中醫(yī)英語(yǔ)翻譯概論ppt課件

1、n1.1 仿造仿造n翻譯翻譯 SL 的無(wú)等值詞匯時(shí)，用的無(wú)等值詞匯時(shí)，用 TL 中的直接對(duì)中的直接對(duì)應(yīng)詞代換無(wú)等值詞匯的組成部分應(yīng)詞代換無(wú)等值詞匯的組成部分 詞素詞素 / 詞詞n借用英語(yǔ)中已有的相關(guān)單詞來(lái)表達(dá)中醫(yī)學(xué)特有借用英語(yǔ)中已有的相關(guān)單詞來(lái)表達(dá)中醫(yī)學(xué)特有的概念的概念n肝血肝血liver bloodn血虛血虛blood deficiencyn活血化瘀活血化瘀activating blood to resolve stagnationn1.1 仿造仿造n句子層次的翻譯也能運(yùn)用仿造法句子層次的翻譯也能運(yùn)用仿造法n從陰陽(yáng)翻那么生，逆之翻那么死。從陰陽(yáng)翻那么生，逆之翻那么死。nFollowing t

2、he law of yin and yang ensures life, while violating it leads to death.n陰虛翻那么熱，陽(yáng)虛翻那么寒。陰虛翻那么熱，陽(yáng)虛翻那么寒。nDeficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.n1.2 定義化定義化n中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)高度凝煉，難以用同樣長(zhǎng)短的英語(yǔ)表中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)高度凝煉，難以用同樣長(zhǎng)短的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)清楚達(dá)清楚n翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進(jìn)行翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進(jìn)行n辨證論治辨證論治ndiagnosis and treatment based on

3、 the overall analysis of symptoms and signsn虛脹虛脹nFlatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidneyn1.2 定義化定義化n缺陷缺陷n簡(jiǎn)約變?nèi)唛L(zhǎng)，違背科技術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯、運(yùn)用的原翻那么簡(jiǎn)約變?nèi)唛L(zhǎng)，違背科技術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯、運(yùn)用的原翻那么n和語(yǔ)境難以配合和語(yǔ)境難以配合n有礙中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)英譯邁向規(guī)范有礙中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)英譯邁向規(guī)范n簡(jiǎn)化處置簡(jiǎn)化處置n辨證論治辨證論治ntreatment based on syndrome differentiation Linidentifying patterns and d

4、etermining treatment Wisemann虛脹虛脹ndeficiency-flatulencenvacuity distensionn1.3 詞義分化詞義分化n同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)在不同語(yǔ)境下，可以有不同涵義同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)在不同語(yǔ)境下，可以有不同涵義 一詞多義一詞多義 polysemyn同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語(yǔ)表達(dá)同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語(yǔ)表達(dá) 同義詞同義詞 synonymyn虛虛nasthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunctionn1.3 詞義分化詞義分化n脾虛脾虛nasthenia of the spl

5、een Linspleen vacuity Wisemannspleen deficiency WHO draft*n脾虛水泛脾虛水泛nhypofunction of the spleen* Lin體虛體虛nweakness / debilityn1.3 詞義分化詞義分化n必須思索語(yǔ)境必須思索語(yǔ)境na 腎藏精，精舍志。腎藏精，精舍志。n精指精氣精指精氣nThe kidney stores essence and the essence maintains activities.nb 精精1傷翻那么骨痠痿厥，精傷翻那么骨痠痿厥，精2 時(shí)自下。時(shí)自下。n精精1 指腎精；指腎精； 精精2 指精液指精

6、液nThe damage of the kidney essence causes aching and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent seminal emission.n1.3 詞義分化詞義分化 續(xù)續(xù)n必須思索語(yǔ)境必須思索語(yǔ)境nc 脈理精微，其體難辨。脈理精微，其體難辨。n精精 指精深指精深nThe theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse a

7、re difficult to differentiate.n1.4 拼音化拼音化n當(dāng)英語(yǔ)無(wú)法表達(dá)中醫(yī)特有概念時(shí)，用拼音翻譯當(dāng)英語(yǔ)無(wú)法表達(dá)中醫(yī)特有概念時(shí)，用拼音翻譯n氣氣nVital energy *nQin動(dòng)筆！動(dòng)筆！ which terms should be phonetically transcribed?n四氣五味四氣五味nfour properties and five tastes Linfour natures and five flavors Wisemann滋陰降火滋陰降火nnourishing yin to reduce firenenriching yin and do

8、wnbearing firen2.1 詞匯缺口詞匯缺口 lexical gapn翻譯人員各有不同思索、偏好翻譯人員各有不同思索、偏好n五行五行nfive elements, five phases, wuxingn命門命門ngate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmenn三焦三焦nthree warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple energizers, sanjiaon五臟五臟nfive solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five zang-v

