范文背誦】There are several reasons for it.Some people couldnt resist the temptation of all kinds of delicious food, such hamburger, fried chicken, beer and sugarycola.All these are rich in fat and sugar, which can easily make people fat.Once we become overweight, it is not an easy job to l

5、ose weight.It requires a wellbalanced diet and proper exercise.One cant take good health for granted.It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy.So one should eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.根據(jù)范文畫線部分仿寫下面情景：根據(jù)范文畫線部分仿寫下面情景：青少年不要把吃早餐不當回事。青

6、少年不要把吃早餐不當回事。_孩子們抵制不玩網(wǎng)絡游戲的誘惑。孩子們抵制不玩網(wǎng)絡游戲的誘惑。_答案答案Teenagers shouldnt take having breakfast for granted.Children cant resist the temptation of playing online games.【自主空間自主空間】A(2016北京北京)The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性自主性)and the development of adult iden

7、tity.However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.做真題做真題悟高考悟高考限時限時15分鐘分鐘For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of

8、 the same age and from within.In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead ofpromoting the idea of college as a passage from t

9、he shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process inv

10、olves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思維方面在思維方面)and personally.While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and question

11、ing.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a college community(群體群體)differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challe

12、nge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly define

13、d(規(guī)定規(guī)定)and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times o

14、f national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about communi

15、ty values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and selfregulation, of the necessary tension between safety and selfdiscovery. 語篇解讀語篇解讀 本文是一篇議論文。大學并不是溫暖本文是一篇議論文。大學并不是溫暖的家。大學時期應該是培養(yǎng)自主性和自我同一性的重要的家。大學時期應該是培養(yǎng)自主性和自我同一性的重要時期，也是孩子脫離父母控制的

16、決定性時期。因此，學時期，也是孩子脫離父母控制的決定性時期。因此，學校不應該成為像家庭一樣讓孩子依賴的地方。校不應該成為像家庭一樣讓孩子依賴的地方。1Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?ASympathetic.BDisapproving.CSupportive.DNeutral.解析解析觀點態(tài)度推斷題。作者在第一段介紹了大學觀點態(tài)度推斷題。作者在第一段介紹了大學生缺乏自主性和責任感的現(xiàn)象。第二個分析了兩個方面生缺乏自主性和責任感的現(xiàn)象。第二個分析了兩個方面的原因，一

17、是由于現(xiàn)代通訊設備的發(fā)展使得大學生可以的原因，一是由于現(xiàn)代通訊設備的發(fā)展使得大學生可以隨時聯(lián)系父母，父母也可以隨時幫助他們，這樣大學生隨時聯(lián)系父母，父母也可以隨時幫助他們，這樣大學生仍然是依靠父母；二是大學也變得像家庭一樣了，讓大仍然是依靠父母；二是大學也變得像家庭一樣了，讓大學生感覺到了安全，但也失去了自主性。作者的觀點是學生感覺到了安全，但也失去了自主性。作者的觀點是主張大學生要培養(yǎng)自主性和責任感，所以他對于父母的主張大學生要培養(yǎng)自主性和責任感，所以他對于父母的這種作法是持否定態(tài)度的。這種作法是持否定態(tài)度的。答案答案B2The underlined word “passage” in Pa

18、ragraph 2 means_.Achange BchoiceCtextDextension解析解析猜測詞義題。根據(jù)猜測詞義題。根據(jù)“Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.”中中p

19、assage后面后面的的from.to.可以推知，可以推知，passage在此句中的意思是在此句中的意思是“轉轉變變”，即從家庭的庇護中轉變到自主性和成年責任感。，即從家庭的庇護中轉變到自主性和成年責任感。答案答案A3According to the author, what role should college play?ATo develop a shared identity among students.BTo define and regulate students social behavior.CTo provide a safe world without tension f

20、or students.DTo foster students intellectual and personal development.解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段和第四段內容可推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段和第四段內容可知，大學應該注重大學生在思維和個人方面的發(fā)展。知，大學應該注重大學生在思維和個人方面的發(fā)展。答案答案D4Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Subpoint(次要次要點點)C：Conclusion解析解析文章結構推斷題。第一段是引

21、入段；第二段文章結構推斷題。第一段是引入段；第二段分析導致這種現(xiàn)象的原因，作為分析導致這種現(xiàn)象的原因，作為P1；第三段開始，作；第三段開始，作者就如何培養(yǎng)大學生自主性和責任感提出自己的觀點，者就如何培養(yǎng)大學生自主性和責任感提出自己的觀點，作為作為P2；一是大學應該是一個探索和嘗試的時代，作；一是大學應該是一個探索和嘗試的時代，作為為Sp1；二是大學生要學會如何應對社會，作為；二是大學生要學會如何應對社會，作為Sp2；最后一段對作者的觀點進行歸納和總結。最后一段對作者的觀點進行歸納和總結。答案答案CB(2016四川四川)In the depths of the French Guianese r

22、ainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的土著的)people.Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地殖民地)of the French Republic since 1946.In theory, t

23、hey should live by the French law.However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “l(fā)awlessness” in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called

