英語(yǔ)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練--生態(tài)環(huán)保類(附答案).doc

1、高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練生態(tài)環(huán)保類（一 ）The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea

2、 of a water shortage（短缺）seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water re

3、distribution（ 重新分配）are very high. Not only is there the costof the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys（山谷）are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it c

4、annot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation （ 灌溉 ）. In Texas, farmers

5、9; overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat

6、in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that.A.

7、 much of the world's water is available for useB. people in high rainfall countries feel luckyC. the costs of water redistribution should be consideredD. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world2. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by

8、75%.B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Steps to improvin

9、g water use management.B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.4. The text is mainly about.A. water supply and increasing populationB. water use management and agricultureC. water redistrib

10、ution and wildlife protectionD. water shortages and environmental protection（二）（2010遼寧高考）It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told

11、the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own ， and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around ， and they were no use to th

12、e villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached ， and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't l

13、ast long.The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the c

14、hildren getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides （ 殺蟲劑 ） and medicines. Soon there was no money left.Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job eating insects. Now with so many frogs

15、killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.Now， the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.1. From Paragra

16、ph 1 ， we learn that the villagers.A. worked very hard for centuriesB. dreamed of having a better lifeC. were poor but somewhat contentD. lived a different life from their forefathers2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?A. The frogs were easy money.B. They needed money to buy medicine.C. The

17、y wanted to please the visitors.D. The frogs made too much noise.3. What might be the cause of the children's sickness?A. The crops didn't do well.B. There were too many insects.C. The visitors brought in diseases.D. The pesticides were overused.4. What can we infer from the last sentence of

18、 the text?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.B. Health is more important than money.C. The harmony between man and nature is important.D. Good old days will never be forgotten.（三 ）We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans，

19、killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.The 16yearold Canadian high school student， Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade（

20、分解 ） in as few as 3 months， a finding that won him first prize at the Canada Wide Science Fair ， a $10 000 prize， a $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.Burd's strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms

21、 （ 微生物 ）. If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted（ 調(diào)制 ） a solution of household chemicals, yeast（酵母）and tap water to encourage microbe

22、s growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally ， he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags ， exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed （ 暴露 ） to the live bacteria was 17% lighter

23、 than the control after six weeks.The inputs are cheap： maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.“ Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I hav

24、e piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer： not much. So I decided to do something myself. ” said Daniel Burd.1. Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada Wide Science Fair because.A. h

25、e found a new kind of microorganismB. he contributed much to environmental protectionC. he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter timeD. he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way2. Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria toA. make the live bacteria work better B. test h

26、ow effective his method was C. know which bacteria worked faster D. control the temperature in the process3. Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because .A. plastics can get hot easilyB. microbes can produce heat themselvesC. much carbon dioxide is producedD. the temperature can

27、 be controlled4. Daniel Burd got his idea from .A. his school textbookB. the failure of researchersC. his everyday workD. the practice of other people（四）（2010山東煙臺(tái)檢測(cè)）There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years， and it is assumed that global warming an

28、d climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world's leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.LondonLondon's flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier（ 水閘 ）has protected the city from the threat of flooding ， but it

29、was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.There are 26 und

30、erground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals， an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.ParisOver a six?week period in July and August 2008 ， more than 11400 mainly elderly people died in France from dehydration （ 脫水 ） an

31、d extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity（ 強(qiáng)度 ）are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?One solution is to have air?conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considere

32、d a short?term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions.In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “ Flower T， owewrhich” uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air?conditioner.Shan

33、ghaiShanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy cons

34、umption. China relies heavily on coal?fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Big Cities Facing Big DisastersB. Big Disasters in the FutureC. The Incre

35、ase of Natural DisastersD. Solutions to Natural Disasters2. What problem should be settled now in London?A. How to protect the city's property.B. Where to build its flood defences.C. How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.D. How to improve the function of the old flood defences.3. Whi

36、ch of the following measures can't solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?A. Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.B. Having air?conditioners installed in elderly care homes.C. Forbidding the city to build “ Flower Tower ”D. Encouraging architects to design new types of buil

37、dings.4. The major threats to Shanghai are .A. increasing population and coal?fired power stationsB. rising sea levels and typhoonsC. extremely high temperature and rising sea levelsD. extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons5. The purpose of the passage is .A. to tell us how to protect the

38、big citiesB. to give advice on how to defend natural disastersC. to explain what causes flood and heat wavesD. to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities生態(tài)環(huán)保類（一 ） 答案與解析世界的可用淡水資源有限，但農(nóng)業(yè)在利用水資源過(guò)程中存在不盡如人意之處， 本文指出了其中的一些問(wèn)題。1 C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中第一段第二句“ With 97% of the world's water toosalty to

