初中英語系動詞全解復(fù)習(xí)過程

1、關(guān)于連系動詞后接不定式 不定式作表語:1） .My dream is to be a scientist.2） .All you have to do is to listen. seem, appear, prove, turn be)短語作表語：1) .The man seemed to be ill.2) .The plan proved to be useful.3) .He appears to know this.天氣結(jié)果很好。他漸漸喜歡學(xué)英語了。be。等連系動詞后通常不能接不定式：（也可應(yīng)去掉to be） 應(yīng)去掉to be），但以省略to be為多。精品文檔系動詞連系動詞即系動詞

2、。系動詞，亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb ）。作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨 用作謂語，后邊必須跟 表語，亦稱補語（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) 說明主語的狀況、 性質(zhì)、特征等情況。目錄1簡介1. 1.1定義2. 1.2詳細(xì)分別3. 1.3主要分類2注意事項3怎樣區(qū)分1. 3.1比較法2. 3.2替換法4專項訓(xùn)練1. 4.1練習(xí)題2. 4.2答案與分析1簡介定義例如：He feel ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（ feel是系動詞，后跟表語，說明主語情況。）。連系動詞be （am,is,are） 后根據(jù)情況可自由地接我的夢想是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。你只需要聽。out, grow等連系動詞

3、后也可接不定式（尤其是to這個人好像病了。這個計劃證明是有用的。他好像知道這一點。4) .The weather turned out to be fine.5) .He has grown to like studying English. 若所接不定式為to be ,通常可以省略 sound, smell, feel, taste, become 以理解為用主動表被動)誤：These oranges taste to be good.(誤：The roses smell to be nice.(連系動詞look后有時也可接to be詳細(xì)分別1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有 be一詞，例

4、如：He is a teacher.他是一名教師。（is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。）2）持續(xù)系動詞He always keeps silent at meeting.他開會時總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一個謎。3）表像系動詞He looks tired. 他看起來很累。He seems （to be） very sad.他看起來很傷心。4）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste,例如：精品文檔精品文檔This kind of cloth feels very soft.這種布手感很軟。This flowe

5、r smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。5）變化系動詞例如：She grew rich within a short time.她沒多長時間就富有了。6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有 prove, turn out,表達(dá)"證實"，"變成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false.這個謠言證實有假。The search proved difficult.搜查證據(jù)很難。His plan turned out a success.他的計劃終于成功了。 （ turn out 表終止性結(jié)果）主要分類狀態(tài)可用來表示 主語性質(zhì)

6、或狀態(tài)，只有 be一詞，例如：He is a teacher.他是一名教師。（表示主語的身份性質(zhì)）He is ill.他病了。（表示主語的狀態(tài)）持續(xù)He always keep silent at meeting.他開會時總是保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍然是一個謎。表像He looks so tired.他看起來很累。He seems （to be） very sad.他看起來很傷心。感官感官系動詞主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste, look例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.這種布手

7、感很軟。This flower smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。變動 ,be. 例如： He became mad after that.自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short time.她沒多長時間就富了。終止表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out,表達(dá)"證實"，"變成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false.這謠言證實有彳 BUThe search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。His plan turned out a success.他

8、的計劃終于成功了。（ turn out 表終止性結(jié)英語系動詞的功能主要是把表道（名超、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語、從句）和它的主語聯(lián)系在一起，說明主語的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完 全的詞義，不能在句中獨立作 遁道，必須和后面的 表語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。它雖 是虛詞,但是其用法是復(fù)雜的，而且不可忽視。許多英語初學(xué)者會因此出現(xiàn)這樣那樣的錯誤，然而許多語法書卻沒作專門系統(tǒng)的介紹。因此，我們有必要小結(jié)一下英 語系動詞用法，以便大家參考。我想從以下四個方面歸納一下英語系動詞的用法:I、常見系動詞錯誤及其成因；II、系動詞分類；III、系動詞用法應(yīng)注意的 8個問 題；IV、系動詞與高考及其

9、練習(xí)。2注意事項系動詞本身有一定的詞義，不能單獨作謂語，后面與表語連用。復(fù)習(xí)系動詞時，必須注意以下幾個問題：1.系動詞be是最重要的，主語不同，be的形式也不同，且有時態(tài)的變化。通常表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)和身份等，后面接形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、v-ing、過去分詞及表語從句作表語。特別要注意“由be+過去分詞”所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“由be+過去分詞”所構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。前者側(cè)重于表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)，通常沒有由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。精品文檔如：The door was closed.后者側(cè)重于強調(diào)主語是謂語動詞所示動作的承受者，表示動作；句中可以用由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。如：T

10、he door was closed by me.還要注意“由be+ V-ing所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“由 be+ V-ing ”所構(gòu)成的進(jìn)行時態(tài) 的區(qū)別。前者側(cè)重于說明主語具有的特征或存在的狀態(tài)，也可說明主語是什么。如：My jobis teaching English.后者側(cè)重于強調(diào)主語正在做某事。如： Mr Wangis reading an evening paper now. 2.要注意由行為動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的系動詞。表示人體感官白系動詞有sound, taste , look , feel , smell等，后面接形容詞；表示主語從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種狀態(tài)的系動詞有become, get ,

11、 go, turn , run ,grow, come, fall , prove 等，后面接形容詞、名詞或 to be+ 形容詞，become后 面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前要用不定冠詞，turn后面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前不用不定冠詞；表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)的系動詞有continue , keep, remain ,stay , stand lie , rest , stay等，后面接表示狀態(tài)的形容詞；表示判斷的系動詞有 seem和appear,后面接形容詞、to be+名詞或形容詞、 that-clause 、不定式等。3 .要注意系動詞的固定搭配。常見的有come true, f

12、all asleep, fall ill, gobad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4 .要特別注意某些動詞既可以做系動詞，又可以做實意動詞的用法。系動詞部分主要注意：其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞做表語。遇到這種情況，只 能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對后面的詞性和詞義做出正確判斷和選擇。以 taste 一詞為例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（這種新研制的軟飲料嘗起來挺獨特的。注意：在這句話里，taste做系動詞，不能使用進(jìn)行時，后面接

13、形容詞。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（廚師長正在品嘗這道魚。注意：在這句話中，taste做實意動詞，可以使用進(jìn)行時，并且后面接副詞做狀語。） 系動詞用法應(yīng)注意的七個問題1 .系動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)應(yīng)分情況討論。一般地說，狀態(tài)系動詞無進(jìn)行時態(tài)，而動態(tài)系動詞有進(jìn)行時態(tài)。但是在某些情況下，狀態(tài)系動詞也有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，表示兩個用途：一是表示一種短暫的、反常的狀態(tài)。如: He is being kind.（一時而不能持久的性質(zhì)）他裝出和藹可親的樣子。二是表示一種探詢口氣，使語言客氣、生動、親切。例如：I hope you are keeping well.（語氣

14、委婉）我希望你保持健康。Are you feeling any better?（語氣親切）你感覺好了些嗎？試比較：Your hand feels cold.（無意識的靜態(tài)性質(zhì)。）你的手摸起來冰涼。不可以說：Your hand is feeling cold.（ x）但可以說：The doctor is feeling her pulse.（有意識的動態(tài)動作）醫(yī)生正在給她拿脈。The soup tastes good.（靜態(tài)性質(zhì)，無進(jìn)行時）這湯的味道不錯。The cook is tasting the soup. （動態(tài)動作，有進(jìn)行時）廚師在嘗湯的味道。總之，系動詞有無進(jìn)行時態(tài)應(yīng)隨系動詞的意義或

15、其語境變化而變化。我們在概述某一動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)時，不能籠統(tǒng)地說feel , smell無進(jìn)行時，應(yīng)指出其意義及其語用環(huán)境。例如smell的用法可見一斑。smell作“嗅覺”的能力時，雖是實義動詞，但指的是一種性質(zhì)的存在狀態(tài)不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，常與 can, could, be able to 連用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.駱駝能嗅出一英里外有水。指“嗅、聞”的動作時，實義動詞，可用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。The girl is smelling the flower.精品文檔這姑娘正在聞那朵花。smell指“含有氣味”，“發(fā)出氣味”等事物性質(zhì)時，半

16、系動詞，無進(jìn)行時態(tài)。The dinner smells good.這飯菜聞起來真香。2 .系動詞的時態(tài)與形容詞的比較級連用的問題。某些含有變化意義白動態(tài)系動詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進(jìn)行時態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級連用，表示漸進(jìn)過程，其意思是“越來越”。例如：He is growing taller and taller.他長得越來越iWj 了。Our life is getting better and better.我們的生活是越來越好了。The things are getting worse.情況是越來越糟了。3 .所有半系動詞的被動語態(tài)要分情況討論。英語中某動詞

17、在作系動詞用時，無被動語態(tài)，而作實義動詞用時，才有被動語態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。例如：不能說：The apple is tasted good.（因為taste此時是系動詞，“嘗起來”之意，指的是蘋果的性質(zhì)，無被動語態(tài)）但我們可以說：The apple is tasted by me.這蘋果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時指“嘗一嘗”這一動作，有被動語態(tài)）因此，在平時的英語教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之，要有意注意半系動詞在具體的語言環(huán)境中到底是系動詞用法還是實義動詞用法，要注意區(qū)分、識別。4.瞬間動態(tài)系動詞能否與時間段連用的問題英語中某些表示瞬間意義的系動詞不能與“for+時間段，since+時間點，how lo

18、nguntil+時間,by + 時間，so far ”等直接連用。例如：不能說： He has become a teacher for 2 years.應(yīng)改為： He has been a teacher for 2 years.不能說： He has turned writer since 3 years ago.應(yīng)改為： He has been a writer since 3 years ago.或 It is three years since he turned writer.不能說： He got angry until his child came back home.應(yīng)改為：

19、 He didn ' t get angry until his child came back home.5 .系動詞能接幾種表語（從句）系動詞除了接adj.n.prep. 短語，某些adv.以外，還可接以下幾種表語形式： 能接as if/as though表語從句的系動詞有：100k （看起來），smell （聞起來）， sound （聽起來），feel （覺得）；appear （顯得），seem （似乎）。例如：It looks as if we are going to have snow.看樣子天要下雪了。He looked as if he had just stepped

20、 out of my book of fairy tales.他看來好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來似的。She seemed as if （though） she couldn ' t understand why Laura was there.看來她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒。It sounds to me as though there ' s a tap running somewhere.我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。The river appeared as

21、if enveloped in smog.那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。可用于“It+系動詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem, appear,不可用be, look 。如：It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯誤。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語。能用不定式作表語的系動詞有：be, seem, get, look, appear,

22、 prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.精品文檔她的工作是照料孩子們。He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父親。She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.她看起來像是一個 20歲的年輕姑娘。He didn ' t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。My advice proved to be wrong.我的建議證明是錯誤的。He will grow to like this work g

23、radually.他會逐漸喜歡這個工作的。能與there 連用的系動詞有： be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那兒好像只有一個房間。There seems（to be）no need to go.似乎沒有必要走。6 .能用兩種否定形式的系動詞有兩個：seem, appear.舉例說明：It doesn ' t seem that we can get our money back.=It seems that we can' t get our money back.He seems not to be he

24、r father.=He doesn ' t seem to be her father.The baby doesn ' t appear to be awake.=The baby appears not to be awake.7 .后接作表語的過去分詞可構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)能構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)的系動詞通常有兩個：第一個是常見的be（is, am, was等）；第二個是get , 口語中常用。當(dāng)二者作系動詞用時，它們均表示一種存在狀態(tài)，而不表 示被動動作；當(dāng)二者作助動詞用時，后接作謂語的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Be + P.P?？梢杂胓et + P.P.來代替，但是并不是 be系動詞總是

25、可以用 get來代 替。Get + P.P.系表結(jié)構(gòu)常用于以下兩種情況：1）表示偶然的、突發(fā)性的、意想不到的被動動作的結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了（表示意想不到）The new car got scratched.新車給刮壞了。（表突發(fā)性）2）表示對自身所作的事。如 get dressed, get lost 等。John got injured while playing football last Saturday.約翰上周星期六踢足球時受了傷。They got married last month.他們上個月結(jié)

26、婚了。另外，要注意區(qū)分系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。8 .系動詞與動詞的區(qū)別系動詞亦稱聯(lián)系動詞（Link Verb ）,作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。但是，有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實義時，有詞義，可單 獨作謂語。例如： He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（ fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。） He fell off the bike.他從自行車上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。表示動作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。根據(jù)其在句 中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義

27、動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞。但 是，有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞。例如：We are having a meeting. 我們正在開會。（have是實義動詞。） He has gone to New York. 他已去紐約。 （have是助動詞。）動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動 詞、不及物動詞，英語縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。但是，同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌 又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首