24、Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazonrainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for alm

25、ost ten years，” says Gin.“Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I dont see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized

26、 life，” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now

27、have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. 語篇解讀語篇解讀 本文通過一個名叫本文通過一個名叫Gin的攝影記者向的攝影記者向人們展示了法國圭亞那人的生活，以及現(xiàn)代法國的生活人們展示了法國圭

28、亞那人的生活，以及現(xiàn)代法國的生活風格給他們帶來的影響。風格給他們帶來的影響。5Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?AThey seldom follow the French law.BThey often ignore the Guianese law.CThey are separated from the modern world.DThey are both Guianese and French citizens.解 析 解 析 細 節(jié) 理 解 題 。 根 據(jù)

29、第 一 段 第 二 句細 節(jié) 理 解 題 。 根 據(jù) 第 一 段 第 二 句“Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.”以及最后一句中的以及最后一句中的“their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown”可知選可知選A項。項。答案答案A6Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as_

30、.Aa tour guide Ba geographerCa film director Da photographer解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life”可知，他想展示給觀眾一個攝影記可知，他想展示給觀眾一個攝影記錄，由此可以推斷，他是一個攝影記者。錄，由此可以推斷，他是一個攝影記者。答案答案D7What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the ind

31、igenous Guianese?ACautious. BDoubtful.CUninterested. DAppreciative.解析解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years”可知，他可知，他對法國圭亞那人心存感激。故選對法國圭亞那人心存感激。故選D項。項。答案答案D8What does the underlined word “it” in the last par

32、agraph refer to?AThe modern French lifestyle.BThe selfsupporting hunting.CThe uncivilized world.DThe French Republic.解析解析猜測詞義題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的猜測詞義題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”可知，后面的定語從句中的可知，后面的定語從句中的it指現(xiàn)代法國的生活風格。指現(xiàn)代法國的生活風格。故選故選A項。項。答案答案A作者在文章中不僅客觀地進行敘述和說明，往往還作者在文章中

33、不僅客觀地進行敘述和說明，往往還持有某種態(tài)度，如對某一觀點或贊同或反對，或肯定或持有某種態(tài)度，如對某一觀點或贊同或反對，或肯定或批評。因此這類題主要考查學生對作者的觀點、感情、批評。因此這類題主要考查學生對作者的觀點、感情、態(tài)度的理解能力。態(tài)度的理解能力。探考點探考點攻難點攻難點一、觀點態(tài)度題一、觀點態(tài)度題【設題角度設題角度】(1)What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?(2)Whats the authors attitude towards.?(3)We can infer that the author of the text

34、is_.(4)According to the passage, the author holds the view that_.(5)Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards.?(6)How did the writer feel when he saw.?(7)What is the authors opinion about.?作者態(tài)度觀點題考查目標比較明確，題干一般都含作者態(tài)度觀點題考查目標比較明確，題干一般都含有有according to the writer, attitude,

35、 opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語。等詞或短語。常見的選項有：常見的選項有：optimistic(樂觀的樂觀的)pessimistic(悲觀的悲觀的)approve(贊成贊成) disapprove(不贊成不贊成)approval(贊成的贊成的) disapproval(不贊成的不贊成的)objective(客觀的客觀的) subjective(主觀的主觀的)positive(積極的；肯定的積極的；肯定的)negative(消極的；否定的消極的；否定的)critical(批判的；挑剔的批判的；挑剔的) doubtful(懷疑的懷疑的)uncerta

36、in(不確定的不確定的) hopeful(有希望的有希望的)【解題策略解題策略】作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題方法：作者的態(tài)度和立場一作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題方法：作者的態(tài)度和立場一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂觀；客觀、中立；反對般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂觀；客觀、中立；反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀。所以，我們在閱讀中，要利用詞、批評、懷疑、悲觀。所以，我們在閱讀中，要利用詞匯情感色彩，推斷作者情感態(tài)度。匯情感色彩，推斷作者情感態(tài)度。每一篇文章都肯定包含作者的某種觀點和態(tài)度，只每一篇文章都肯定包含作者的某種觀點和態(tài)度，只不過有的直截了當，有的含而不露，有的通過所用詞語不過有的直截了當，有的含而不露，有的通過所用

37、詞語的褒貶來體現(xiàn)。此類題可細分為作者態(tài)度題的褒貶來體現(xiàn)。此類題可細分為作者態(tài)度題(表明作者表明作者的好惡的好惡)和作者觀點題和作者觀點題(表明作者對某事物的觀點表明作者對某事物的觀點)。準確。準確把握作者的情感和態(tài)度，需要注意以下幾點：把握作者的情感和態(tài)度，需要注意以下幾點：(1)作者對某一事物的看法，要么支持，要么反對作者對某一事物的看法，要么支持，要么反對，帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。，帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。(2)漠不關心類詞語一定不對，既然寫文章就不會漠不關心類詞語一定不對，既然寫文章就不會不關心。不關心。(3)不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中，也要區(qū)分開作者不要把自己的態(tài)度揉

38、入其中，也要區(qū)分開作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度。的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度。(4)當作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，要學會根據(jù)作當作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，要學會根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度。者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度。(5)作者觀點一般與文章主旨相關聯(lián)。作者觀點一般與文章主旨相關聯(lián)。(6)一般帶有絕對化或過于強烈的選項必錯，如：一般帶有絕對化或過于強烈的選項必錯，如：strong, complete, entire, enthusiastic等。等。(7)持有保留態(tài)度的比較客觀，常常是正確選項。持有保留態(tài)度的比較客觀，常常是正確選項。典例典例1 1Well, I had

39、nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could.So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more.Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around.And judging from the number of the people who left ou

40、r neighborhood jogging army, Im not alone in my opinion.What was the writers attitude towards jogging in the beginning?AHe felt it was worth a try.BHe was very fond of it.CHe was strongly against it.DHe thought it must be painful. 解析解析 本段講述了作者通過親自參加本段講述了作者通過親自參加jogging(慢慢跑跑)鍛煉，體會到鍛煉，體會到jogging并不像人們想

41、象中的那么好，并不像人們想象中的那么好，他認為自己的鍛煉方式也可以達到健身的目的。題目問他認為自己的鍛煉方式也可以達到健身的目的。題目問作者起初對慢跑的看法如何。作者起初對慢跑的看法如何。A.他認為值得一試；他認為值得一試；B.他他非常喜歡這項運動；非常喜歡這項運動；C.他極力反對這項運動；他極力反對這項運動；D.他認為他認為這項運動非常痛苦。從這項運動非常痛苦。從“I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could.”和和“So I took up jogging seriousl

42、y and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more.”兩句，我們可兩句，我們可以看出作者起初對慢跑并無排斥心理，而且認為值得一以看出作者起初對慢跑并無排斥心理，而且認為值得一試，試，A項較符合作者的態(tài)度。項較符合作者的態(tài)度。典例典例2 2It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end.By then some of us had reached seventh grade and had begun th

43、e rough ride of adolescence(青春期青春期)In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring.We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree.Soon there w

44、ould be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.How does the author feel about his childhood?AHappy but short.BLonely but memorable.CBoring and meaningless.DLong and unforgettable. 解析解析 題目問作者如何評價自己的童年。題目問作者如何評價自己的童年。A.快樂快樂卻短暫；卻短暫；B.孤單卻值得回憶；孤單卻值得回憶；C.乏味、無趣；乏味、無趣；D.漫長而漫長而又難忘。

45、根據(jù)又難忘。根據(jù)“It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end.”和下句和下句“In March.，”以及下句以及下句“.and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us.high school cafeteria”可以可以看出作者是在慨嘆童年時光快樂卻短暫。答案選看出作者是在慨嘆童年時光快樂卻短暫。答案選A。1文章結構題，是指那些針對文章的整體篇章結文章結構題，是指那些針對文章的整體篇章結構或某一段落的發(fā)展層次所設置的問題

46、。這類題主要考構或某一段落的發(fā)展層次所設置的問題。這類題主要考查同學們在理解全文的基礎上對文章所描述事件的發(fā)展查同學們在理解全文的基礎上對文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結構層次或在論述觀點過程中使用順序、所說明事物的結構層次或在論述觀點過程中使用的論證方法進行推測、歸納和總結的能力。與主旨大意的論證方法進行推測、歸納和總結的能力。與主旨大意題和細節(jié)理解題考查學生對篇章內容理解能力不同的是題和細節(jié)理解題考查學生對篇章內容理解能力不同的是，文章結構題主要考查學生對閱讀材料的篇章結構和發(fā)，文章結構題主要考查學生對閱讀材料的篇章結構和發(fā)展脈絡的宏觀把握。在高考題中，這是一種較為新穎的展脈絡的宏

47、觀把握。在高考題中，這是一種較為新穎的考查方式?？疾榉绞?。二、文章結構體裁題二、文章結構體裁題【設題角度設題角度】(1)What is the right order of the steps in doing_？(2)The second paragraph is developed by_.(3)How is the passage mainly developed?(4)The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with_.(5)Which of the following picture shows th

48、e structure of the passage?(6)In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you_.(7)This passage is organized in the pattern of_.(8)The passage is organized in order of_.常見的選項有：常見的選項有：by classification, by comparison, by example, by process, by following the order of time, by followi

49、ng the order of importance, analyzing causes, making comparisons, examining differences following the time order, time and events, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition and classification, etc.2文章體裁題考查考生對文章的體裁以及文章的文章體裁題考查考生對文章的體裁以及文章的出處進行合理判斷的能力。出處進行合理判斷的能力?！驹O題角度設題角度】(1)This passage can be classified as_.(2)The text is most probably a_.(3)Where does the text probably come from?(4)Where can you find this passage?【解題策略解題策略】篇章結構題主要的解題策略常有：篇章結構題主要的解題策略常有：(1)了解篇章脈絡的組織形式。從段落組織方式上了解篇章脈絡的組織形式。從段落組織方式上講，常見的篇章脈絡有三種：總分式結構講，常見的篇章脈絡有三種：總分式結構(總總分；總分；總分分