9、isceras, wuzangn2.2 了解偏向了解偏向n歷時(shí)、文化要素，使得術(shù)語(yǔ)了解困難歷時(shí)、文化要素，使得術(shù)語(yǔ)了解困難n失笑散失笑散nPowder for Lost Smiles*nSudden Smile Powdern黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)nYellow Emperors Internal Medicine *nHuangdis Canon of MedicinenHuangdis Classics on MedicinenHuangdis Internal ClassicnHuangdi Neijingn重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅素問(wèn)Plain Questions, Elementa

10、ry Questions靈樞Miraculous Pivot, Pivotal Axis, Magic Pivot類經(jīng)Systematic Compilation of the Internal Classic,Classified Canon難經(jīng)Difficult Classic*, Classic on Medical Problems*Classic of Difficult Issues傷寒雜病論Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous DiseasesOn Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases金匱要略Synop

11、sis of Golden ChamberImportant Strategies from the Golden ChestEssential Prescription of the Golden Coffern重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)Shen Nongs Herbal, The HerbalThe Canon on Medicinal HerbsDivine Husbandmans Herbal Foundation Canon本草綱目Compendium of Materia MedicaComprehensive Herbal Foundation本草備要Essent

12、ials of Materia MedicaEssential Herbal Foundation瀕湖脈學(xué)The Pulse Studies of Bin-huBin-hu Sphygmologyn重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅 續(xù)續(xù)太平惠民和劑局方Formularies of the Bureau of Peoples Welfare PharmaciesStandard Formularies of the Pharmacy for Peoples Welfare in Taiping Reign-PeriodFormulas of the Tai Ping Imperial Grace

13、 Pharmacy湯頭歌訣Recipes in Rhymes溫病條辨Detailed Analysis of Epidemic Febrile DiseasesAn Analysis on Warm DiseasesSystematized Identification of Warms Diseasesn重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅 續(xù)續(xù)時(shí)病論On Seasonal Diseases傅青主女科Fu Qing-zhus Obstetrics and Gynecology洗冤集錄Instruction to CoronersRecords of Redressing Wronged Case

14、s外臺(tái)祕(mì)要Medical Secrets of an Official *Secret Prescriptions Collected when Off-Duty *Essential Secrets from Outside the Metropolis *Essential Secrets from the Imperial Libraryn3.1 借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)n動(dòng)筆！動(dòng)筆！n心悸心悸n便秘便秘n便溏便溏n遺尿遺尿n黃疸黃疸n納呆納呆npalpitationnconstipationnloose / sloppy stoolnenuresis / incontinence*nj

15、aundicenanorexia*, poor appetite / torpid intaken3.2 直譯直譯n動(dòng)筆！動(dòng)筆！n陽(yáng)化氣陽(yáng)化氣n陰中之陰陰中之陰n木生火木生火n抑木扶土抑木扶土n補(bǔ)母瀉子補(bǔ)母瀉子 *n心開(kāi)竅於舌心開(kāi)竅於舌n脾主運(yùn)化脾主運(yùn)化 *n肺主氣司呼吸肺主氣司呼吸nyang transforming into qinyin within yinnwood generates/generating fireninhibiting wood to strengthen earthnsupplementing mother-organ and draining child org

16、annheart opens into the tonguenthe spleen governs transportation / movement and transformationnthe lung governs qi and manages respirationn3.2 直譯直譯n動(dòng)筆！動(dòng)筆！n陰陽(yáng)失調(diào)陰陽(yáng)失調(diào)n脾失健運(yùn)脾失健運(yùn)n肝不藏血肝不藏血n胃失和降胃失和降n腎陽(yáng)缺乏腎陽(yáng)缺乏nyin-yang disharmony / imbalance between yin and yangnspleen failing to move and transform / dysfunct

17、ion of spleen; failure of spleen in transportationnliver failing to store blood / inability of the liver to store bloodnimpaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach / failure of gastric qi to descendninsufficiency of kidney yang / insufficiency of renal yangn3.3 意譯意譯n天行赤眼天行赤眼nacute contagious conj

18、unctivitis vs.nheaven-current red eyen纏腰火丹纏腰火丹nherpes zoster around the waist vs.ngirdling fire cinnabarn子盜母氣子盜母氣nchild-organ disorder involving its mother organ vs.nchild steals the mothers qin3.4 音意結(jié)合音意結(jié)合n元?dú)庠獨(dú)鈔primordial qi, original qi, congenital qin正氣正氣nhealthy qi, right qi, genuine qi, vital q

19、in宗氣宗氣npectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qin中氣中氣ngastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qin營(yíng)氣營(yíng)氣nnutrient qi, construction qin腎氣腎氣nkidney-qi, renal qi*n三焦，是中醫(yī)學(xué)臟腑學(xué)說(shuō)中一個(gè)特有的名詞。nThe term, triple warmer, is peculiar to TCM.n三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合稱，為六腑之一。nIt is a collective name of the upper, middle and lower warmer

