仲偉合英語口譯教程

1、仲偉合：英語口譯教程（選摘）A Coursebook of Interpreting Between English and Chinese英語口譯教程第一單元口譯記憶（I）第一部分技能篇1. 為什么需要記憶訓(xùn)練? “口譯指的是用一種語言（譯入語）把另外一種語言（源語）所表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容，以與原語發(fā)言人幾乎同步的速度或連續(xù)傳替的形式準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的一種口頭翻譯方式(Mahmoodzadeh:1992:231)?！?無論是對初學(xué)者還是經(jīng)驗豐富的譯員來說，口譯不啻為一項極具挑戰(zhàn)意義的工作。正如Phelan 所指出的那樣，“口譯時譯員切忌粗枝大葉，否則可能毀掉整個會議”(2001:4). Phelan 認(rèn)為

2、合格的譯員應(yīng)“具備較好的短期記憶來存儲聽取到的信息，較強(qiáng)的長期記憶能力以便在具體語境中分析信息，能高度集中注意力以分析和處理原語信息(2001:4-5)。”Mahmoodzadeh 也指出熟練的口譯員應(yīng)有較強(qiáng)的記憶能力(1992:233)。Daniel Gile (1995)通過口譯實踐和觀察強(qiáng)調(diào)口譯過程中可能出現(xiàn)的困難及其應(yīng)對措施，并進(jìn)一步提出了能力負(fù)荷模式（Effort Models）。他認(rèn)為，能力負(fù)荷模式可以幫助譯員了解口譯的困難所在并選擇合適的應(yīng)對策略。能力負(fù)荷模式是以“加工能力”（Processing Capacity）的概念和“某些腦力活動需要較多的加工能力”的事實為理論基礎(chǔ)的(1

3、992:191)。Gile 提出連續(xù)傳譯包括兩個階段：即聽取和理解信息階段及信息重組階段(1995b:179)： 第一階段: I=L+M+N I=口譯, L=聽取并分析原語信息, M=從聽到信息到以筆記形式存儲信息所需要的短期記憶，N=筆記. 第二階段: I= Rem+Read+P 在這一階段，譯員從短期記憶中提取并解構(gòu)原語信息(Rem), 讀取筆記(N)，然后重新產(chǎn)出譯語信息(P)。Gile 對同聲傳譯的闡釋為：SI=L+M+P SI=同聲傳譯. L=聽力理解, 包括從載有原語信息的聲波傳入譯員耳朵到譯員辨認(rèn)出單詞，最后做出判斷， 在腦中形成原語所表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容或概念的全過程。M=短期記憶,

4、 包括將所聽到的信息存儲在短期記憶中直至譯語信息產(chǎn)出等所有的腦力活動。P=翻譯產(chǎn)出, 指在獲得原語思想內(nèi)容或概念后用譯入語重新組織安排句子，直至輸出譯語的過程(1995a:93)。Gile 強(qiáng)調(diào)口譯需要短期記憶主要是因為譯員需要在記憶中存儲命題信息直至聽眾完全接收到該命題信息。同聲傳譯中信息存儲尤其艱難，因為所要存儲的信息量大，且與原語發(fā)言人的同步性要求極快的存儲和提取速度(1995a:97-98)。Gile 強(qiáng)調(diào)無論是連續(xù)傳譯還是同聲傳譯中，短期記憶都起著非常重要的作用。事實上，短期記憶能力是在譯員訓(xùn)練的首要階段應(yīng)培養(yǎng)譯員的具體技巧之一。2. 口譯中的記憶2.1 短期記憶與長期記憶對人類記憶

5、的心理學(xué)研究嚴(yán)格區(qū)分了短期記憶(STM)和長期記憶(LTM). 短期記憶意味著短時間存儲信息但并不保證信息提取的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。長期記憶則指為保證幾個星期，幾個月甚至數(shù)年后提取信息而建立信息存儲的神經(jīng)機(jī)制等過程。長期記憶是一個學(xué)習(xí)的過程，并在譯員獲取知識的過程中起著重要作用，因為長期記憶所存儲的信息可能持續(xù)幾個星期，幾個月甚至整個一生。而短期記憶存儲時間較短：最多30 秒。Peterson (1959) 認(rèn)為短期記憶時間大約6 - 12 秒, Atkinson、Shiffrin (1968)和Hebb (1949) 則提出為30 秒。口譯中記憶持續(xù)時間更短。一個口譯任務(wù)結(jié)束后，譯員馬上開始另一個任務(wù)

6、，且大多數(shù)情況下各個任務(wù)的口譯語境，主題及發(fā)言人都是不一樣。因此，譯員記憶培訓(xùn)應(yīng)集中訓(xùn)練短期記憶能力和技巧。2.2 短期記憶的主要特點(diǎn)信息輸入: 一般而言，從刺激源受到注意起，信息即進(jìn)入了短期記憶。根據(jù)Sperling(1960) 和Crowden(1982)的研究，該時間大約為四分之一秒。但McKay's (1973, in Radford and Govier, 1991: 382)的研究結(jié)果表明尚未引起注意的信息也可能進(jìn)入短期記憶。信息容量: 如前所述，短期記憶容量是有限的。Atkinson 和Shiffrin (1968) 提出容量為個信息點(diǎn)(items). Miller (1

7、956) 表明為個信息塊（chunks）。也有人認(rèn)為：不是短期記憶存儲容量而是其處理能力有限(Gross:1990:55)。記憶形態(tài): 要在短期記憶中存儲信息，則必須進(jìn)行信息編碼，其運(yùn)作形式多樣。主要有種： (1) 聲音(音素) 編碼: 為次元音語音復(fù)述rehearsing through sub-vocal sounds (Conrad, 1964 and Baddeley:1966). (2) 視覺編碼: 為以圖片而不是語音形式存儲信息。特別是很難用語言表達(dá)但需存儲的非語言信息需要此種編碼。少數(shù)人可能有“照相式記憶能力”（photographic memory），但對大多數(shù)人而言，視覺編碼

8、并沒有如此有效。(3) 語義編碼: 為賦予信息抽象的意義。信息丟失: 主要有三種理論可以解釋我們可能忘記短期記憶中存儲的信息的原因：(1) 替換當(dāng)存儲容量已滿時原有信息可能被新的信息所替換(2) 衰減隨著時間推移，信息可能衰減(3) 干擾同時存儲的信息之間互相干擾。信息提取: 從短期記憶中提取信息的形式: (1) 串行處理短期記憶中的信息點(diǎn)逐個進(jìn)行處理，直到所需的信息得以提取。(2) 激活對處于臨界狀態(tài)的特別信息進(jìn)行激活。啟動被動記憶。參考書目： Anderson, J.R., 1983. The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvar

9、d University Press. Dollerup, G & Lindegaard, A, 1992, Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2: Insights, Aims, Visions, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Gile, D, 1995b, Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training,Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Ku

10、rz, I, 1992, "'Shadowing' Exercises In Interpreter Training", in Dollerup,C and Loddegaard,A (eds), 245-250 Lambert, S & Moser-Mercer,B, 1994, Bridging the Gap: Empirical Research on Simultaneous Interpreting, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Mahmoodzadeh, K, 1992,

11、"Consecutive Interpreting: its principles and techniques", in Dollerup,C and Loddegaard,A (eds), 231-236 Miller,G., 1956. "The Magic Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits of our Capacity for Processing Information", in Psychological Review, 63, 81-97. Peterson, R.L., and P

12、eterson, M.J., 1959. "Short term retention of individual items", in Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193 - 198. Phelan,M, 2001, The Interpreter's Resource, Clevedon,Buffalo,Toronto,Sydney: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Setton, R, 1999, Simultaneous Interpretation: A Cognitive-Pragma

13、tic Analysis, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins第二部分練習(xí)篇Exercise One Listen to the following texts and then reproduce in the same language at the end of each segement: Text 1.1 Mr Governor, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to be invited to attend the Guangdong Governors Interna

14、tional Advisory Council Meeting./ I would like to take this opportunity to highlight our report to the Governor and share with you our view on the role of telecommunications and information infrastructure (ICT) in the economic development./ International experience suggests that Information and comm

15、unication technology (ICT) infrastructure and services can have a substantial impact on the competitiveness of firms, nations, and regions. The most important impact of ICT does not come from manufacturing ICT goods, but from investing in and using ICT infrastructure and services./ According to the

16、ITU, global telecommunications services sales reached US$ 1.1 trillion in 2002, more than three times the value of telecommunications equipment sales of US$335 billion. The value created by use of telecommunications services is estimated to be far higher than the total services revenue. Thus investm

17、ent in ICT infrastructure creates value many times that of the investment itself. / Firm level studies show that ICT investments help firms gain competitiveness through improved efficiency, reduced inventories, better designs, and faster rates of innovation. ICT allows firms to increase the efficien

18、cy of their business processes by decreasing procurement and transaction costs, improving accounting and control, enhancing management systems, and streamlining their supply chains./ Several studies also indicate that ICT is a key driver of productivity and growth. There are several distinctive feat

19、ures of ICT that make them particularly important to national and regional economies, which include the pervasive and cross-cutting nature of ICT, the low or declining marginal costs of using the technologies, the ability to foster efficiency gains through streamlining supply chains, the facilitatio

20、n of the creation of entirely new business models and industries, and the global nature of ICT./ All of these characteristics imply that ICT can have an important impact on competitiveness and economic development./ Text 1.2 主席先生： 我很高興參加2001國際投資論壇。我愿意借此機(jī)會，向大家介紹一下中國加入WTO 談判和對外開放的有關(guān)情況。/ 15 年“復(fù)關(guān)”和加入WTO

21、 的馬拉松談判到今天應(yīng)該說已經(jīng)到了最后階段。繼1999 年11 月中美達(dá)成雙邊協(xié)議，2000 年5 月中歐達(dá)成雙邊協(xié)議后，中國加入WTO 進(jìn)程加快，截止2000 年9 月，除墨西哥外，雙邊談判已經(jīng)基本結(jié)束。墨方曾多次表示即使不能達(dá)成協(xié)議， 也不會影響中國加入WTO 的進(jìn)程。/ 自2000 年6、7 月起，我國加入WTO 轉(zhuǎn)入多邊談判，中國與WTO 成員就中國加入WTO 的多邊法律文件（包括議定書及附件和工作組報告書）進(jìn)行了磋商，談判取得了重要進(jìn)展。/ 今年6 月初上海APEC 貿(mào)易部長會議期間，我部石廣生部長與美國貿(mào)易代表佐立克就我國加入WTO 多邊談判的主要遺留問題進(jìn)行了磋商，并達(dá)成了全面共

22、識。接著，石部長又率團(tuán)赴歐盟與歐盟貿(mào)易委員拉米就中國加入WTO 的有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了建設(shè)性的磋商，也達(dá)成了全面共識，從而為中國在年內(nèi)加入WTO 創(chuàng)造了重要條件。/ 今年6 月和7 月分別召開的WTO 第16、17 次工作組通過了我加入WTO 的議定書草案和工作組報告書草案的最后案文，下周將舉行WTO 工作組第18 次會議，宣布WTO 中國工作組結(jié)束工作，將上述文件提交WTO 成員審批后，于11 月送WTO 總理事會或部長級會議通過。/ 女士們，先生們，中國加入WTO，意味著中國參與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)程正在加快，隨著這一進(jìn)程的加快，將會進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)中國與世界各國經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易關(guān)系的發(fā)展。/ 中國實行的改革開放政策

