中考英語補全對話備考策略

1、中考補全對話備考策略河南省實驗中學 黃德懷 補全對話在河南省的考試題型為根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容填入適當?shù)木渥?，使對話意思完整通順，分值?0分。在設題的特點上分為三類：日常交際用語及其應答。 具體情景語境題。綜合設題。出題的形式為補全對上句問題的回答或者是補全對下句所回答問題的提問，有的則側重考查補全在對話中起承上啟下作用的句子。要做好補全對話類的試題，除了熟悉常用功能意念語言之外，還要學會從上下文的語境來推測信息，整體把握對話的主題，所寫句子只要符合語境，無語法錯誤即可得分。河南中考對此類試題的評分標準也是非常開放的。一、考查目的補全對話是我省歷年中考的必考試題，它主要是考查學生用英語語言進行實際交際

2、的能力，考查學生是否能把平時學到的語言知識升華成語言技能，補全對話是在不具備考查口語條件的情況下間接對學生口語考查的試題。而且補全對話的分值也有逐漸提高的趨勢。因此在整個初三復習的過程中，對這一部分的復習要引起學生足夠的重視。二、考查內(nèi)容補全對話題的內(nèi)容主要是基于課本，以新課標中所列的日常生活的話題為主，英語新課程標準要求學生掌握初中畢業(yè)生學會使用一些常用的功能意念項目以達到初步交際的目的。這些功能意念項目包括：問候、介紹、告別、感謝、道歉、邀請、請求允許、祝愿和祝賀、提供幫助、約會、打電話、就餐、就醫(yī)、購物、問路、談論天氣、語言交際困難、提醒注意、勸告、建議等20個項目。三、試題形式出題的形

3、式為補全對上句問題的回答或者是補全對下句所回答問題的提問。題型有選擇式、邏輯排列式、填詞式、填句式等。就我省中考題型而言，補全對話只有一種形式，就是根據(jù)上下文語境填寫對話中所空出的語句，這就要求學生在平時的學習中，要注意交際語言量的積累，在復習的過程中要側重應試能力以及應試技巧的培養(yǎng)。 四、解題步驟1.通讀對話,仔細審題 學生應將對話從頭至尾通讀一遍,并根據(jù)對話所給的情景判斷出談話雙方的關系，談話地點，談話方式，談話話題內(nèi)容等基本情況。從而對癥下藥,從頭腦中提取所需的習慣用語， 為順利地完成此題做好準備。 2. 分析對話，試填答案根據(jù)通讀整個對話所獲得的信息試探性地猜測所需語句。試填答案時，一

4、要問答一致并根據(jù)所學關方面典型句型來試填。二要注意對話的表達要符合西方人的風俗習慣。英漢兩種語言對日常生活中的同一話題可能會有不同的表達方式。不同的中西文化差異，要靠我們在平時的學習中注意積累、歸納與總結。由于東西方的文化差異，當中國學生學英語時，難免有時會用漢語進行思維，這樣多少會反映出漢語言特色，說出不地道的英語。但學習語言，同時也是學習一種文化，我們有必要學習標準的英語表達法，熟記具有文化差異的典型例句。3.逐字細讀，確定答案要求學生把整個對話重讀一遍，檢查問答是否一致，對話是不是通順，流暢，前后句子是不是符合邏輯，是否符合習慣用法。首字母、標點是不是書寫正確。4.復讀整個對話，驗證答案

5、所有空白都填好以后,還不是最后完成，還要驗證。這時同學們要再認真仔細地閱讀全文，對所有的答案逐個再做一次復檢，細心審查，注意細枝末節(jié)，糾正包括大小寫、標點、時態(tài)、語態(tài)及表達法等在內(nèi)的任何錯誤，只有耐心細致，才能確保萬無一失。 五、復習指導1. 重視課本， 梳理知識，熟記表達法。同學們要收集課文中出現(xiàn)的常用交際用語，對課文和對話中有關的購物、打電話、問路、看病等有關對話要反復練習，因為一些話題在中考試題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，最好要求學生們能完全背誦下來。這樣就能避免“書到用時方恨少”的遺憾。雖然試題中的補全對話有變化，但萬變不離其中，基本不脫離課文和對話的原形。在整個初中學習過程中，學生會學習到許多具有語

6、言功能的短句，單獨記憶這些短句比較困難。但如果引導學生對不同的語言功能短句進行歸納和整理，形成不同的知識板快，那么學生在做題過程中就會得心應手了。因此,復習時可以讓學生根據(jù)22個交際項目,將日常用語歸納到相應的知識板塊，這樣學生就會擁有一個完備的知識體系了。2.歸納總結功能相同的句型： 感謝類： Thanks！ Thank you！ Thanks a lot！ Thank you very much! Thank you very，very much!答謝類： Thats all right . 沒關系. Thats OK. 沒關系. Not at all. 不用謝. You are welc

7、ome.不必謝. Its a pleasure.道歉類： Sorry. I am sorry I am sorry for 應答類： Thats all right. It doesnt matter. Thats nothing.建議類： You had better Shall we do ? What about doing ? How about doing ? Why not do ? Lets do sth OK ? Would you like some ?同意類： OK. Sure. Certainly. All right. Yes, please. Yes, I think

8、 so. I agree with you.不同意類： I am afraid not. Sorry, I dont think so. I really cant agree with you. 祝愿祝賀類 Good Luck to you! Best wishes! Have a good (nice) time! Congratulations to you! Happy Teachers Day! Happy birthday to you! Happy New Year! Merry Christmas!3. 熟記“問” 字句型問天氣： Whats the weather like

9、today? How is the weather today?問時間： Whats the time? What time is it?問職業(yè)： Whats your father? Whats your fathers job? What does your father do?問價格： Whats the price of the book? How much is the book? How much does the book cost? How much should I pay for the book?問年齡： How old are you? Whats your age?

10、問地址： What do you live? Whats your address?問姓名： Whats your name? Could I have your name, please? Do you mind my knowing your name? Do you mind if I know your name? Can you tell me your name?問詞意： What do you mean by saying the word? Whats the meaning of the word? What does the word mean?問單位： Where do

11、you work? What company are you working for?問愛好： Which do you like best? Which do you prefer? Whats your hobby? Whats your favorite?問感受： What do you think of the film? How do you like the film?問數(shù)量： How many people are there in your family? How much water do you drink every day?問人口： Whats the populati

12、on of China? How many people are there in China? How large is the population of China?問路線： Which is the way to the station? Do you know the way to the station? Can you tell me the way to the station? How can I get to the station?問尺寸： What size is your sweater? What size do you want? What size do you

13、 need?問距離： How far is your school from here? How far away is your school from here?問日期： Whats the date today?問星期： What day is it today?問高度： How tall are you? Whats your height? How high is the mountain?問寬度： How wide is the river?問長度： How long is the bridge?問體重： Whats your weight? How much do you wei

14、gh? 問電話： Can I know your telephone number? Whats your telephone number?4. 巧練多思, 熟能生巧。在鞏固練習階段，學生可以遵循由淺入深的認知規(guī)律，先練簡單的再練復雜的，并在做題中運用做題技巧，鞏固基礎知識，達到不斷提高的目的。在平時的學習過程中學生要反復朗讀，對重點句型要熟記在心。然后再通過大量的練習加以鞏固，這樣就為做好本題做好了知識鋪墊。但不要只簡單背誦所學句式，而是應該靈活運用所學句型來解決實際問題。同時還要注意，要想掌握一種語言，在缺乏必要的語言環(huán)境的條件下，實在沒有什么捷徑可走。 概括起來，只有四個字：下苦功夫。

15、俗話說“熟能生巧”，“熟練”是與人會話的前提，只有熟練，在會話時才能流利。熟練的標準就是要達到不假思索地脫口而出。要想取得好成績必須能夠做到這一點。六、試題案例（一）看病 A：Good morning.B：Good morning. Whats wrong with you?A：I dont feel very well and Ive a headache.B：How long have you been like this?A：Ever since this morning.B：Maybe youve caught a cold. Have you taken your temperatu

16、re?A：No, I havent.B：Can I take your temperature?A：OK.B：Oh, youve got a fever.A：Is it serious?B：Nothing serious.A：What should I do then?B：You can take some medicine and drink much water.A：How often should I take this medicine?B：You can take this medicine three times a day and youll be all right soon.

17、A：Thank you, doctor. Ill do as you say. Bye!B：Bye!（二）打電話J-Jim M-Mrs ReadJ：Hello. Could I speak to Ann, please?M：Certainly. Hold on, please. Oh, Im afraid. She isnt here right now.J：Can I leave a message for her?M：Yes, please. But who is that?J：This is Jim speaking.M：Hello, Jim. Can I take a message

18、for you?J：Yes. Could you ask her to call me?M：Sure! Whats your telephone number?J：My telephone number is 1234567.M：Ill give the message to her as soon as she comes back.J：Thank you. Good-bye!M：Bye!（三）購物 A：Good morning. Can I help you?B：Yes, please. I want to buy a pair of shoes. Can you show me one?