20、 and is one of the six bowels.n關(guān)於三焦的型態(tài)與實(shí)質(zhì)，中醫(yī)界眾說(shuō)紛紜，至今尚無(wú)定論。nIn the field of TCM, no unanimous conclusion has been drawn about the form and crux of the triple warmer.n普通認(rèn)為，三焦是包羅人體一切內(nèi)臟的一個(gè)大臟，nIt is generally recognized that “triple warmer is a large bowel containing all the internal organs.n如明 張介賓說(shuō)：三焦者，確

21、有一腑，蓋臟腑之外，軀殼之內(nèi)，包羅諸臟，一腔之大腑也。nFor instance, Zhang Jiebin, a medical man in the Ming dynasty, said, “Triple warmer is, in fact, a bowel. It is outside all the viscera and bowels but within the body, contains all the other organs and is the largest bowel within the body cavity.n在中醫(yī)實(shí)際中，三焦也是劃分軀體部位的一個(gè)概念。nI

22、n the theory of TCM the term “triple warmer is also used to locate the body parts.n即膈以上的部位為上焦，包括心、肺；膈以下、臍以上的部位為中焦，包括脾、胃；臍以下為下焦，包括肝、腎、大小腸、膀胱、女子胞等。nThe upper warmer is the portion of the body cavity above the diaphragm which houses the heart and the lung. The middle warmer is the portion between the d

23、iaphragm and umbilicus navel which houses the spleen and the stomach. The lower warmer is the portion below the umbilicus which houses the liver, the kidney, the urinary bladder, the intestines and the uterus.n其中肝臟，按其部位來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)歸劃中焦。nAccording to the livers location, it can be clearly seen that the liver

24、 is an organ within the middle warmer.n但中醫(yī)認(rèn)為，肝腎同源，關(guān)係親密，故將肝腎同劃歸下焦。nBut it is said that the liver is an organ within the lower warmer. Why? Because TCM believes that the liver and the kidney have the same source a common source and a close relationship, thus puts the liver into the lower warmer togeth

25、er with the kidney.n三焦的生理功能，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，是總司人體氣化。nGenerally speaking, the physiological functions of triple warmer control the activities of the qi of the human body.n分開(kāi)來(lái)說(shuō)，上焦主呼吸、主宣發(fā) 實(shí)指心、肺的功能，即把積於胸中的氣宣布、布達(dá)全身，假設(shè)霧露之溉，故稱上焦如霧；nThe upper warmer controls respiration, and activates the flow of vital energy, blood a

26、nd body fluid referring to, in fact, the functions of the heart and lung, i.e., it disperses pectoral qi accumulated in the chest to all parts of the body just as fog and dew moisten the earth. This is why TCM says that “The upper warmer is like a sprinkler for distributing nutrients and qi.n動(dòng)筆！n中焦主

27、運(yùn) 實(shí)指脾、胃的功能，即腐熟水谷，運(yùn)化精微，以化氣血，故喻之為中焦如漚；nThe middle warmer functions in transportation and transformation referring to in fact, the functions of the spleen and stomach, i.e. it ferments water and food and transports and transforms food essence in order to produce vital energy and blood. Therefore, it is

28、 likened to a fermentation tun, where food is digested.n動(dòng)筆！n下焦主分別清濁、排泄尿液與大便 實(shí)指腎、小腸、大腸、膀胱的功能，以上生理功能均具有向下、向外排泄的特點(diǎn)故稱下焦如瀆。nThe lower warmer separates clear fluid from turbid fluid and discharges urine and stool, referring to, in fact, the functions of the kidney, the small intestine, the large intestine

29、 and the urinary bladder. These two physiological functions mentioned above are characterized by excreting wastes downwards and outwards. It is said that the lower warmer works like gutters, to filter and drain off waste and superfluous water.n三焦的這些生理功能，實(shí)際上是體內(nèi)各臟腑功能的總合。nIn fact, all these physiologic

30、al functions of the triple warmer are the sum total of the activities of all the viscera and bowels in the body.n在病理上，上、中、下三焦異常所出現(xiàn)的病證，實(shí)際上也是各部位臟腑功能的異常表現(xiàn)。nPathologically, diseases disease patterns due to an abnormality of upper, or middle, or lower warmer are manifestations of dysfunctions of the visc

31、era or bowels within it.nPhysiologically, two aspects are involved in the relationship between the lung and the spleen.nThe lung and the spleen are physiologically related in two ways.nOne is the production of the pectoral qi.nThe lung is responsible for inhaling fresh air and the spleen for absorbi

32、ng food nutrients through transportation and transformation.nThe accumulation of the fresh air and food nutrients in the chest eventually transforms into the pectoral qi.nThus the normal function of the lung and the spleen are prerequisite to sufficient production of the pectoral qi.nNormal functioning of the lung and the spleen are thus essential for sufficient production of the pectoral qi.nSufficient production of the pectoral qi depen