23、是中國參與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本條件。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的目標(biāo)是建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)，這將使中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行體制與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制建立在一個共同的基礎(chǔ)上，并確保中國參與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)程不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。中國參與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)程不僅有利于中國，而且有利于全世界。/ (外經(jīng)貿(mào)部副部長龍永圖在2001“國際投資論壇”上的演講節(jié)選) Exercise Two Instruction: Listen to the following texts once, then start interpreting at the end of each segement. Text 2.1 Each of you is a witness

24、to that potential, in what you have learned and achieved here, and in your own hopes for the future. Twenty years ago, almost to the day, President Ronald Reagan spoke at this university and expressed the essence of economic and political freedom. / It is based, he said, on a belief in the dignity o

25、f each man, woman , and child. Free institutions, he said, reflect, in appreciation of the special genius of each individual, and of his special right to make his own decisions and lead his own life./ 諸位在這里學(xué)業(yè)有成，諸位對未來充滿憧憬，在座的每一位都是這種潛力的見證。幾乎在整整二十年前，里根總統(tǒng)曾到貴校發(fā)表演講，道出了經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治自由的真諦，他說，自由的根基在于堅持男女老幼都具有尊嚴(yán)的信念。他

26、還說，自由的制度反映了尊重每一個人特有的聰明才智，尊重每一個人擁有自主自決、自由自在生活的特定權(quán)利。Compared to President Nixons, or even President Reagans day, many Chinese citizens are now freer to make their own ways in life to choose careers, to acquire property, and to travel. And across this land are many millions of young people just like yo

27、u, with their own abilities and their own expectations of a better life for themselves, their families and their country./ 與尼克松總統(tǒng)訪華甚至里根總統(tǒng)訪華的時期相比，如今大量中國公民獲得了更多的自由，正在開拓自己的生活道路。他們可以選擇職業(yè)，購置產(chǎn)業(yè)和外出旅行。全中國各地有許許多多與諸位一樣的年輕人，他們依靠自己的能力，殷切希望他們自己和自己的家人生活蒸蒸日上，期盼國家繁榮昌盛。On the path of reform that began a quarter-cent

28、ury ago, the Chinese people have make great strides. Over the past twenty-five years, Chinas rapid and sustained economic growth has lifted the living standards of many citizens and raised China into the ranks of the worlds largest economies./ You have reduced poverty, and in recent years, have cons

29、istently reported high economic growth rates. This dramatic economic progress shows what is possible when governments leave more decision-making power in the hands of private enterprises and individuals above all, it is a tribute to the Chinese citizens whose talents and daily efforts are making thi

30、s a vibrant modern economy. / 在始于25 年前的改革道路上，中國人民取得了長足的進(jìn)展。25 年來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長，提高了許多公民的生活水平，使中國躋身于世界最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的行列。貴國減少了貧困，近年來始終保持高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率。這種種巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就表明，政府允許私營企業(yè)和個人享有更多的決策權(quán)能帶來什么樣的變化。歸根結(jié)底，這是對中國公民的一曲頌歌。正是由于中國公民的聰明才智和日復(fù)一日的辛勤勞動，中國現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)才能如此生機(jī)勃勃。Chinas economic success has also come about through far greater integrati

31、on into the world economy. In the last two decades, your country has emerged as a major exporter of all kinds of manufactured goods, from heavy machinery, to computers, to toys. / China has gained enormously from access to foreign markets. Its development has also been fed by vast inflows of investm

32、ent capital over 50 billion dollars last year alone and by imports of foreign technology, and the ever-increasing quantities of energy and raw materials necessary to sustain growth. /中國經(jīng)濟(jì)取得的成就也是更大程度融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的結(jié)果。過去20 年來，貴國已經(jīng)成為各類制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品的出口大國，從重型機(jī)械、電腦到玩具應(yīng)有盡有。中國產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入外國市場， 因此獲得巨大的利益。中國的發(fā)展還因外來投資大量涌入僅去年一年，外來投資已超

