考研英語一歷年真題及答案

1、考研英語一歷年真題及答案【篇一：2015年考研英語一真題及答案詳細解析】ass=txt2015年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題及答案詳細解析sectioniuseofenglish:directions:readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordontheanswersheet.(10points)thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelated|asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.tha

2、tis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheuniversityofcaliforniaandyaleuniversityintheproceedingsofthenationalacademyofsciences,has_(2)_.thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)_1,932uniquesubjectswhich_(4)_pairsofuelatedfriendsanduelatedstrangers.thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.while1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnot

3、sotoageneticist.asjamesfowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatucsandiego,says,mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin.|thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesis

4、difficulttoexplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_|functionalkinship|ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseem

5、tobeevolution_(15)_thanothergenesstudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeoples_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.thoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationo

6、feuropeanextraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.1. awhenbwhychowdwhat2. adefendedbconcludedcwithdrawndadvised3. aforbwithcondby4. acomparedbsoughtcseparateddconnected5. atestsbobjectscsamplesdexamples6. ainsignificantbunexpectedcunbelievable

7、dincredible7. avisitbmisscseekdknow8. aresemblebinfluencecfavordsurpass9. aagainbalsocinsteaddthus10. ameanwhilebfurthermoreclikewisedperhaps11. aaboutbtocfromdlike12. adrivebobservecconfusedlimit13.aaccordingtobratherthancregardlessofdalongwith14.achancesbresponsescmissionsdbenefits15.alaterbslower

8、cfasterdearlier16.aforecastbremembercunderstanddexpress17.aunpredictablebcontributoryccontrollableddisruptive18.aendeavorbdecisioncarrangementdtendency19.apoliticalbreligiouscethnicdeconomic20. aseebshowcprovedtellsectioniireadingcomprehensionpartadirections:readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequesti

9、onsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cord.markyouranswersonanswersheet.(40points)text1kingjuancarlosofspainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.IIbutembarranspscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecenteuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.so,doesthespanishcrisissugg

10、estthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforalleuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?thespanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendofthefrancoregime,monarchscanriseabovemere

11、IIpoliticsandembodyIIaspiritofnationalunity.itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularitypolarized.andalso,themiddleeastexcepted,europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingvaticancityandandorra).butunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsinth

12、egulfandasia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanoncontroversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibl

13、eprivilegesandinequalities.atatimewhenthomaspikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocratic

14、ways.princesandprincesseshavedayjobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.whileeuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itisthebritishro

15、yalswhohavemosttofearfromthespanishexample.itisonlythequeenwhohaspreservedthemonarchysreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.thedangerwillcomewithcharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvi

16、vedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.charlesoughttoknowthatasenglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.21. accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingjuancarlosofspaina usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupportb wasunpopularamongeuropeanroyal

17、sc casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivalsdendedhisreigninembarrassment22.monarchsarekeptasheadsofstateineuropemostlyaowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatusbtoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandrealityctogivevotermorepublicfigurestolookuptodduetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment23. whichofthefollowing

18、isshowntobeodd,accordingtoparagraph4?a aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealthb theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocraciesc thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamiliesdthenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges24. thebritishroyalshavemosttofear|becauseCharlesa takesaroughlineonpoliticalissuesb failst

19、ochangehislifestyleasadvisedc takesrepublicansashispotentialalliesd failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole25. whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?a carlos,gloryanddisgracecombinedb charles,anxioustosucceedtothethronec carlos,alessonforalleuropeanmonarchsdcharles,slowtoreacttothecomingthreatstext2

20、justhowmuchdoestheconstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?thesupremecourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoriti

21、esmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.thecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedcaliforniasadvice.enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldpro

22、videupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.theyshouldstartbydiscardingcaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphoneavaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspecturse.thescpourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatethefourthamendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalle

23、torpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing,|meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasie

24、r.assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesnteasethechallengeofline-drawing.inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.theycouldstillinvalidatefourthamendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoens

25、urethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.butthejusticesshouldnotswallowcaliforniasargumentwhole.new,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheconstitutionsprotections.orink

26、err,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowthefourthamendmentappliestodigitalinformatio

27、nnow.26. thesupremecourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimatetoa preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.b searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.c checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.dprohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.27. theauthorsattitudetowardcaliforn

28、iasargumentisoneofa disapproval.b indifference.c tolerance.dcautiousness.28. theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphcoonnetentsiscomparabletoa gettingintoonesresidence.b handlingoneshistoricalrecords.c scanningonescorrespondences.d goingthroughoneswallet.29. inparagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcerntha

29、ta principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.b thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.c citizensprivacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.d phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.30. orinkerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethata theconstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.b newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationof

30、theconstitution.ccaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheconstitution.dprinciplesoftheconstitutionshouldneverbealteredtext3thejournalscienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefmarciamcnuttannouncedtoday.thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,after

31、widespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,|writesmcnuttinaneditorial.workingwiththeamericanstatisticalassociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsb

32、oardofreviewingeditors(sbore).manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournalsinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingboardofreviewingeditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.thesborepanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,mcnuttsai

33、d:thecreationofthe?statisticsboardwasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofsciencesoveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.IIgiovanniparmigiani,abiostatisticianattheharvardschoolofpublichealth,amemberofthesboregroup.

34、hesaysheexpectstheboardto-playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.|heagreedtojoinbecausehefoundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentofthesboretobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.thisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinscienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomode

35、ltheirapproachafterscience.IIjohnioannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis-amostwelcomestepforward|and-longoverdue.|一mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismor

36、eessentialthanexpertreview,IIhesays.buthenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasannalsofinternalmedicine,fessionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedrese

37、arch,accordingtodavidvaux,acellbiologist.researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocessII.vauxsaysthatsciencesideatopasssomepaperstostatisticianshassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitr

38、eliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify?thepapersthatneedscrutinyinthefirstplaceII.31. itcanbelearnedfromparagraph1thata scienceintendstosimplifytheirpeer-reviewprocess.b journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.c fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.d lackofdataanalysisiscommonin

39、researchprojects.【篇二：考研英語一歷年真題及答案解析(1980-2015年)】pclass=txtsection1useofenglishdirections:readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordonanswersheet1.(10points)thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelatedasfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.thatis1astudypublishedfr

40、omtheuniversityofcaliforniaandyaleuniversityintheproceedingsofthenationalacademyofsciences,has2.thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofuelatedfriendsanduelatedstrangers.thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.while1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.asjamesfowler,professorofmedica

41、lgeneticsatucsandiego,says,mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10perhaps,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsu

42、stosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13thannalkinshipofbeingfriendswith14!oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedp

43、aceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeoples18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.thoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofeuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamep

44、opulation.theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.sectioniireadingcomprehension1 、what2 、concluded3 、on4 、compared5 、samples6 、insignificant7 、know8 、resemble9 、also10 、perhaps11 、to12 、drive13 、ratherthan14 、benefits15 、faster16 、understand17 、contributory18 、tendency19 、ethnic20 、see

45、partareadthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cord.markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(40points)原標(biāo)題：2015年考研英語一真題答案(完整版)text1kingjuancarlosofspainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.butembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecenteuro-elect

46、ionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.so,doesthespanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforalleuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?thespanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.whenpublicopinionisparticularlypol

47、arized,asitwasfollowingtheendofthefranceregime,monarchscanriseabovemerepolitiesandembodyaspiritofnationalunity.itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplainsmonarchyscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.andso,themiddleeastexpected,europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(not

48、countingvaticancityandandorra).butunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsinthegulfandasia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirvery

49、history-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.atatimewhenthomaspikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticsta

50、tes.themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.princesandprincesseshavedayjobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.whileeuropesmonar

51、chieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itisthebritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromthespanishexample.itisonlythequeenwhohaspreservedthemonarchysreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.thedangerwillcomewithcharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarch

52、icalviewoftheworld.hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.charlesoughttoknowthatasenglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.21. accordingtothefirsttwographs,kingjuancarlosofs

53、painaeasedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.busedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.cwasunpopularamongeuropeanroyals.dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22. monarchsarekeptasheadofstateineuropemostlyatogivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.btoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.cowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectable

54、status.dduetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.23. whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtograph4?a theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.b aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.c thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.d thenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges.24. thebritishroya

55、lshavemosttofearbecausecharlesatakesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.ctakesrepublicansashispotentialallies.dfailstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.【篇三：2015考研英語真題：英語一真題完整版+答案】readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordonanswersheet.(10points

56、)thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“relatedfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheuniversityofcaliforniaandyaleuniversityintheproceedingsofthenationalacademyofsciences,has_(2)_.thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)_1,932uniquesubjectswhich_(4)_pairsofuelat

57、edfriendsanduelatedstrangers.thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.while1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.asjamesfowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatucsandiego,says,25. mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin.”thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmell