2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解

1、2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英 語（閱讀理解）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分） 第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文&從每題所給的 A B、C和D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantasticway to see the world-famous cherrytrees wit

2、h beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms - disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bi

3、ke tour and view someof the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monumentsand memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration:

4、3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides willentertain youwith the most interestingstoriesaboutPresidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable

5、 bikes and a smooth tour route (路線)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for evening of explorationin the heartWashington, D.C. Get up close to monuments and memorials as you bikean of the

6、 thesites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Che

7、rry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D. Washington Capital Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Tour?SitesCapitalA. Meet famous people. national park.C. Visit well-known museums.B.at NightCity BikeGo to a

8、D. Enjoyinteresting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycletour at night provide?A. City maps.C. Meals.B. Cameras.lights.D. Safety解析：本篇文章講的是華盛頓舉辦的幾個(gè)自行車騎行活動(dòng)，內(nèi)容較簡單。21. A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。原文中 Reserve your spot before availability對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的book in advance0出題人喜歡將原文中的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行同義詞或者同義句的 替換，這一點(diǎn)考生要多加注意。22. D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

9、根據(jù)設(shè)問快速定位其在原文中的位置，進(jìn)行簡單排除即可 得出 答案。 Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents GoodMorning Britain ' s Susanna Reid is23. D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由設(shè)問中的at night 定位到 Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour,然后由 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and sa

10、fety lights 得出答案。used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food

11、waste, while preparing recipes for under £ 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she' s been able to put a lot of what she' sIn Save Money: Good Food she visits alearnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We

12、love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, " she explains."I pay £5 fora portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we ' re not aware howcheaply we can make this food ourselv

13、es.The eight-part series （系歹U節(jié)目）， Savea portion （一份），but Matt makesthem for 26PMoney: Good Food follows in the footsteps of ITV ' s Save Money: Good Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household

14、expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight' sEaster special they come to the aid of a family in need of somedelicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family ' s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24

15、. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a newprogramme.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for herkids.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her

16、 family.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. Heinvites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do inparagraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for thereaders.C. Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a

17、 suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef Cooking Well for LessB.D.解析：本文是關(guān)于 Susanna Reid所創(chuàng)辦的一個(gè)新的節(jié)目 Save Money： GoodFood的介紹,for Less24.role 一教人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪性鯓佑米钌俚腻X做出美味的食物, ,文章難度不大。Cooking WellB.推理判斷題。文章中 she is cooking up a storm i

18、n her latestshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious mealson a tight budget.還有后文中的The eight-partseries 者B可以推出 SusannaReid開辦了一個(gè)新的電視節(jié)目。25. C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。In Save Money: GoodFood, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tipson how to reduce food

19、waste可知Matt Tebbutt 的作用是給Susanna Reid提供建議。26. C.推理判斷題。定位到第四段follows in the footsteps ofITV' s Save Money: Good Health 可知，這一段主要講的是這檔節(jié)目的靈感來 源，所以答案選C.27. D.主旨大意題。本文主要是對(duì) Save Money: Good Food這檔節(jié)目的 介紹，文章第一段 showing families howto prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget 說明了這檔節(jié)目的目的，所以

20、D選項(xiàng)正是對(duì)這句話的 最好詮釋。Languages have been coming and going for xl _ £ I X _J Xrthni iQinnQctvaara ni itin raranttimaao 11 usai iisi z aisu l i i i receiiL Liiiies, , , , ,系）groupsspeech independent of each other.there has been less coming and a lot more going. Whenthe world was still populated by hun

21、ter-gatherers, small, tightly knit （聯(lián)Some系）groups developed their own patterns oflanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.languages to disap languages such asr, and dominant lish, Spanish andi

22、ng over.Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 ,*BI,Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling downto becomefarmers, and their languages too becamemore settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the n

23、ation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused manyby many people, lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven

24、. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken .while hot, wet zones haveare spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of6,800 l亡)，wianguage ith onlyes are close to extinction(消 left.a few elderly speakersPick, at random, Busuu in Cameroo

25、nlanguages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for z well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6,000, which meansthat half the world ' s languages(150), Lipan Ap (two or three)(eight remaining

26、 speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico ache in the United Statesor Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had simi

27、lar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which ofthe following best explains “dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B.About3,400.C. About 2,400.D.About1,200.3

28、1. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People / s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.解析：本文主要講的是隨著人類的發(fā)展，語言的種類卻越來越少，很多語言已 經(jīng)滅絕或者瀕臨滅絕，這是全球化和工業(yè)化帶來的副作用需要引起我們的重視。28. B.推理判斷題。本題的答案

29、主要出自第一段，只要認(rèn)真研讀，進(jìn)行 簡單的排除，答案不難選出。Somelanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, whenthe world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.這句話是答案的出處。29. C.詞義猜測題。詞語出自第二段。Dominant這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該是比較常見的，只要考生平時(shí)注意詞匯積累這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該能認(rèn)識(shí)，所以我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的英語學(xué) 習(xí)中一定要注意詞匯的積累。假如不認(rèn)識(shí)的話，后邊的例子中例舉了Engl

30、ish,Spanish and Chinese 還有詞組take over 這些線索都可以幫助我們來猜測詞30. B推理判斷題。答案出自第三段 The median number （中位數(shù)）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world ' s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.結(jié)合前面的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.這兩句話就可以把答案推出來，6800和half 是關(guān)鍵詞。31. C.

31、主旨大意題。本篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，第一段是總領(lǐng)全文，提出觀點(diǎn) in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going。第二段是解釋原因，第三段是對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的介紹，第四段是舉例子。所以答案很容易選 出。本篇文章考生可以注意出題人的出題范圍，前三題分別出自前三段，第四題是 對(duì)全文的考查，這也是出題人出題的一個(gè)暗含的線索，考生應(yīng)該多加關(guān)注。,DWemay think we' re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of someth

32、ing shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （裝 置）well after they go out of style. That s bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume muchmore energy than the newer ones that do the same things.throughout its life from whenits mineral

33、s are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmenta

34、l costs for each product2007.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. AndMP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up inAs weaccumula

35、ted more devices, however,we didn ' t throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids ' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house, " said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four

36、per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We ' re not just keeping these old devices- wecontinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt ' s team, 01d desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse g

37、as emissions （排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what' s the solution （解決方案）？ The team' s data only went up to 2007, but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a ta

38、blet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt ' s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost o