高考必考英語語法歸納(共40頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 高考必考英語語法超級歸納 一、冠詞 冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。 I. 不定冠詞的用法 A plane is a machine that can fl 1 指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of y. 2 A boy is waiting for you.有個(gè)男孩在等你。 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 3We study eight hours a day. 表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，one 4We are nearly of an age. 表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the same Hello, could I speak to Mr

2、. Sm ith? Sorry, wrong number. There isn 用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識此人或與 't_ Mr. Smith here. 5 某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事 B. a A. 不填 C. theD. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒） a couple of, a bit, once upon a ti 用于固定詞組中me, in a hurry, have a walk, ma 6 ny a time 用于quite, rather, many, half, wha This room is rather a big

3、 one.7 t, such之后 She is as clever a girl as you can 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后 wish to meet. success(抽象名詞)a success(具體化) 成功 的人或事 a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame帶來恥辱的人 或事 用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前 9 a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知 識 . 定冠詞的用法II In many places in China, _ bicycle i s still _ p

4、opular means of transport 表示某一類人或物 1 ation. A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the 用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Oc 2 ean 詞前 表示說話雙方都了解的或上 3Would you mind opening the door? 文提到過的人或事 用于演奏樂器 4play the violin, play the guitar 用于形容詞和分詞前表示一 5the reach, the living, the wounded 類人 Could you

5、 tell me the way to _ J ohnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson 表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對比上文 6 here in the village. 的不定冠詞用法5） A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; / 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比 7He is the taller of the two children. 較級最高級前 用于國家黨派等以及江河湖 the United States, the Communist Part 8 y of China, the French 海，山川

6、群島的名詞前 用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞 9The compass was invented in China. 前 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指 10 in the 1990s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代) 世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代 用于表示度量單位的名詞前 11I hired the car by the hour. 用于方位名詞，身體部位名 12He patted me on the shoulder. 詞 III. 不用冠詞（又名零冠詞）的用法 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞， Beijing University, Jack, China, lov 1 e, air 人名地名等名詞前 I want this b

7、ook, not that one. /W 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, 2 hose purse is this? no, each, every等限制 季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一 March, Sunday, National Day, sprin 3 g 日三餐前 Lincoln was made President of Ame 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前 4 rica. 表示球類，棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前 5He likes playing football/chess. We went right round to the west c oast by _ s

8、ea instead of dri ving across _ continent. 6 與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前 A. the; theB. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不 填；不填 husband and wife, knife and fork, 7 以and連接的兩個(gè)相對的名詞并用時(shí) day and night 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 8Horses are useful animals. 二、名詞和主謂一致 I. 名詞的種類 專有名詞普通名詞 可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 國名地名人名，團(tuán)體 機(jī)構(gòu)名稱 個(gè)體名詞抽象名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞 特別注意名詞類別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 個(gè)體名詞與抽

9、象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 例 句 名詞性質(zhì) 意 義 She held someflowersin her h 個(gè)體名詞花兒 and. The trees are now inflower 抽象名詞開花 Youthis beautiful. 抽象名詞青春 He is ayouthof twenty 個(gè)體名詞年輕人 They have achieved remarkable 抽象名詞成功 successin their work. How about the Christmas eve ning party? 成功的事個(gè)體名詞 I should say it was a suc cess. 物質(zhì)名詞與個(gè)體

10、名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 例 句意 義 名詞性質(zhì) Ironis a kind of metal. 物質(zhì)名詞鐵 Please lend me youriron. 熨斗個(gè)體名詞 He broke a piece ofglass. 玻璃物質(zhì)名詞 He broke aglass. 玻璃杯個(gè)體名詞 I bought a chicken this mornin 個(gè)體名詞小雞 g Please help yourself to somec 物質(zhì)名詞雞肉 hicken 抽象名詞與個(gè)體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 Id like_information about the management of y our hotel,please.

11、 Well, you could have_word with the mana ger. He might be helpful A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a They sent usword of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象 具有動(dòng)作意義的抽象名 名詞） 詞加用與某些動(dòng)詞（如： A.aB.anC./ D.the have等）連 Could we haveword before you go to the meeting? 話 用，表示某一次短暫 （個(gè)體名詞） A.a B.anC./D.the 的動(dòng)作 類例：have a

12、dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/ a discussion/a look take a walk/a bathmake an advance( 進(jìn)步)/make an early start(早點(diǎn)出發(fā)) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛 苦的叫聲) /give a try Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a m 表示知識和時(shí)間的 ust in_international trade today. A.a,/B