19、A：What size do you need?B：Size 38.A：How about those ones?B：I dont like this color. Have you got any other colors?A：Yes. How about this one?B：It looks nice. Can I try them on?A：Sure.B：Oh, its just right. Where is it made?A：Its made in Japan. Its very comfortable.B：How much are they?A：100 yuan.B：Its t

20、oo expensive. I cant afford it. Have you got a cheaper one?A：Well. Im afraid its the cheapest one.B：OK. Ill take it. Here is the money.A：Thank you. Good-bye!B：Bye!（四）問路A：Excuse me. Where is the nearest post office, please?B： Sorry，I dont know. Youd better ask the policeman over there. He may know.A：

21、Thank you all the same.B：Excuse me. Which is the way to the post office, please?C：Go down this street and take the first turning on the right. Go across the bridge and youll find the post office on the left. Its between the city library and the hospital. You cant miss it.A：How far is it from here?C：

22、Its about 30 minutes walk. Youd better catch a bus.A：Which bus do I need?C：I think you need a number 16 bus. The bus will take you there.A：Thank you very much.C：Youre welcome.（五）約定A：What are you going to do next Sunday?B：Nothing much（Nothing special）.A：Shall we go to the park and play football?B：Goo

23、d idea.A：How can we get there?B：By bike.A：Where shall we meet?B：How about meeting at the gate of our school?A：When shall we meet?B：At 8:30.A：Why not meet a little earlier? Lets make it half past seven.B：OK.A：See you then.B：See you.（六）詢問病情A：Good morning. Xiao Xue!B：Good morning. Lin Lin!A：I dont see

24、Zhou Tao today. Do you know where he is?B：Yes. He is in hospital.A：Whats wrong with him?B：Yesterday evening he felt terrible. He had a pain in his teeth and his father took him to the hospital.A：What happened to him then?B：One of his teeth is broken. The doctor took it out.A：Im sorry to hear that. H

25、e always eats a lot of sweets.B：Yes. But he wont eat them any more.A：How is Zhou Tao feeling now?B：I dont know. Lets visit him after school. OK?A：OK!(7)聊天A：Hello! Nice to meet youB：Nice to meet you, tooA：What bad weather, isnt it?B：Yes, but I think the sun will come out later onA：May I ask you some

26、questions?B：Certainly.A：Where are you from?B：Im fromA：Youre from Australia, arent you?B：Yes. How did you guess?A：The way you speak. When were you born?B：I was born on August 8 ,1988A：Where were you born?B：I was born in a small village near London.A：Why did you come to China?B：Because my parents want

27、ed to work in China.A：How do you like China?B：I like it very much.A：What do you like about China？B：The people and the food.A：How is your Chinese？B：My Chinese is just so-so. Im trying my best to study my Chinese well.A：Thats great. Good luck with your Chinese. （八）就餐Waiter：Good morning ,madamA and B：G

28、ood morning.W：A table for two？A：Yes. Can we sit at the table by the window？W：OK. This way, please. Here is the menu.A：Thank you.W：May I take your order now？A：Yes, Well have chicken with potatoes、beef 、rice and vegetable soup.W：Thats what you ordered, please take your time. (After the meal)A：Excuse m

29、e, Could we have some tea, please？W：certainly. Would you like something else?A：No. thats all. Could we have the bill?W：Of course. Sir.A：Here is the money.W：Thank you. Welcome you here again.（九）做客H-Han Mei T-Twins L-LilyH：Would you like a drink?T：Yes, please.H：Ill get you some tea.T：Can we do anythin

30、g to help?H：No, thanks. Here are some cookies. Help yourselves.T：Thank you.L：Well. I think its time for us to leave now?H：Oh, do you have to?L：Yes, Im afraid so. Its getting late and we have to get up early in the morning.H：Dont leave anything behind.L：Thanks. I think we have everything. Thank you f

31、or having us. We enjoyed ourselves very much.H：Im happy you did. Bye!(十) 交通事故A：Excuse me. What has happened?B：A car hit an electric pole.A：When did it happen?B：About ten minutes ago.A：Has anyone called the police?B：Yes, but the police havent come.A：Is anyone hurt?B：Yes, a man is hurt, but not badly.

32、A：Has he gone to the hospital?B：No, he is waiting for the police to come. After the survey he will go to the hospital.七、試題精選薈萃（1）Doctor: Good morning . Whats your trouble?Woman: I dont feel very well.D:1._?W: Yes, I have. My temperature is a little higher.D: Open your mouth and say “Ah”.W: AahhD: 2.

33、_? W: Ever since last night.D: Did your sleep well?W: No, I was very tired last night.D: Oh, I see. 3. _. W: Can you tell me how I got a cold?D: Maybe you overworked yourself.W: I think so. I have too much work to do every day. Do I have to stay at home? D: Yes. Youd better stay at home for two or t

34、hree days.W: 4. _?D: No. I dont think it is serious. But you really need a good rest and take this medicine.W: 5. _?D: Three times a day.W: OK. Thank you. (2)A: 1._?B: They are talking about yesterdays football match.A: Oh, I watched it on TV. Beijing Team had very good teamwork. Didnt you watch it?

35、B: 2. _. I did my homework and forgot the time. When I turned on the TV, it had finished already.A: 3. _! But Beijing Team will play again this evening.B: 4. _?A: Sure. Youd better finish your homework earlier if you want to watch it. Remember, “5. _.” (3)B: Thats a good idea. (Looking at his watch.

36、) Oh, I havent much time left. Id better hurry to finish my homework.A: 1. _?B: Not yet. Exercise 3 is too difficult for me.A: Dont worry. 2 _.B: Its very kind of you. But I think I can do it myself. Can you lend me your English-Chinese dictionary?A: With pleasure. 3. _.B: Thanks. 4. _, is Miss Gao

37、at the teachers office?A: Oh, no. Shes out at the moment.B: 5._? Do you know? I have some questions to ask her.A: I think she is at the library. She told me she wanted to borrow some books.B: I have to wait for her. (4)Dick: Excuse me, Lucy. Have you g bot a dictionary?Lucy: Sorry, I havent. You may

38、 ask Meimei. 1._.Dick: Excuse me, Meimei. Have you got a dictionary?Meimei: Yes. 2. _.Dick: Thank you. Ill give it back soon. By the way, tomorrow is my birthday.3. _?Meimei: Yes, Id love to. 4._?Dick: About seven o clock.Meimei: Ill try to be there on time, but 5._.Dick: It doesnt matter. Work must

39、 come first. (5)(Sue=S Ken=K)S: Hello, Ken! Could you give me a lift?K: 1._, I dont have a car right nowS: Oh, thats too bad! I want to go to the Central Hospital.K: Why? 2_?S: No, Im all right. My English teacher is there. She is ill now and is to leave the hospital today.K: I see. 3. _?S: Ive alre

40、ady got some flowers from my mothers garden.K: Well, well. 4. _.S: But, what a pity! I cant see Linda now. No car and no driver.K: Wrong. You have a good driver here. 5. _.S: Really? Thats great. Its very kind of you, Ken.K: Its my pleasure. (6)(Zhang=Z Mr.Smith=M)Z: Hello, are you Mr. Smith from th

41、e United States?M: Yes, Robert Smith. Please call me Robert. . 1. _.Z: My pleasure. Welcome to China. My name is Zhang Lin. You can call me Lin. This is my card.M: Thank you. And 2. _.Z: Oh, good, thanks. How was the journey?M: 3. _, although a little tiring.Z: Then lets get your things and go to th

42、e hotel now.M: Oh, thank you. 4. _?Z: Its about thirty minutes drive. By the way, we are going to have a dinner party for you this evening.M: Its very kind of you. 5. _?Z: Six thirty. Ill pick you up at six oclock.M: OK. See you then.Z: Bye. (7)(Robert=R Jack=J)J: Hello, Robert. Are you free on Satu

43、rday morning?R: Yes. 1._?J: There is a basketball match at the Sports Center. Do you want to watch it?R: Sure. 2. _?J: Our school Vs No. 1 Middle School.R: 3. _! Lets go to cheer for our team.J: Yeah. No.1 Middle School Team is not easy to beat.R: So the match will be exciting. 4. _?J: 8:30. Do you

44、think you can get up on time?R: Of course. 5. _.J: OK. There will be three school buses waiting for us in front of the library. Lets meet there at 8:30.R: All right. See you then. (8)A: Morning! What can I do for you?B: Wed like to make a trip for a weekend holiday, please.A: There are many travel p

45、aths. 1. _?B: Wed like to choose Jinggang mountains.A: Its really worth visiting. 2. _?B: Were not sure. Which hotel do you think is comfortable?A: The Holiday Hone is very good. Whats more important, 3. _.B: We dont want to live in an expensive hotel. Thats what well do.A: 4. _?B: OK. Ill ask my wi

46、fe to fill in this form. By the way, Is it all right if we pay by credit card?A: 5. _. Enjoy your weekend.B: Thank you. (9)A: Hi, Bruce. Good news for you.B: 1._?A: You won the first prize in the English competition.B: Wow! Im so glad to hear that. 2._?A: Our English teacher did. She said three of t

47、he students in our class won the prize.B: What about you?A: 3. _, too. I think I was lucky this time.B: So great! Congratulations!A: Its a great day for us today. Lets go out and relax ourselves, shall we?B: Good idea. But 4._?A: To the park, OK? B: All right. But I have to go home and tell my mothe

48、r first. See you later.A: 5. _. (10)A: Hi, Tom. You were not here yesterday afternoon. What was wrong?B. 1. _.A: Sorry to hear that. 2. _?B. Much better. The fever is gone. But I still cough and I feel weak.A: 3. _?B: Yes, I have. I went to the doctors yesterday afternoon. The doctor gave me some medicine and asked me to stay in bed for a few days.A: 4. _?B: Because