2019中考上海中考英語總復習—從句

1、賓語從句和定語從句授課類型 C賓語從句C定語從句T(典型例題鞏固)授課日期及時段教學容專題一：賓語從句一、賓語從句專題知識梳理概念：在復合句中充當賓語成分的句子就叫賓語從句，基本句式為“主句 +連接詞+賓語從句”。題型特點：在中考當中的考查題型為選擇題及句型轉換題，分值一般為3-4分左右，主要圍繞賓從的三要素，語序，時態(tài)，連接詞進行考察。賓從也可以在寫作中適當使用，進行文采的提高。知識點1：引導詞1 .由that引導的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She d

2、oesn t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2 .由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞 when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句 。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop

3、is?3 .由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.中考考點-if 和whether的區(qū)別if/whether者B可作賓語從句的引導詞，意為 是否“，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用于口語和非正式文體中，whether則多用于比較正式的文體中。如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.I don t

4、 know if/whether it is going to rain.只用 whether的情況：1）在帶to的動詞不定式前He doesn know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2）在介詞后I m thinking of whether we should go fishing.3） 直接與or not連用時I don t know whether or not they will come to help us.4） 在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中We discussed whether would hav

5、e a sports meeting next week.5）賓語從句提前時只能用whetherWhether this is true or not, I can t say.6）引導位于句首的主語從句或表語從句用whetherWhether he is right or wrong is a question.知識點2:語序在含賓語從句的復合句中，不管主句是述句還是疑問句，賓從一定要用述句的語序，其標點符號由主句來決定。 因此當賓語從句是由whetherif或者特殊疑問詞引導時，因將其原來的疑問句語序還原為述句的語序。知識點3:時態(tài)主句賓語從句一般現(xiàn)在時一切時態(tài)一般過去時過去疇的某一時態(tài)（

6、一般過去時；過去進行時；過去完成 時；過去將來時）e.g. She says (that): she often goes to school on foot ; she went to school on foot yesterday ;she will go to school on foot tomorrow; she is eating an apple now .she has eatenthe apple e.g. She said (that) : she often went to school on foot ; she went to school on foot the

7、day before ;she would go to school on foot the next day ; she was eating an apple then .she had eaten the apple 知識點4:特殊情況1 .當賓語從句是指客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時，主句不管是什么時態(tài)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時。eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.She told me (that) knowledge is power.2 .當主句是：Could you A Would you表示建議或者請求的句型時，主句的時態(tài)是

8、一般現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)不限定。e.g. Would you tell me what you want to eat ?Could you tell me how he will come tomorrow ?3 .當疑問代詞在賓語從句中作賓語，從句語序不需要改變，如whats the problem/ whats the matter/ whats up/ whatswrong表示“怎么了.oe.g. I dont know whats the problem/ whats the matter/ whats up/ whats wrong.熟練掌握賓語從句三大要素：語序、時態(tài)、連接詞注意特殊

9、情況，如：Could you please/ Would you please表示委婉語氣，不影響時態(tài)；從句表示客觀事實或真理，從句時態(tài)使用一般現(xiàn)在時，不受主句時態(tài)的影響；與or/or not連用，只用 whether,不用if;當疑問代詞在賓語從句中作賓語，從句語序不需要改變，如whats the problem等。、同步題型分析例 1: Who is responsible for the food safety problem? asked the reporter.(改為賓語從句)2013中考The reporter asked responsible for the food saf

10、ety problem.解析：本題先根據(jù)特殊疑問句，因此直接使用特殊疑問詞who引導賓從，根據(jù)主語謂語asked過去時，因此，從句的一般現(xiàn)在時改為一般過去時，因此本題答案為who was。例 2: Is it the first boys-only school in the city? asked a parent.（改為賓語從句）2012 中考A parent asked it the first boys-only school in the city.解析：本題根據(jù)原題一般疑問句，因此連接詞使用if/whether,同時，主語謂語動詞為asked,從句的時態(tài)由一般現(xiàn)在時改為一般將來時，