33、過五百億美元及吸收外國技術(shù)和獲得持續(xù)增長所需的源源不絕的能源和原材料供應(yīng)獲得動力。Chinas progress is part of a much wider story. So many of the great nations of Asia began the 20th Century ruled by colonial powers, or by dynasty, or bitterly divided by civil strife. And throughout that century, ideologies of violence and malice took hold i

34、n Asia, as they did in Europe, and caused terrible harm and grief. Now the people of Asia are writing a different chapter. Great nations in this region have entered the 21st Century as independent peoples, growing in prosperity and individual freedom. / 中國取得的成就已成為在更大范圍內(nèi)取得進(jìn)展的組成部份。在進(jìn)入二十世紀(jì)之時，亞洲許多偉大的國家或

35、者處于列強(qiáng)的殖民統(tǒng)治之下，或者仍實行王朝制度，或者因國內(nèi)沖突而四分五裂。整個二十世紀(jì)，主張暴力和仇恨的思潮在亞洲和歐洲泛濫，造成了極大的傷害和痛苦。如今，亞洲人民正譜寫截然不同的新篇章，在這個地區(qū)，一個個偉大的國家，一批批獨(dú)立自主的人民跨入二十一世紀(jì)，國家日益繁榮昌盛，個人的自由程度也越來越高。（2004 年4 月15 日，美國副總統(tǒng)Dick Cheney 在復(fù)旦大學(xué)的演講，節(jié)選） Text 2.2. Party Secretary Zhang , Governor Huang , Ladies and Gentlemen. Good morning. Thank you for inviti

36、ng BP to contribute once again to the discussions of the Advisory Board./ 張書記、黃省長，女士們、先生們， 早上好。感謝你們再次邀請BP 公司參加廣東省長國際顧問委員會的討論。It has been a fascinating experience for us to be a part of the extraordinary growth and development of Guangdong over the last few years. This is a province that has become a

37、 leader in many respects / 過去數(shù)年中，BP 公司成為廣東經(jīng)濟(jì)超高速增長和超常發(fā)展中的部分，對此我們深感榮幸。廣東是一個在眾多領(lǐng)域都居于領(lǐng)先地位的省份： leading China in a range of industries, from electronics to plastics, watches to footwear; leading the programme of reform and openness to world markets; and leading in economic growth, with the Pearl River Del

38、ta being the fastest growing part of the fastest growing Province in the fastest growing large economy in the world. / -在從電子到塑膠、從鐘表到鞋類的一系列產(chǎn)業(yè)中在中國居于領(lǐng)先地位； -在通向世界市場的改革開放進(jìn)程中，在中國居于領(lǐng)先地位； -在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中居于領(lǐng)先地位，而珠江三角洲是全世界增長最快的大型經(jīng)濟(jì)體中、增長最快的省份中、增長最快的部分。So the question now is this. What next for Guangdong? How can we bu

39、ild on this success? Can we recreate the economic miracle of the last two decades in the years ahead? These questions are addressed in a paper which we are presenting to the Advisory Board today./ 因此，我們今天面臨的問題是：廣東未來邁向何方？如何才能夠繼往開來？我們能否再創(chuàng)過去20 年的經(jīng)濟(jì)奇跡？ We have commissioned the paper from Professor Micha

40、el Enright, who is a world authority on competitiveness, and who has spent seven years studying the economy of the Pearl River Delta./ 在我們今天向顧問委員會提交的報告中，對這些問題進(jìn)行了探討。該報告是我們委托米高.恩萊特教授完成的。恩萊特教授是一位研究競爭力的世界級權(quán)威人士，過去7 年來，他一直在研究珠江三角洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。The report describes Guangdong as an economy that has been completel

41、y transformed in a little over two decades, but where officials, managers and employees are not satisfied to rest on their laurels and where there is a realisation that additional work is needed if the Province is to continue its phenomenal growth./ 該報告認(rèn)為，廣東是一個在20 年稍多一點(diǎn)的時間就完成了徹底轉(zhuǎn)型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，然而， 當(dāng)?shù)氐墓賳T、管理人員