39、 be drunk or used in agriculture.可知 A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤； 由第 段第三句 ”.strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country.”可知B 選項(xiàng)不合文意； 第二段前兩句指出水資源的重新分配的費(fèi)用極高，一方面是水利過(guò)程本身的造價(jià)，另一方面也會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)造成極大的破壞，所以選項(xiàng)C正確，根據(jù)第二段第四句".itcannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. 可知 D 項(xiàng)不正確?！? C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根

40、據(jù)文章第三段第二句“ .has resulted in a 25% reduction ofthe water stores.可判斷A選項(xiàng)不正確；由第一段最后一句可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由文章最后 句 ”.fifty years of pumping will see them run dry可知 C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)文 章第三段最后一句可知D 項(xiàng)不正確。3 A 判斷推理題。文章前面一部分主要是講述農(nóng)業(yè)在利用水資源過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題，接下來(lái)應(yīng)該是介紹加強(qiáng)水資源管理的方法和措施，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。4 B 主旨大意題。由第一段第二句可知。（ 二 ） 答案與解析本篇文章為記敘文。主要講述印度一個(gè)小村莊的人們?cè)谕忄l(xiāng)人

41、的誘導(dǎo)下為了追求金錢收益捕殺青蛙，結(jié)果破壞了生態(tài)平衡。意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題后，他們及時(shí)停止了捕殺，重新回到了寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村生活。1 C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中有“The people were poor.However,they were not unhappy. ” 和 C項(xiàng)意思一致。2 A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“This seemed like money fornothing. ”句中 for nothing 是“免費(fèi)的”意思，說(shuō)明青蛙容易得到，并能賺到錢，村民才答應(yīng)賣。3 B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“They had been doi ng animportant job eating

42、insects. Nowwith so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases. ”可以推斷出莊稼收成不好，孩子生病與青蛙減少、害蟲增多有關(guān)。4 C 推理判斷題。最后一句說(shuō)明人們過(guò)度捕殺造成生態(tài)失衡，由此也影響了人類，因此，可以推斷人與自然的和諧是重要的。（ 三 ） 答案與解析1 C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段可知，他因發(fā)現(xiàn)短時(shí)間降解塑料袋的方法而獲獎(jiǎng)，故答案選 C項(xiàng)。2 B 推理判斷題。從文章第四段中的“.ex

43、posing one plasticsample to dead bacteria as a control ”可推斷，他這樣做的目的在 于測(cè)試他的方法是否有效，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。3 B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“maintaining therequired temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work ”可知答案選 B項(xiàng)。4 C推理判斷題。從文章最后一段丹尼爾伯德說(shuō)的話可推知， 他是從每天的工作中得到啟發(fā)的，故答案選C項(xiàng)。答案與解析1 .A 主旨大意題。抓住關(guān)鍵詞，全文主要是圍繞著

44、三個(gè)聞名于世的大城市面臨的災(zāi)難展開介紹的，關(guān)鍵詞是big city 和 disasters 。2 .D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在介紹倫敦時(shí)，第一句話“London's flood defences aregetting older. ”就點(diǎn)明了倫敦的危機(jī)暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化。 所以解決的方 法就是改善防洪堤。3 .C 推理判斷題。在介紹巴黎時(shí)，說(shuō)到了解決問(wèn)題的兩種辦法，一種是使用空調(diào)， 但這種辦法不是長(zhǎng)久之計(jì)；另外一種就是在建筑上使用竹子屋頂型的花塔，所以A、B D三項(xiàng)均正確，而C項(xiàng)forbid正好與文章要表達(dá)的意思相反。4 .B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在介紹上海這一城市時(shí)，第一段說(shuō)的是海平面，第二段說(shuō)

45、的是臺(tái)風(fēng)。5.D 主旨大意題。作者寫這篇文章的目的就是呼吁人們關(guān)注全球變暖和氣 候變化對(duì)地球的影響，就全文來(lái)說(shuō)，是希望引起人們關(guān)注災(zāi)害對(duì)大城市的破壞。9贈(zèng)送以下資料考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)技巧大全一、考試中途應(yīng)飲葡萄糖水大腦是記憶的場(chǎng)所，腦中有數(shù)億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞在不停地進(jìn)行著繁重的活動(dòng)，大腦細(xì)胞活動(dòng)需要大量能量?？茖W(xué)研究證實(shí)，雖然大腦的重量只占 人體重量的2%-3%,但大腦消耗的能量卻占食物所產(chǎn)生的總能量的 20%,它的能量來(lái)源靠葡萄糖氧化過(guò)程產(chǎn)生。據(jù)醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)記載，一個(gè)健康的青少年學(xué)生30分鐘用腦，血糖濃度在120 毫克/100毫升，大腦反應(yīng)快，記憶力強(qiáng)；90分鐘用腦，血糖濃度降至80 毫克/100毫升，大腦功能尚正常；連2120分鐘用腦，血糖濃度降至 60毫克/100毫升，大腦反應(yīng)遲鈍，思維能力較差。我們中考、高考每