11、因此本題答案為 if/whether was。例 3: Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know.(合為一句)2011 中考The sales manager wants to know there any new markets in Asia.解析：本題根據(jù)原題一般疑問句，因此連接詞使用if/whether ,同時，主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)不需要改變,因此本題答案為 if/whether are。例 4: I want to know.2010 中考A) when we should arrive

12、 at the airportB) when should we arrive at the airportC) when the airport we should arrive atD) when the airport should we arrive at解析：選擇題中賓語從句的做題技巧從兩方面出發(fā)，一個是語序，一個使時態(tài)。本題根據(jù)述語序便可排除B、D選項，C項賓語位置錯誤，因此正確答案為AoA) when will you visit the World ExpoC) when the World Expo will you visit 解析：本題結合賓語從句考察，本題需要注意 序進

13、行排除，因此本題選 BoKeys: 一、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 二、1、havent finished 2、stopped6、would help7、had known8、三、1. if he wanted 2.how can I get to例 5: Could you please tell us in Shanghai?2009 中考B)when you will visit the World ExpoD) when the World Expo you will visitcould you please只表示委婉語氣，不表示過去時態(tài)，同時根據(jù)述語5. B 6.B7.

14、C8. D3、will come 4、was raining5、not to walkdoesnt rain, will visit9、was writing, went10、travels3.he had finished his 4. how to get to專題二：定語從句一、定語從句專題知識梳理概念：在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個名詞或代詞，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句。這個被修飾的 名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。定語從句的引導詞：關系代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, which等。關系副詞有：

15、 when, where, why 等知識點1:關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代 詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。l.who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？ （ who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作

16、賓語）2 .whose用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了, 大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose （ of which ） cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3 .which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。e.g. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before a

17、ppears in the countryside.農村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）知識點2:關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于介詞+ which結構，因此常常和介詞+ which結構交替使用。e.g.There are occasions when （ on which ） one must yield. 任何人者B有不得不屈服的時候。Beijing is the place where （in which ） I was born. 是我的出生地。知識點

18、3:判斷關系代詞與關系副詞1 .用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不 及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。2 .準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀） ，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。e.g.例 1. Is this museum you

19、visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：例1 D,例2 A知識點4:限制性和非限制性定語從句1 .定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。e.g. This is the house wh

20、ich we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2 .當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。e.g. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理 史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely

21、 garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。3 .非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。e.g. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。知識點5:關系代詞that的用法1 .不用that的情況引

22、導非限定性定語從句時及介詞后不能用that。2 .只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況1）在there be句型中，只用that,不用which。2） 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行詞時，只用 that,不用 which。3） 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用 that。4） 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用 that。.5） 先行詞既有人，又有物時。e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供

23、油問題。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。關于定語從句注意事項：1 .關系代詞的判斷步驟：首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人，關系代詞可用 who, whom, that 。如果先行詞指物，關系代詞可用 which,that;不管先行詞指人還是指物，在定語從句中是所有格的關系就用whose然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表1先行詞主格（不能?。┵e格（可省略）所有格人who, that(who/whom/that )whose1物1which, th

24、at(which/that )whose, of which2 .關系副詞的判斷步驟：還是要先看先行詞。如果先行詞在從句中充當時間狀語用when或介詞+which ;充當?shù)攸c狀語用 where或介詞+which; 充當原因狀語用 why或介詞+which 。二、專題精講（備注：中考并不考察定語從句，針對定語從句的考察主要是在一些閱讀中，以及平時的日校試卷練習中，還有寫 作中要求程度中上的學生使用定從的表達來提高文采，因此這部分省略）Keys :一 1-5 ABCCA 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 DADCC 16 -20 DACBB二 whichthat ; which that 不填 ;

25、whose ; that ; whose ; who ; why ; where ; that which 不填；when一、 能力培養(yǎng)1 .賓語從句的知識點復習和再次梳理（由學生進行知識點復習鞏固）語序：時態(tài)：連接詞：2 .定語從句的知識點復習和再次梳理（看學生的程度，不同學生有不同層次的對于定從掌握的要求）重點：關系代詞和關系副詞的選用：只用that的情況：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：能力檢測 1、Keys:1-5 D B C B B 6-10 C C A C B 11-16 D B B D AA2、Keys:1-5 CADAB 6-10 DABDC課后作業(yè)1、Keys:1-5