42、和雇員們卻不滿足于已取得的成就，他們認(rèn)識到，如果廣東要繼續(xù)保持其超常的發(fā)展軌跡，就必須付出更多的勞動，必須額外努力。Two overall messages come through clearly. The first is that some of this additional work needs to be radical in its nature. There comes a point in the growth of any organisation or region when future development cannot be secured simply by m

43、ore of the same. New approaches, new solutions and new thinking are required./ 從總體上看，有兩個方面的原則是顯而易見的。第一個原則是，這些額外的努力中有一部分必須是根本的變革。廣東的發(fā)展已經(jīng)進(jìn)入一個轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，在這個關(guān)鍵時刻，任何機(jī)構(gòu)和地區(qū)的發(fā)展，都不能再機(jī)械地依靠“更多的重復(fù)過去”來實現(xiàn)。我們需要新的嘗試、新的方法和新的思路。This is the case, for example, when a manufacturing company has reached the limits of its capacit

44、y. It has to invest in new plant if it is to continue growing strongly. / This was the case for BP a few years ago - our established oil and gas fields had become mature, and we needed to discover new ones in order to maintain strong growth./Similarly for Guangdong Province. The record has been a pr

45、oud one, but now new engines of growth are needed for the future./ 例如，當(dāng)一家制造廠達(dá)到其生產(chǎn)能力的極限時，就需要投資建設(shè)新的廠房，以便維持快速發(fā)展。這也是BP 在幾年前遇到的情況我們原有的油田和天然氣田進(jìn)入開發(fā)后期，因而需要開發(fā)新的油氣田來維持強(qiáng)勁的增長。廣東也是如此。毫無疑問，廣東過去的成就是輝煌的，但現(xiàn)在需要為未來的增長尋找新的動力。The second general message is that future growth must be sustainablewhich means ensuring that G

46、uangdong has the business environment, workforce and external relationships to sustain its prosperity long term. / 第二個原則是，未來的增長必須具備“可持續(xù)性”這意味著廣東必須確保其商業(yè)環(huán)境、勞動力隊伍和對外關(guān)系有助于維持長期繁榮。So keeping those two principles in mind, let me pick out some of the main priorities. First, the role of cities. Guangdong is a

47、 beneficiary of globalisation, and as the globalisation writer Saskia Sassen puts it: “The work of globalisation goes on in cities.”/ 讓我們將這兩條原則記下，接下來我要談?wù)勔恍┬枰獌?yōu)先發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域。首先，我們要看城市的作用。廣東是全球化的受益者，正如全球化研究者薩斯啟亞.薩紳所指出：“全球化發(fā)生在城市當(dāng)中”。Nowhere is that more true than in Guangdong, where people have poured into the

48、major cities over the past two decades. Guanzhou alone is now home to nearly 10 million people. With Chinas accession to the WTO and improvements in agricultural efficiency, many more people are bound to move from the country to the city in the next few years. / 這句話尤其適用于廣東。在這片土地上，過去20 年來人們像潮水般涌入大城市。

49、現(xiàn)在的廣州已經(jīng)是近千萬人口的家園。隨著中國加入WTO 和農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)效率的提升，未來數(shù)年必將有更多人口從農(nóng)村進(jìn)入城市。But cities are not merely dormitories. They are complex social and economic organisms. And if cities are to be engines of growth, they require good planning and high quality services. For a healthy and motivated workforce, strong public servic

50、es are required, such as education, health care, housing and transportation. And for competitive enterprises, good business services are required, such as financial, professional and communication services./ 但城市并不僅僅是宿舍。它們更是復(fù)雜的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)體。如果城市要成為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的動力，就需要進(jìn)行良好的規(guī)劃和提供高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)。對于一支健康向上的勞工隊伍而言，需要城市提供良好的公共服務(wù)，如