28、英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞。）3怎樣區(qū)分連系動詞多有自己的意思，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語（名詞、形容詞，或與之相當(dāng)?shù)脑~類、 短語、從句）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。最常用的連系動詞為be （系）動詞，即完全連系動詞， 另外還有 100k , turn , feel , get , become, sound, smell ,精品文檔stand , go, remain等半連系動詞。無論是完全連系動詞還是半連系動詞、后面都有表語。半連系動詞是由實意動詞變來的，分辨該動詞為實意動詞還是半連系動詞可以嘗試用比較法和替換法。比較法比較下列各組句子(1) A . Please look at the b

29、lackboard .請看黑板。8. He looked a perfect fool .他看上去是個十足的神經(jīng)病(2) A . Turn to Page 16,翻到 16 頁。B. He turned traitor to his country.他背叛了祖國。(3)A . He felt it his duty to help others.他認(rèn)為幫助別人是自己的責(zé)任。B. I felt very hungry after a long walk走了一段長路，我感到很餓。(4)A.Get me some ink .給我一些墨水。B. Our motherland is getting st

30、ronger and stronger.我們國家變得越來越強大了。(5)A . Such words do not become a scholar .那樣的話不像出自學(xué)者之口。B. Some of the fields became covered with water.一些田地覆蓋著水。(6)A . This black key on the piano won''t sound.這鋼琴上的黑鍵按下去不響。B. The story sounds interesting .這故事聽起來很有趣。(7)A.I am sure I smell gas .我肯定聞到了煤氣味。B. T

31、he flowers smell sweet .花朵散發(fā)芳香。(8)A . He was too weak to stand .他太虛弱，不能站立。B. Holding the note in his hand , he stood there dumbfounded .他拿著鈔票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。(9)A . He goes to school early every morning.他每天早上很早上學(xué)。B. They went mad .他們發(fā)狂了。(10)A . I remained 3 weeks in Paris .我在巴黎逗留了三周。B. He never remained s

32、atisfied with his success他從不滿足于自己的成績。替換法分析以上10組句子我們不難看出 B組動詞均為連系動詞，因為如果我們把動詞 (是)的適當(dāng)形式替代斜體動詞，句子能夠成立，后面的成分即是表語。(1) He was a perfect fool .(2) He was a traitor to his country.(3) I was very hungry after a long walk.(4) Our motherland is stronger and stronger.(5) Some of the land was covered with water

33、.(6) The story is interesting .(7) The flowers are sweet .(8) Holding the note in his hand , he was there dumbfounded .(9) They were mad .(10) He was never satisfied with his success.反之，如果把be (是)動詞的適當(dāng)形式替代A組動詞，句子則不能成立，無法解釋，A組動詞均不為連系動詞：* (l ) Please be at the blackboard .* (2) Be to Page l6* (3) He wa

34、s if his duty to help others.* (4) Be me some ink .* (5) Such words are not a scholar .* (6) The black key on the piano won''t be.be* I am sure I am gas精品文檔* (8) He was too weak to be* (9) He is to school early every morning* (10) I was 3 weeks in Paris .另外半連系動詞是由實意動詞變來的。所以把含有半連系動詞的句子改為疑問句時，

35、一定要用助動詞。例如:1. Do they look tired ?2. Has she got ready ?3. Did it become much more expensive to travel abroad?不論完全連系動詞或半連系動詞，它們都有時態(tài)的變化， 但有些半連系動詞從形式上看像是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，實際上并不表示動作正在進(jìn)行。 而是表示“漸漸”的意思或 表示一種感情色彩。(1) It's getting warmer and warmer .天漸漸暖和起來了。(2) Are you feeling better now ?你現(xiàn)在好點了嗎？因為半系動詞本屬于不及物動詞，所以

36、沒有被動語態(tài)。如不能說： * Good medicine is tasted bitter to the mouth. 應(yīng)說：Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良藥苦 口。4專項訓(xùn)練練習(xí)題1. What is Mr Wang like?A. He is a teacherB. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D.

37、nicely3. The poor boy blind at the age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he.A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true5. His voice as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems6. This shirt as if it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D

38、. seems7. He looks he hadn ' t had a good m eal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems9. These apples taste.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good10. Do you like the shirt?Yes, it very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is

39、feeling D. is felt11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was dark.A. going B. getting C. running D. coming13. Their plan to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving14. The flowers in the garden sweet.A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell15. She like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels16. It another fine day