13、.the, anC.the, theD. /, the 抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普 a knowledge of truth(知道實(shí)際情況) 通名詞時(shí)可以用來 give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實(shí)的知識) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識) 表示 If there were no examination, we should have_at school. 其中的一部分 A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time C.much happiest timeD.a much hap

14、pier time is money. A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times Oh, John. _you gave me! A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpri se 抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名 C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise 詞可用來表示“一次、一 She looked upwhen I shouted. 陣、一種”具體的行為、 A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in 事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)

15、some surprise 果。這時(shí)名詞前往往 其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise 有形容詞修飾 It is_work of art that everyone wants to have a lo ok at it. A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusual D.so an unusual II. 名詞的數(shù) 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關(guān)語法 書）。英語里有些名詞

16、的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請看下表 規(guī) 則例 詞 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形 man-men, woman-women, foot-fee 1 t, goose-geese, mouse-mice 式 sheep, deer, series, means, works, 單復(fù)數(shù)相同 2 fish, species ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, g oods, glasses, compasses, content只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 3 s 一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù) people, police, cattle, staff4 audience, class, fa

17、mily, crowd, cou 部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整 ple, group, committee, governmen 5 t, population, crew, team, public, 體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員） enemy, party customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), sp irits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), paper 復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義 6 s(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), bra ins(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟) Americans,

18、 Australians, Germans, 加-s Greeks, Swedes, Europeans Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japan 表示“某國 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 7 ese 人” 以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的 Englishmen, Frenchwomen 改為-men,-women sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-b 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) y, story-tellers, boy friends 無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatch 合成名詞 8 es 部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) 將兩

19、部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) women singers, men servants III. 主謂一致 情 況舉 例 規(guī)則 His father is working on the far m. To study English well is not eas 語 y. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動(dòng)詞不定式短語， Reading in the sun is bad for y 法 our eyes. 動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng) What he said is very important 一 for us all. 詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)， 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多 致 數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形

20、式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what 謂語動(dòng)詞 從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句 原 的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 what I bought were three Engli 則 sh books. What I say and do is (are) hel pful for you. Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom.由連接詞and或bothand連接起來的主 Many a boy and many a

21、girl lik語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。但若所 es it. 連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物 No boy and no girl likes it.時(shí)，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and Each of us has a new book.Is 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, eac everyone here today?h, every 或more than a (an)/one,m Somebody is speaking in class.any a (an) 修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) Everything around us is matter形式。either, n

22、either, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every 若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。. 謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)， 它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. Those who want to go please write their names on the black board.在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that, who, whi He is one

23、of my friends who arch 等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中 e working hard.先行詞的數(shù)一致。 He is the (only) one of my frie nds who is working hard. It is I who am going to the cin ema tonight. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致 It is we who are going to the c inema tonight. The police are looking for the l ost child. The cattle are eating gras

24、s in t如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的 he field. His family has moved to the south .謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果它指的集 (他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人） 體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學(xué)生） There are a lot of people in the由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a h

25、ea classroom. p of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the maj ority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百 Three-fourths of the surface of 分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng) the earth is sea. 詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。 50 percent of the students in o ur class are girls. 此外，還有a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類似 的用法（用復(fù)數(shù)），但the number of +復(fù) 數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用單數(shù)）。 A number

26、 of students have gon e to the farm to help the farm er pick apples. The number of pages in this bo ok is three hundred. There comes the bus.On the w all are many pictures. 在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后 Such is the result.Such are the facts. 的主語一致 Between the two hills stands a monument. Which is your bag?Which

27、are y our bags? Are any of you good at Englis What, who, which, any, more, all 等 邏 h?Has any of you got a pen? 代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思 All can be done has been done. 來決定。 輯 All is going well. All have been taken out.All hav 意 e gone to Beijing. Thirty minutes is enough for th 義 e work. 表示時(shí)間重量長度價(jià)值等的名詞的 T

28、wenty pounds is too dear. 一 復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù) 如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞 致 形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念 要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 上是一個(gè)整體。 原 Forty kilos of water are used e very day. 則 The United States is smaller th 若英語是書名名格言劇名報(bào)名國名 an China. “The Arabian Nights” is an inter 等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單 esting story-book. 數(shù)形式。 One and a half apples is

29、left o 表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后面接復(fù) n the table. 數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathem atics, politics, physics 以及news, wo rks 等。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際The paper works was built in 1990.這 意義為單數(shù)名詞，家造紙廠建于1990年。 I dont think physics is easy to 它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) study. 形式。 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, sci My glasses are broken. ssors (剪刀)等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)， 但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair of 等量 The pair of shoes under the be 詞修飾時(shí)（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂 d is his. 語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The old are taken good care of “定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某