51、教育、醫(yī)療保健、住房和交通。對于有競爭力的企業(yè)而言， 需要城市提供良好的商業(yè)服務(wù)，如金融服務(wù)、專業(yè)服務(wù)和通訊服務(wù)。In Guangdong, we need to ensure that the planning of cities anticipates population growth rather than falling behind it./ In Guangzhou, in particular, such a change is being made, with the movement of factories to the edge of town, the develop

52、ment of residential communities and the redevelopment of the centre. This is a massive undertaking and shows a vision for the cities of tomorrow and serves as a role model for other cities./ 在廣東，我們需要確保城市規(guī)劃超前于人口的增長，而不是落后于人口的增長。對廣州而言，這種變化正在發(fā)生之中。這里的工廠正向城市的外圍搬遷，居民區(qū)正被大量開發(fā)， 市區(qū)中心正在二次開發(fā)。這既是一個規(guī)模宏大的進(jìn)程，又展現(xiàn)了未來城

53、市的前瞻力，還為其他城市的發(fā)展提供了樣板。（BP 公司執(zhí)行董事、首席財務(wù)官高拜倫博士在廣東省長國際咨詢會議上的發(fā)言2003 年11 月3 日,節(jié)選） Text 2.3 我非常喜歡年輕人，因為年輕人他們蠻開放，而且不會保守，他們代表了我們的未來。/ 今年在SARS 爆發(fā)期間，我想到了學(xué)生們，非常關(guān)心他們，然后我又想從他們身上可以得到一些力量，這就是為什麼當(dāng)時我到了清華大學(xué)和他們共進(jìn)午餐，同時我也到了北京大學(xué)和他們交談，在圖書館里面和他們交談，在那個時候，你也許感受不到我們所處的氣氛，但是就是這些年輕人還是那樣的樂觀，他們憧憬著美麗的將來。/ 他們和我說，人們喜歡說，當(dāng)樹葉出葉的時候，整棵樹都是綠

54、的。他們都希望作為樹上的葉子，他就問我，總理，這棵大樹上你喜歡成為這棵樹的哪一部分？我馬上就回答說，我也是其中一片葉子，就像你們一樣。/ 作為一個演講者，首先聽演講的人要知道他是一個什么人，這樣才可以彼此交心。/ I like young people very much. Because young people are always so energetic and they have the least conservative ideas, and they represent the future of our world. And this year during the outb

55、reak of the SARS epidemic, I thought about the students. I cared a lot for them, and I wanted to gain strength from them. So that was why I went to our Tsinghua University to have lunch with them. And also I went to Beijing University and I had a chat with the students in the library. At that time p

56、robably you could not have imagined what an atmosphere we were in, but I felt that the young people were as hopeful as ever. They always dream about a beautiful future. They pointed to the trees outside the window and said to me, "People like to say that when all the leaves grow, when the tree

57、becomes green all over, this crisis will be over. And they also said that they would all rather be the green leaves themselves, and they asked me, Premier, in this big tree, which part of the tree are you? I immediately replied, "I'm also one of the leaves like you." As the speaker tod

58、ay, of course I think I need to explain myself a little bit to my audience, and I owe you this because in this way we can have a heart-to-heart discussion.大家知道，我出身在一個教師的家庭，我的童年是在戰(zhàn)火中度過的，我沒有在座的同學(xué)們那樣一個美好的童年，在日本侵略者用刺刀把人們趕到廣場的時候，我曾經(jīng)依偎在媽媽身邊，後來戰(zhàn)火無情的燒掉了我的全家，連我祖父在農(nóng)村辦的那所小學(xué)，我的工作大部分時間都是在中國最艱苦的地方度過的。/ 因此，我對我的國家，對我的人民，了解的深，愛的深。/As you know, as you probably know, I'm the son of a schoolteacher. I spent my childhood mostly in the smoke and fire of war. I was not as fortunate as you as a child. When Japanese aggressors drove all the people in my place to the Central Plaza, I had