Unit 6 新視野大學(xué)英語第五冊第六課

1、Unit 6 新視野大學(xué)英語第五冊第六課· 新視野大學(xué)英語第五冊 Preview    How do all kinds of crimes affect people's lives and are there any effective ways to protect ourselves? This unit may give you some hints about the answers. First, we are introduced to a crime that has reached epidemic proportions i

2、dentity theft. Through a real-life story we see its devastating consequences for victims. Next, we travel to Africa and see how traditional religion shapes the way communities deal with crime. The final passage is a pickpocket's personal account of his criminal career. He also tells people how t

3、o avoid being pickpocketed to make up for the harm he has done to his victims. We hope the three essays may help you better protect yourselves.· Pre-reading Activities § Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文講解 § Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文生詞短語(words,Phrases and Expressions) § I

4、dentity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文生詞講解( new words study) § Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)講解(Language Points) § Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 背景知識(background info) § Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文結(jié)構(gòu)分析(text structure analysis) § 盜用他人身份：一種新型犯罪 § Crime and Religion: An

5、African Viewpoint 課文講解 § Crime and Religion: An African Viewpoint 課文生詞短語(words,Phrases and Expressions) § Crime and Religion: An African Viewpoint 課文生詞講解( new words study) § Crime and Religion: An African Viewpoint 背景知識(background info) § Crime and Religion: An African Viewpoint

6、課文學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)講解(Language Points) § Reading Skill: Reading for Specific Details § 非洲人心目中的犯罪與宗教 § The Confession of a Pickpocket 中英文對照課文講解 § 一個扒手的自白 Pre-reading Activities· Identity Theft: A New Epidemic First Listening Please listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer

7、 some questions.    The Social Security Number was originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes, but now it has become a common way to identify people. With its wide use in all kinds of financial and commercial activities, identity theft is becoming a new epidemic. On

8、ce the thief snatches your Social Security Number, he can apply for a credit card and buy things in your name. It will take you an enormous amount of effort to clean up your damaged credit record. More and more people are falling prey to this nonviolent but frightening crime. According to official f

9、igures, it happens to at least 500,000 new victims each year. A special office has been set up to help victims to regain their lost credit. Also, several laws have been proposed to limit the use of Social Security Numbers in commerce, but they are facing fierce resistance from the credit industry.&#

10、160;  Second Listening Listen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions. 1. What are the uses of the Social Security Number?2. What is identity theft?3. What measures have been taken to protect people from identity theft? Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文講解 · Identity The

11、ft: A New Epidemic  March 27, 1997, dawned as a normal day at the Collins' home. By the middle of the morning, Jack Collins was at his desk, writing checks, paying bills the way he always had: on time.     Then the phone rang, and the nightmare began.     An investigator

12、 for a bank was on the line, asking in a stern voice why Collins, a university physicist, was late on payments for a $27,000 car, bought in Virginia the previous year.     "I don't have a car like this," Collins protested. The last time he had set foot in Virginia was as an o

13、fficer at a submarine base, three decades ago. But his name was on the contract, and so was his Social Security Number.     During the months that ensued, he and his wife learned that someone had bought four more cars and 28 other items worth $113,000 in all in their name. Their hitherto g

14、ood credit record had been destroyed. "After a lifetime of being conscientious," says Collins, "all of a sudden I was basically being accused of stealing and treated like a criminal."       This is what it means to fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening and fast

15、-growing crime: identity theft.     It happens to at least 500,000 new victims each year, according to government figures.     And it happens very easily because every identification number you have Social Security, credit card, driver's license, telephone "is a key that

16、 unlocks some storage of money or goods," says a fraud program manager of the US Postal Service. "So if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it, I'm not becoming you, but to the credit card company I've become your account."    

17、One major problem, experts say, is that the Social Security Number (SSN) originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes has become the universal way to identify people. It is used as identification by the military, colleges and in billions of commercial transactions.     Yet

18、 a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN, not only by stealing your wallet, but also by taking mail from your box, going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext.     Using your SSN, the thief applies for a credit card in your na

19、me, asking that it be sent to a different address than yours, and uses it for multiple purchases. A couple of months later the credit card company, or its debt collection agency, presses you for payment.     You don't have to pay the debt, but you must clean up your damaged credit reco

20、rd.  That means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract, and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit report, which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort.     In the Collins' case, the clearance of the erroneous cha

21、rges from their record required three years of poring over records and $6,000 in solicitor's fees. In the meantime, they were denied a loan to build a vacation home, forced to pay cash for a new heating and cooling system, hounded by debt collectors, and embarrassed by the spectacle of having th

22、eir home watched by investigators looking for the missing car.     Of course, thousands of people are caught and prosecuted for identity theft. But it was only last year that Congress made identity theft itself a federal crime. That law set up a special government office to help victims re

23、gain their lost credit and to streamline police efforts by tracking cases on a national scale.     Consumer advocates say this may help but will not address the basic problems, which, they believe, are causing the outbreak in identity theft: industry's rush to attract more customers by

24、 issuing instant credit, inadequate checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers' personal information.     Several proposed laws have attempted to protect personal privacy and avert fraud by limiting the use of SSNs in commerce. The most comprehensive would prohib

25、it businesses from obtaining or distributing anyone's SSN unless they have been authorized to do so by that person in writing.     Also, the law would clamp down on the selling of "credit headers" the top portion of credit reports without consent. Each lists a consumer's

26、name, address and telephone number, mother's family name, date of birth and Social Security Number. The credit bureaus have admitted that selling headers earns them tens of millions of dollars annually.     The law faces fierce resistance from the credit industry, which argues that wit

27、hholding consumer information and removing the SSN as the universal criterion for establishing a person's identity would break the main link of confidence between business and consumer, complicate the process and slow transactions. "Unlike any other economy in the world, we demand credit, a

28、nd we demand credit now," says one credit industry leader.     There is no way to gauge the true magnitude of identity fraud. One of the biggest credit bureaus reported an average 20,000 calls a day from fraud victims in 1997, up from 135 a day in 1992. About a third were from consume

29、rs wanting to know how to avoid identity theft.     "Unless you never give out information for any reason, you can't prevent identity theft," says an expert. "But there are ways of minimizing the risk."  Such as:     Never carry your SSN in your walle

30、t or printed on checks.     Guard your SSN closely, giving it out only to official authorities or businesses you trust. Some firms will accept other identification if you ask.     Be careful how you dispose of documents. Ideally, destroy them.     Exercise your right to

31、 stop your credit header being sold.     Don't post personal information on the Internetfor example, on college reunion sites.     Check your credit report at least once a year.     And above all: Check bank and credit statements item by item.     Finally:

32、 "I don't want to be called a victim," added Collins. "We were furious and came out fighting. You can't allow these people to intimidate you. So fighter would be a better word."     Words:1,007Identity Theft: A New Epidemic 課文生詞短語(words,Phrases and Expressions)

33、· Identity Theft: A New Epidemic New Wordssterna. 1.嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)厲的；表示不悅或不贊許的 2.嚴(yán)格的，苛刻的 submarinen. 潛水艇 ensuevi. 接著發(fā)生，因而產(chǎn)生 hithertoad. 迄今，至今 conscientiousa. 認(rèn)真的，謹(jǐn)慎的，盡責(zé)的 preyn. 1.受害者，犧牲品 2.獵物 v. 1.捕食 2.折磨；使煩惱 3.使某人成為受害者 theftn. 偷竊 identificationn. 1.身份證明（文件） 2.驗(yàn)明，鑒別 fraudn. 1.欺騙，詐騙 2.騙子 transactionn. 交易

34、；事務(wù) shrewda. 精明的，敏銳的 snatchv. 搶，抓 pretextn. 借口，托辭 clearancen. 清理，清除，撤除 porevi. 審查，審視，仔細(xì)閱讀 n. 毛孔，氣孔 solicitorn. （尤指英國的）律師 houndvt. 不斷侵?jǐn)_， 煩擾 n. 獵狗 spectaclen. 1.壯觀的景象 2.令人尷尬的事件；異常的事情，不平常的局面 prosecutev. 起訴 streamlinevt. 1.使效率更高 2.使成流線型 outbreakn. （壞事）突然發(fā)生或出現(xiàn) privacyn. 隱私，隱秘，私事 avertvt. 1.防止，避免 2.移開 aut

35、horizevt. 授權(quán)，批準(zhǔn) clampvt. 鉗住, 夾住 withholdvt. 拒絕給予，保留 criterionn.(pl. -ria) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尺度 gaugevt. 估計(jì) n. 1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量度（尤指寬度和厚度） 2.量具 magnituden. 1.（通常指大的）量 2.重要（性），重要程度 minimizevt. (BrE minimise) 1.減至最小量或最低程度 2.輕視；不認(rèn)真對待 reunionn. 1.聚會，聯(lián)誼活動 2.重聚 furiousa. 1.狂怒的，暴怒的 2.狂暴的，難以控制的 intimidatevt. 威脅，恐嚇 Phrases and Expressi

36、onsset foot on/in到達(dá)某地 fall prey to（指人）為（某事）所苦，受（某事的）折磨 （指動物）被捕食 on. pretext在借口之下 clean up清理，清除（犯罪、不良影響等） pore over仔細(xì)審查，審視 clamp down on取締; 嚴(yán)厲限制 give out公開, 公布 dispose of處理，丟掉 Proper NamesJack Collins杰克·柯林斯 Virginia弗吉尼亞（美國州名） US Postal Service美國郵政總局 (US) Congress美國國會 Identity Theft: A New Epidem

37、ic 課文生詞講解( new words study) · Identity Theft: A New Epidemic stern      a. 1. serious and grim; showing displeasure or disapproval嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)厲的；表示不悅或不贊許的The man walked over to the boy and said in a stern voice, "Give it to me."那個人走到男孩跟前，厲聲地說："把它給我。"He walk

38、ed into the meeting-room with a stern look.他表情嚴(yán)肅地走進(jìn)了會議室。2. severe and strict嚴(yán)格的，苛刻的He's much too stern with his children.他對孩子們要求太嚴(yán)格了。Police are planning stern measures to combat crime.警方正在制定嚴(yán)厲的措施來打擊犯罪活動。   submarine      n. C a naval vessel that can operate und

39、erwater as well as on the surface潛水艇a missile-launching submarine導(dǎo)彈潛水艇He once worked on a nuclear-powered submarine.他曾經(jīng)在核潛艇上工作過。   ensue      vi. happen afterwards, often as a result接著發(fā)生，因而產(chǎn)生A fight ensued which left one man dead, one crippled for life and several

40、with lasting scars.在接下來的戰(zhàn)斗里，有一人死亡，一人終身殘廢，還有幾人留下永久性的疤痕。The epidemic spread to other areas of the country in the ensuing days.在接下來的幾天里，流行病擴(kuò)散到了這個國家的其他地區(qū)。   hitherto      ad. until this; up until now迄今，至今But nothing was hitherto known of their work.迄今，人們對他們的工作一無所知。She

41、transfers her affections, hitherto directed to her mother, on to her father.她把迄今一直對母親的愛轉(zhuǎn)移到了父親身上。   conscientious      a. showing great care, attention, or seriousness of purpose認(rèn)真的，謹(jǐn)慎的，盡責(zé)的He is a conscientious worker.他是一個勤勤懇懇的工人。He was praised by the manager for hi

42、s being conscientious with his work.他對工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，受到了經(jīng)理的表揚(yáng)。   prey      n. 1. U (fig.) sb. who is harmed by another; victim受害者，犧牲品He, with his simplicity and inexperience, is likely to be easy prey for ambitious counterparts.由于單純和缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他很容易成為野心勃勃的同行的犧牲品。Old people like h

43、im are easy prey for sly salesmen.像他那樣的老人很容易被狡猾的推銷員蒙騙。2. U an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal獵物The bird flew off with its prey in its claws.這只鳥用爪子抓著捕獲物飛走了。A tiger is pursuing its prey.老虎在追捕獵物。 v. 1. (on, upon) hunt and eat as prey捕食Owls prey on mice.貓頭鷹捕食老鼠。Hawks prey on small

44、 birds.老鷹捕食小鳥。2. (on, upon) trouble greatly折磨；使煩惱Remorse preyed on his mind.懊悔使他內(nèi)心惴惴不安。The thought that he was responsible for her death preyed on his mind.他一想到自己對她的死負(fù)有責(zé)任就心如刀割。3. (on, upon) make sb. one's victim使某人成為受害者The oppressed peoples will never allow themselves to be preyed upon by any in

45、vaders.被壓迫民族決不會聽任入侵者肆意掠奪。The villagers were preyed on by pirates.村民們受到海盜的搶劫。   theft      n. U stealing偷竊He was put in prison for theft.他因?yàn)橥蹈`被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。He reported the theft of his passport.他報告說護(hù)照失竊。   identification      n. 1. C sth.

46、(such as an official paper) which is proof or a sign of identity身份證明（文件）Have you any identification? 你有身份證明嗎？His only means of identification was his passport.他惟一證明身份的證件就是他的護(hù)照。2. U identifying or being identified驗(yàn)明，鑒別 The identification of the air crash victims took a long time.驗(yàn)明飛機(jī)失事遇難者身份的工作費(fèi)了很長時間。

47、identification of friend or foe分清敵我   fraud      n. 1. C, U deceiving sb. illegally (usu. in order to make money or obtain goods)欺騙，詐騙Credit card fraud is at its highest level since credit cards were introduced 20 years ago.自從20年前信用卡問世以來，信用卡詐騙已達(dá)到了頂峰。Thousands of fr

48、auds are committed every year.每年都有數(shù)千起詐騙案。2. C a person who deceives others by pretending to have the abilities, skills, etc. that he/she does not have騙子He appeared to be honest and reliable, but he was really a fraud.他看起來誠實(shí)可靠，但實(shí)際上是個騙子。He said he was a famous musician, but later she discovered he was

49、 a fraud.他說自己是一位著名的音樂家，但后來她發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個騙子。   transaction      n. C sth. transacted; a piece of business交易；事務(wù)Retailers have to pay between 1 and 4 per cent of all credit card transactions to their bank.零售商必須把以信用卡交易金額的百分之一到百分之四交給他們的開戶銀行。Most banks now use computers to proc

50、ess their own transactions.大多數(shù)銀行現(xiàn)在都使用計(jì)算機(jī)來處理它們的業(yè)務(wù)。   shrewd      a. showing good practical judgment, esp. of what is to one's own advantage精明的，敏銳的He is widely recognized as a shrewd businessman.他是公認(rèn)的精明的商人。He was too shrewd to go along with them down a road which

51、 could lead only to their overthrow.他太精明了，不會和他們一塊走上一條只能導(dǎo)致他們垮臺的道路。   snatch      v. seize quickly and sometimes rudely, grab搶，抓Jack snatched the letter from her and tore it in two.杰克從她手中搶過信來，撕成兩半。Tommy would not let the younger child share his toys and would often s

52、natch toys from her.湯米不讓那個小點(diǎn)的孩子玩他的玩具，還常從她手中把玩具搶走。   pretext      n. C (of, for) a reason given for doing sth. that is considered wrong or bad; an excuse借口，托辭He used his sore throat as a pretext for not going to school.他借口嗓子疼而不去上學(xué)。He left early on the pretext that h

53、e had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.他借口牙疼得厲害，必須看牙醫(yī)，而提早離開了。   clearance      n. C,U the act of clearing or fact of being cleared清理，清除，撤除This shirt was a bargain only 10 dollars in a clearance sale.這件襯衫很便宜，清倉大甩賣時只賣10美元。Clearance of the theater during the

54、 fire was quick.發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，劇院里的觀眾撤得很快。   pore      vi. (over) study sth. by looking at it or thinking about it very carefully審查，審視，仔細(xì)閱讀He pored over a map while I collected wood for a fire and Nathan dug out a seat for us all.他查看地圖，我找木頭生火，南森則為我們挖好坐的地方。To plan, we spend

55、several evenings poring over the travel brochures.為了做好計(jì)劃，我們花了好幾個夜晚來研究旅游手冊。 n. C any of the tiny openings in a surface, esp. of the skin or of a leaf毛孔，氣孔Sweat comes out through pores in the human skin.汗從人體的毛孔滲出。Scientists found mushrooms with minute purple pores in the mountains.科學(xué)家們在山中發(fā)現(xiàn)了帶有紫色毛

56、孔的蘑菇。   solicitor      n. C (esp. in England) a lawyer （尤指英國的）律師The expensive solicitor's fee was beyond him.他負(fù)擔(dān)不起昂貴的律師費(fèi)。Unless I receive a satisfactory response from you within a month，I shall put this matter in the hands of my solicitor.除非一個月之內(nèi)從你那兒得到滿意的答復(fù)，否則我

57、就要把這件事交給我的律師來處理。   hound      vt. chase or disturb constantly and relentlessly; harass不斷侵?jǐn)_， 煩擾He was hounded by the British press because he had married a film star.由于與一個電影明星結(jié)了婚，他受到了英國媒體的追蹤。 n. C a hunting dog獵狗A large pack of hounds are chasing the prey.一大群獵狗

58、在追捕獵物。   spectacle      n. 1. C,U a grand public show or scene壯觀的景象Viewed from the top of Mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.從泰山頂上看去, 日出真是個奇觀。Volcano eruption is a wonderful spectacle.火山爆發(fā)是一大奇觀。2. C an embarrassing event; any unusual thing or situation t

59、o be seen or noticed令人尷尬的事件；異常的事情，不平常的局面He drank too much and made a spectacle of himself.他喝得過多而當(dāng)眾出丑。She was greatly embarrassed when her partner made a spectacle of himself on the dance floor.她的舞伴在舞池里出了洋相，她感到非常難堪。   prosecute      v. (for) bring a criminal charge

60、against (sb.) in a court of law起訴He was prosecuted for murder.他因?yàn)橹\殺而被起訴。Being below the age of criminal responsibility, they will not be prosecuted.因?yàn)椴坏叫淌仑?zé)任年齡，他們不會被起訴。   streamline      vt. 1. make (sth.) more efficient and effective使效率更高Franklin aimed to streamlin

61、e the post office.富蘭克林決心提高郵局的效率。We must streamline our production procedures.我們必須提高生產(chǎn)程序的效率。2. give a streamlined form to (sth.)使成流線型The new cars have lighter and more streamlined bodywork.新車的車身更輕，并且更具流線型。The movie star was driving a streamlined racing car.那位影星駕駛著一輛流線型的賽車。   outbreak      n. C a sudden appearance or beginning of sth. bad（壞事）突然發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)The outbreak of the strike was beyond our expectation.我們沒有想到會發(fā)生罷工。The recent outbreak of hepatitis in the area h