26、 : CACDC 6-10: CCABA 11-15 AACBC2、Keys: 1-5 AC BCD6-10 CACCC11-15 DACBC專題一：賓語從句、單項選擇()1. I don thihkthe will come here on time,?A. won t he B. will heC. does he D. is he()2. Will you please tell me ?A. where Pudong Airport isB. how far Pudong Airport wasC. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when wa

27、s Pudong Airport built()3. It s not polite to ask people in England.A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is likeC. what your city looks likeD. how old are you()4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I ll let you know.A. will come; will comeB. comes; comesC. will come; comesD. comes; will c

28、ome()5. I can t say I want to see him again. We haven t seen each othdhfeerysarry.A. how longB. how soon C. how often D. how much()6. Mr. Green told me that heon a trip next Sunday.A. are going B. was going C. will goD. would going()7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China.A. is

29、 inB. was inC. is toD. was to()8. Nobody knows he ll come or not.A. thatB. ifC. /D. whether二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1、I wont return the book to the library because I(not finish) reading it.2、As soon as he saw me, he to speak to me. (stop)3、I hope he(come) back in a week.4、It(rain) hard when I got to the facto

30、ry this morning.5、The old man told the children(not walk) in the rice fields.6、He told me he(help) her with her math the next evening.7、She said they(know) each other for quite some time.8、 If it(not rain) tomorrow, we(visit) the Peoples Museum.9、John(write) something when I(go) to see him.10、Our te

31、acher told us that light(travel) much faster than sound.三、按要求改寫句子1. “Do you want to try something new? Tom s mothe 造skedhim.(句意不變 )Tom s mother asked himto try something new.2. Could you tell me the way to the station?(改寫句子，句意不變) Could you tell meto the station?3. I haveinished my homework. John tol

32、dim詼更合句，句意不變)John told me that homework.4. I don t know how I can reach the zo砍為簡單句 ) I don t knowthe zoo.專題二：定語從句一、選擇填空( )1.The man was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked toB. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to himD. which you just talked to( )2.This is the best film has bee

33、n shown this year.A. who B. that C. which D. when( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. that D. in where( )4.Mr. Li told us the novels and writers interested himA. what B. who C. that D. which( )5.My father still remembers the day he joined the army

34、.A. whenB. which C. to whichD. from which( )6.I ll never forget the summer holidays we play together.A. when B. in which C. which D. how( )7This is the place I have ever visited.A. there B. whenC. where D. which( )8.The letter I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D

35、. that()9.I hate people talk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who( )10. Who is the man was talking to our English teacher?Oh! It s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which( )11.I know the man with you are talking on the phone .A. who B. which C. that D. whom( )12.Ge

36、orge Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which( )13. - Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees?Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who( )14.Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when( )15.The moon i

37、s a world there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why( )16.He has forgotten the day he arrived.A. on when B. where C. that D. on which( )17.He still remembers the days he stayed with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. which( )18.Mr. White,car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who

38、B. that C. whose D. which( )19.He got to the village in his family once lived before liberation( 解放).A. that B. which C. when D. where( )20.This is the house I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where二關系詞填空1. The skirtis made of silk is very expensive. I can t afford it.2. Two years has pas

39、sed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days they spent during the Beijing2008 Olympic Games.3. They rushed over to help the man car had broken down.4. I have told you everything I know about it.5. Please pass me the book cover is green.6. -Do you know Yao Ming?-Yes. He s a basketball

40、player is very famous in the world.7. The reason I am late is that the traffic is terrible .8. The farm my parents work is very big .9. The factory Mr. Wang owns locates in the east of the city .10. Do you remember the day you met Jack in the street ?三、能力檢測1 .賓從練習()1.Excuse me, could you please tell

41、 me?A.when will the film startB.how much the ticket would costC.where does this bus go D.which gate is open()2.The class teacher asked the monitor.A.why was Jeff late for school B.why Jeff was late for schoolC.why is Jeff late for schoolD.why Jeff is late for school()3.Rose wondered the new mobile p

42、hone.A.how much would she pay forC.how much she would pay for)4.Please tell us.A.when will the winter vocation startC.when does the winter vocation start)5.Could you tell me?A.how often do you see a filmC.where did he live)6.Could you tell me what dayB.how much will she pay forD.how much she will pa

43、y forB.when the winter vocation will startD.when did the winter vocation startB.who they are staying withD.what is she doing nowthe Palace Museum for free ?A.can elementary and high school students visitB.could elementary and high school students visitC.elementary and high school students can visitD

44、.elementary and high school students could visit()7.Do you know how long to leave Shanghai for Tokyo?A.does it take you B.will it take you C.it takes you D.you take it()8.I didn t understand in class, so I raised my hand to ask.A.what my teacher saidB.what did my teacher sayC.how did my teacher say

45、D.how my teacher said()9.My English Teacher asked meA.why Jane hasn t watched the game B.why hasn t Jane watched the gameC.why Jane hadn t watched the game D.why hadn t Jane watched the game()10.Tom told me this afternoon.A.he is going to watch a ball gameB.he was going to have a meetingC.if he is g

46、oing to see a filmD.if he was going to take a walk()11.Could you tell me?A. where were you at seven last nightB. how s your mmory-improvement courseC. when you had seen the performanceD. if there are three kinds of memory()12.Do you know ?A.when he has comeB.why he didn t comeC.if he comes tomorrow

47、D.whom is he looking for()13.Mary s aunt has no ideaA.where can she goB.which skirt she should buyC.what she had saidD.when will she leave for Beijing()14.The class teacher wanted to know.A.what does Alan do last weekendB.what Alan does last weekendC.what did Alan do last weekendD.What Alan did last

48、 weekend()15.I m interested in.A.how he opened the door without a keyB.where did they come backC.whether he would invite Jack to his party next weekendD.how many books you had read（）16.Father asked me.A.what I had done in schoolB.what had I done in schoolC.what I have done in schoolD.what have I don

49、e in school1 .定從練習1. A football fan（ 球迷）is has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what2. The house,was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof3. Can you lend me the novel the other da

50、y?A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked with D. you talked about4. The matter you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. that B. what C. why D. for which5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. who D. w

51、hom6. Who has common sense（常識）will do such a thing?A. which B. who C. whom D. that7. All the apples fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. what8. They asked him to tell them everything he saw at the front.A. what B. that C. which D. where9. Ill tell you he told me last night.A

52、. all which B. all what C. that all D. all10. A child parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1:1. I dont know.A. where does he come fromB. what is his nameC. how old he isD. when will he leave2. 一 Did Mr White tell you? Yes. He said he went there in 2003.A. when h

53、e traveled to TibetB. how he goes to WuhanC. where he spent his holidaysD. why did he visit Kunming3. Do you knownow? In the Peoples Hotel.A. where is Tom workingB. where did Tom workC. where Tom is workingD. where Tom worked4. Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise? Sure. Now let

54、me tell you first.A. which to doB. how to do C. when to do D. what to do5. - I dont know to do with this maths problem. Its too hard.- You can ask your classmates or teachers for help.A. whichB. howC. what D. when6. Do you know the MP3 player last week?Sony, I have no idea.A. how much did she pay fo

55、rB. how much will she pay forC. how much she paid forD. how much she will pay for7. - Could you tell me?Yes. To take back my dictionary.A. why did you come hereB. when do you come hereC. why you came hereD. when you come here8. 一 Could you tell me tomorrow morning?一Well, it will start at 9 00 oclock.| A. when the meeting will startB. where will the meeting startC. where the meeting startsD. when the meeting would start9. Are you going to buy a camera ?-Yes. But therere so many kinds that I cant decide to buy.A. WhatB. whichC. howD. where10. Who can tell me at