2009屆高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案之狀語從句

1、2009屆高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案之狀語從句（帶07-08年高考真題）一狀語從句的定義：在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。狀語從句通常由一個連詞引起，也可以由一個起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句一般分為九大類時間狀語從句 地點狀語從句 原因狀語從句 目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句 條件狀語從句 方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句 讓步狀語從句二狀語從句的分類：1時間狀語從句： 在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致，一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時?？梢砸龑?dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從

2、句之間的時間關(guān)系，又可分類如下：（1）表示同時性，即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。其連詞有：when （當(dāng)?shù)臅r候）, while（當(dāng)?shù)臅r候）, as（當(dāng)?shù)臅r候）, once（一旦）as soon as（一就）, the time（當(dāng)?shù)臅r刻）, the moment（當(dāng)?shù)臅r刻）, by the time（到時候為止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次的時候), the last time(上次的時候)，immediately（一就）, instantly（一就）,directly（一就）以下關(guān)聯(lián)詞引起的句子中，前面常用過去完成時，后面用一般過去時ha

3、rdly /scarcelywhen（剛就）, no soonerthan（剛就） Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有對比的意思）我洗地板的時候，你可以擦窗戶。As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的時候遇到了我的一位老同學(xué)。Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答復(fù)就給

4、你打電話。Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦見過他，就不會忘了他的。Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我們一到鄉(xiāng)下就開始下雨了。= We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. 他一到家她就開始抱怨。= He had no sooner come home than she

5、 started complaining.He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 他一聽到敲門聲就向門口走去。She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到聲音就沖進房間He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象。He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。He

6、 had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒說完就有人起來反駁他的論點She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她剛要睡著，忽然敲門的聲音把她驚醒。 as、when、while用法一覽表類別作 用例 句asas表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強調(diào)主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。如果從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成時，則多用as，可譯為“一邊.，一邊.”She ca

7、me up as I was cooking.(同時)The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。如果表示從句的動作在主句的動作“之前”或“之后”

8、發(fā)生時，多用when（=after）, 不用as或while。此外，when還含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while來替換。It was raining when we arrived.(指時間點)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時間內(nèi))We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視，這時燈突然滅了。They had just arrived home

9、 when it began torain.他們剛到家，這時天就開始下雨了。whilewhile意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”或“在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動詞一般要用延續(xù)性動詞。在when表示a period of time時，兩者可以互換。當(dāng)主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時，多用while, 不用as或whenPlease dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或wh

10、en不可，這里的while意思是“趁”)She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以為我在談?wù)撍畠?，而事實上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸＃?）表示先時或后時，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后。主要連詞有：after（在之后，before（在之前）, when(=after)等。如：After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. 孩子睡覺了以后她開始

11、備課。（從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，所以從句用了過去完成時）He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語。（主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，所以主句用了過去完成時） 常用句型：It is/was/will be before 要過多久才It will be another five days before we finish this task. 還要再過5天我們才能完成這個任務(wù)。It isnt/ wasnt/wont be before 沒有過多久就It was not lon

12、g before I forgot it all. 我沒有過多久就全忘了。He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和從句的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，時態(tài)一致）我還沒來得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在漢語中的譯義)（3）表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作。主要連詞有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當(dāng)）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時候他們就來幫我們Each time h

13、e came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城，總要來看看我們的學(xué)校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。(4）表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性主要連詞有：since（自從）,ever since（自從）,until（直到才/為止,till（直到才/為止）常用句型: It is /wassince It is just a week since we arrived here.我們到這兒剛剛一星期。(主句的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間較短，不能用ever since)You have been r

14、eading to me ever since James went out. 自從James走后你一直在給我朗讀。(ever 放在since之前是用來表示說話者強調(diào)主句動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間長)The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since可以放在句末， since則不能)這只一向日夜不停打點報時的大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。My uncle went to Tibet in

15、1951. He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常直到一天晚上發(fā)生意外I knew nothing about it until / till he told me. 他告訴我了我才知道。until與till及 notuntil / till的用法until和till都可表示“直到為止”，與持續(xù)性動詞的肯定式連用。如：He waited until / till we fin

16、ished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。當(dāng)until和till表示“直到才”時，通常與短暫動詞的否定式連用，這時，until和till也可用before代替。如：I didnt leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來，我才離開的。be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。如：Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當(dāng)not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒

17、裝語序：Not until she came back did I leave. = I didnt leave until she came back.在強調(diào)句型中一般用until，不用till。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.2 地點狀語從句地點狀語從句是由where（在的地方）, wherever（無論哪里）引導(dǎo)的：Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長江和漢水匯

18、合處。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語從句)哪兒有問題，你最好在哪兒做個記號。He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他無論在什么地方，總是與我們保持聯(lián)系。3 原因狀語從句表示原因的狀語從句可以由as（由于）,because(因為), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), for (由于)considering that（顧及到

19、）, seeing that（由于）等連詞引導(dǎo)：I do it because I like it.因為我喜歡我才干。(because不能與 so連用)He couldnt have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見過我，因為當(dāng)時我不在那兒。Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都沒到會，我們決定延期開會Now that/Since you are all here, lets try and reach a decis

20、ion.既然大家都來了咱們就設(shè)法做一個決定吧As she was ill, she didnt come to the party.由于病了，她沒來參加晚會。Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯的了。because, as, for , since 的區(qū)別類別用法例句becausebecause語氣最強表示不知道的原因時用because,即說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情況下只能使用b

21、ecause:在回答why的問句時；在用于強調(diào)句型時；被not所否定時。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.forfor的語氣不及because, since, as強，為并列連詞，引導(dǎo)的分句常放在主句之后，從句前通常用逗號，表示說話者為所做的推斷和預(yù)測提供理由，或?qū)η耙环志溥M行補充和解釋。如果不是因果關(guān)系，而是對前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時，只能用for。Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。）as/since表示

22、已經(jīng)知道的原因時用as或since,即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時卻相反。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”4 目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有: so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）,目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, shoul

23、d連用Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早點兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們在暴風(fēng)雨到來之前回家。He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字寫下省得忘了。（該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形，或省略should）Better take

24、 more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。5 結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞）, sothat(如此以致),suchthat(如此以致)等。What has happened that you all look so excited? 發(fā)生了什么事，使你們都顯得如此興奮？He didnt plan his time well, so that/so he didnt finish the work in time.他沒把時間計劃好，結(jié)果沒按時完成這項工作。We left

25、in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒有。Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very muchJenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她

26、。注意：so + 形容詞/副詞 + that從句；such +名詞 + that從句。但是，當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little(少)修飾時，要用so,不能用such。I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨。I had so little money then that I couldnt afford a little present

27、.我當(dāng)時囊中羞澀連一份小小禮物都買不起6 條件狀語從句表示條件的狀語從句可以由if（如果）,unless（除非）, in case（萬一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就而言）, on condition that（條件是）suppose（假設(shè)）supposing（假設(shè)）（僅用在問句中）等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。Se

28、nd us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬一你有什么困難，請給我們一個信兒。If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now.如果你明早6點鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個房間。As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一

29、個DNA專家。Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他會接受這項工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do?假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎么辦？7 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as（與一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導(dǎo)：Do in Rome as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Leave things as they

30、 are.讓一切順其自然。She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在門口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語氣）8 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由than（比）, as（與一樣）等詞引導(dǎo)：It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我們的國家同整個歐洲一樣大。The result was no

31、t as/so good as I had expected.結(jié)果不如我預(yù)料的那么好。常見句型：the +比較級，the +比較級The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越開心。9 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無論怎樣）,whatever（無論什么）, whoever（無論誰）, whomever（無論誰）, whichever（無論哪個）,whenever（無論何時）, wherever（無論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where,

32、 when) （無論）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導(dǎo)。We wont be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽，盡管一個球都沒進。(though, although不能與 but連用)Whether you believe it or not, its true.不管你信不信，這是真的。However (=No mat

33、ter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.無論它有多貴，我也要買下它。Dont let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他們是誰，別讓他們進來。No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.無論我說什么或怎么說，他總認(rèn)為是我錯。連詞as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。如：Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he

34、is, he.他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法，可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如：It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦但是我喜歡干一般情況下，unless相當(dāng)于ifnot，可以互換。如：I wont let you in unless you show me your pass = I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass.如果你不出示通行證，我就

35、不讓你進來。10省略現(xiàn)象 有些表示時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動詞be，主語又和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是it，常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（特別是動詞be）省略掉。注意狀語從句中從句的省略現(xiàn)象（1）連接詞 + 過去分詞Dont speak until spoken to.= Dont speak until you are spoken to.Pressure can be increased when needed.= Pressure can be increased when it is neededUnless repaired, the washin

36、g machine is no use. =Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use.（2）連詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞Look out for cars when crossing the street(= when you are crossing ).過街時當(dāng)心車輛。（3）連詞 + 形容詞/其他常見的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (= as though/if she was

37、 /were angry).她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生氣的樣子。If possible, Id like to have two copies if it (= if it is possible,). 可能的話，我想要兩本。She advised me not to say anything unless asked (= unless I was asked).她勸我別說什么，除非有人要我說。As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer(= As/ When he was a young man,).他年輕時就學(xué)了法律，并當(dāng)了律師。

38、狀語從句基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題1. Not until all the fish died in the river _how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize2. Why do you drink so much coffee?Well, _it doesnt keep me awake in the nights; I see no harm in it.A.

39、 although B. if C. unless D. while3. It was _it rained heavily that they didnt come.A. as B. because C. for D. since4. Why not buy a cheaper one, _you dont have enough money?A. since B. because C. for D. though5. It is ten years _I left home.A. when B. after C. since D. as6. He speaks English _he sp

40、eaks his mother tongue.A. so good as B. as good as C. so well as D. as well as7. Try _he might, he couldnt get out of difficulty.A. when B. where C. till D. as8. _I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.A. At first B. For the first time C. Until D. The first time9. I dont think youll be ab

41、le to understand this formula(公式) _you finish school.A. as if B. only when C. even D. even when10. I often visited Tianan Men Square _I was staying in Beijing.A. until B. during C. while D. throughout11. He always thinks Im wrong, _I may say.A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that12. _the

42、rain has stopped, lets continue to work.A. For B. Now that C. That D. Because13. _, I am sure that the boy is honest.A. Whatever people say B. No matter people sayC. What people say D. It doesnt matter people say14. I knew Mr. Green _I knew Mrs. Green.A. long before B. before long C. long ago D. aft

43、er long15. They waited _it was dark before leaving, _they didnt want anyone to see them leave.A. since; because B. until; as C. unless; for D. so; because16. _often you ring, no one will answer.A. How B. However C. Whom D. Whenever17. I will never stop _they might like it.A. no matter how B. how C.

44、what D. though18. Father was _busy in working _he often forgot rest or meals.A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as19. We made a decision _there would be rain, we should stay at home.A. that B. if C. that if D. whether20. I usually watch TV in the evening _I have to study for an examina

45、tion.A. because B. unless C. while D. the moment狀語從句強化訓(xùn)練題1. he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our helpAEven though BNever until COnly before DEver since2My mother is always warning me when l go out，“Don't get off the bus it is stopping.”Auntil Bbefore Cwhile Dafter3. Ta

46、ke a cigarette, please. No, thanks. Its three years I smoked. A. before B. since C. after D. when4I have realized the truth from my life story that suffering kills you, it makes you stronger.AthoughBbeforeCifDunless5. . -Are you sure that he is able to do the work well? - _ he could give his mind to

47、 it.A. In caseB. If only C. On condition thatD. Unless6. We must take measures to protect endangered wildlife_ it is too late. A. now that B. as long as C. unless D. before7. If you want to do the experiment again, youd better be more careful _ you made a mistake. A. when B. why C. where D. in case8

48、 he said was right to her and that was why she decided to marry him happened.ANo matter that; no matter thatBWhatever; whicheverCNo matter what; no matter whatDWhatever; whatever 9The thread of my kite broke and it flew awayI told you it would easily break it was the weakestAwhen Bthere Cthat Dwhere

49、10You can, the sky is clear, see as far as the old temple on top of the mountain, but not today.AwhenBwhereCthoughDbecause11- Will you go to Tom's birthday party tomorrow? - No, _ invited to. A. if B. until C. when D. even though12. The famous scientist was going out _ he found himself surrounde

50、d by lots of young people.A. when B. before C. while D. after13._life in a new country can be difficult, it can broadcast a persons view of the world.A. If    B. As  C. Because    D. While14. It was five oclock in the afternoon _they arrived at the hotel.A. since&#

51、160;    B. before    C. that     D. when狀語從句高考題2007年高考1. I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. （全國卷I） A. unless B. whether C. because D. while2. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. （全國卷I） A. not if dealt carefully with B. if

52、 not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with3._ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （全國卷II） A. If B. SinceC. ThoughD. When4. Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. （上海卷） A. asB. that C. which D. where5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. （上海卷）